Legislative Provision of Standardisation of Armaments and Military Equipment Development: International Aspect

The aim of the study was to identify objectives and measures for expansion of the system of standards in Ukraine for the development of armaments and military equipment in the context of improving national defence capabilities. The following methods were used to achieve the aim set in the study