scholarly journals Armenian Expedition of Emperor Constantius II in 338/339 A.D. and Military Units of Thracian Expeditionary Army at the Near East: on the Late Roman Military Organization in the Mid-4th Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Mekhamadiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Constantius Ii ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Late Roman

scholarly journals Caesar Constantius Gallus (351–354 AD) and His Military Policy at the Near East Provinces of the Late Roman Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Evgenii A. Mekhamadiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Near East ◽  
Military Policy ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Constantius Ii ◽  
The Military ◽  
Late Roman

The paper addresses the military-administrative activities of Constantius Gallus, a nephew of Emperor Constantius II (337–361), who administered the Late Roman Empire’s eastern provinces from 351 to 354 on behalf of Constantius II, holding the title of caesar. Constantius Gallus’ military policies in the east has been studied against the background of Greek and Latin sources along with the Talmudic texts written in Hebrew (in translations into modern Western European languages). This paper is aimed at the analysis of the main directions of Constantius Gallus’ military policy and his reform of the command structure of the troops stationed in the Roman provinces in the Near East in the period in question. This study allowed the author to clarify Constantius Gallus’ contribution to the general development of the Late Roman military organization in the eastern provinces of the Empire. The author has researched Constantius Gallus’ military polices by three topics: the struggle against the Persians in Syria and Mesopotamia; the military campaign against the rebellious Jews in Palestine; and the struggle against the Arab invaders into Arabia Petraea in 353. The research of these issues allows the author to conclude that, in his works, Constantius Gallus followed the separation of powers principle: he did not command the troops, neither he personally conducted military operations or interfered into the course of combat operations. He followed a simpler task of creating the mechanisms providing coordinated relations between commanders of expeditionary and frontier troops, coordinating joint actions of the commanders, and keeping conditions for effective collaboration of different kinds of troops.

scholarly journals New Researches on the Late Antique History of Warfare. Review of the book: Меkhаmаdiev, Е. А. (2019). Voennaia organizatsiia pozdnei Rimskoi imperii v 253–353 gg.: epokha Konstantina I Velikogo i ego dinastii (306–353) [Military Organization of the Late Roman Empire in 253–353 AD: The Age of Constantine I the Great and His Dynasty (306–353)]. St Petersburg: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie. 424 p.

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
Arsen Karapeti Shahinyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Late Roman Period ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Late Roman

This paper states that E. A. Mekhamadiev’s book is a fundamental study on the military organization of the Late Rome Empire and Early Byzantium, with particular emphasis on epigraphy and papyrology. The use of the said data allowed the author to reconstruct the history of individual military units, their territorial movements, participation in various military campaigns, and changes of their ranks. Chronologically, the book studies the Late Roman Period from 253 to 305 AD. The researcher has examined the internal (organizational) structure of all regional armies in the age of Emperor Constantine I the Great (306–337) and his sons, not restricting himself to the study of individual and narrow plots related to the history of a particular province. He has analyzed the data relating to both the eastern and western regions of the Empire, uncovered their close relations, and revealed the permanent movements of the military units from the west to the east and in the opposite direction, depending on the geopolitical and domestic political situation.

scholarly journals The Danube legions of the Late Roman Empire (I Italica and V Macedonica) during the second half and middle of the fourth c. a. d.: on the ways of interaction between the frontier and expeditionary armies

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-619
Author(s):  
Е.А. Mekhamadiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Near East ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Late Roman

Since 325 A. D., when the Emperor Constantine the Great established a self-sufficient and single expeditionary army of the Roman Empire (previously, before 353, it constantly had stood in Thrace, but then it was split in some smaller military groups), military units of this army have interacted to units of frontier armies during many military campaigns. But epigraphic data from the Lower Danube regions (the provinces of Lower Moesia and Dacia Ripensis (River)) give a chance to trace one another way of interaction, which was an absolutely disregarded before. The author means a food supply of frontier units from the provinces where the expeditionary troops (or imperial bodyguards) had their service. The inscriptions covered by this paper contain evidence about two important Danube frontier legions, that are I Italica (Lower Moesia) and V Macedonica (Dacia Ripensis (River)), which received a food from the Roman Near East provinces (the author means Hellespontus at the North-West of the Asia Minor and Syria Foenice and Syria Palestina just at the Persian frontier), but not from the Danube regions. As the author supposes, the reason of such a way of supply was that some military units (vexillations) detached from the staff of the Danube frontier legions served within the Near East Roman provinces, these vexillations moved at the Near East during the time of the Tetrarchy (293–324) or the sole reign of Constantine the Great (324–337). After their relocation to the Near East, vexillations of the Danube frontier legions have never returned in their home Danube provinces, in contrast, they were parts of the Near East expeditionary armies. But, as a matter of award for diminishing of their staff, the Danube frontier («maternal») legions received a food from the provinces, where their «child» vexillations located and served.

scholarly journals A Military Unit of the Celtae (the Celts) and Some Peculiarities of Late Roman Military Titles in the 4th C. AD

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Mekhamadiev
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Ammianus Marcellinus ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Constantius Ii ◽  
The City ◽  
Late Roman ◽  
Roman Administration

Introduction. The Late Roman administration used to practice many ways of interrelations with the Barbarian tribes, but modern scholarship tended and tends to pay main attention to external perspectives of interrelations, i.e. issues of barbaric invasions and methods of their accomodation within the Roman territory. In contrast, modern scholarship pays little attention to internal perspectives of interrelations, and partly, to one of the point of internal interrelations, which is strictly under consideration in this paper. This point is a meaning of official titles, which Roman administration gave to military detachments composed of the German warriors. Basing on evidence about an elite military unit of the Celtae and the name Celtae itself, the author aims to regard peculiarities of Late Roman military nomenclature and to trace how this nomenclature reflected an official political ideology of imperial supremacy, a system of Romans’ views and opinions about the Barbarians. Methods. The author studies these matters by comparing the evidence of Ammianus Marcellinus, Greek dedicatory inscription from the city of Stobi (the province of Macedonia) and some panegyrics (the so-called Latin panegyrics, a speech of Julian the Apostate in honor of the Emperor Constantius II and the “Thanksgiving oration” of a prominent Gallic rhetorician Ausonius for the Emperor Gratianus). The author traces how all these texts are treated and meant a word Celtae/Κελτοί. Analysis. The author proposes and proves an idea that a military unit of the Celtae was composed of the captive Alamanni presumably between the reign of the Emperor Diocletian (284-305) and 351/352. Results. Having based on the evidence enumerated above, the author concluded that the the unit of the captive Alamanni received an official title of Celtae because the Romans used to name the German captives as more ancient people, over which the Roman won decisive and brilliant victories in previous times. This naming practice was one of the persistent peculiarities of the Late Roman military nomenclature and records management working.

LATE ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT CULTURE

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-492
Author(s):  
J. C. N. Coulston
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
New Form ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
Late Roman

The paper explores the cultural components of Late Roman military equipment through the examination of specific categories: waist belts, helmets, shields and weaponry. Hellenistic, Roman, Iron Age European, Mesopotamian- Iranian and Asiatic steppe nomad elements all played a part. The conclusion is that the whole history of Roman military equipment involved cultural inclusivity, and specifically that Late Roman equipment development was not some new form of ‘degeneration’ or ‘barbarisation’, but a positive acculturation.

RECREATING THE LATE ROMAN ARMY

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-567
Author(s):  
John Conyard
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Late Roman

This paper attempts to give some insight into the role that Roman military reconstruction archaeology can play in the understanding of Roman military equipment from Late Antiquity. It can only provide a brief introduction to some of the equipment of the Late Roman army though, and Bishop and Coulston’s Roman Military Equipment, first published in 1993 (2nd ed., 2006), must remain the standard work.1 This contribution will chiefly aim to examine how items of equipment were made, and more importantly, to consider how they were used.

Roman Military Units in Olbia

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. ZUBAR
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
First Century ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
The City

Around the middle of the first century, Olbia was under siege from the Getae. It was either destroyed or abandoned shortly before its destruction. It was only inhabited at the turn of the first century AD. It is assumed that Roman interest over Olbia only started after the middle of the first century. This chapter discusses the existence of Roman military units in Olbia during the years AD 106–111. These military units were believed to be present in Olbia to protect the city from barbarian intrusion. This assumption is established by the existence of inscribed grave-monuments and epitaphs belonging to Athenocles, and the Bosporans: indications of the attempts of the Rome to maintain its political strength and to defend the city from barbarians. Accordingly, after the collapse of the Olbian-Samartian alliance, the Roman Empire provided occasional military aid to Olbian during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. Other evidences that provide proof of the dependence of Olbia to the military aid given by the Roman military units are the presence of a Roman legionary garrison in Olbia including Thracian dedicatory reliefs.

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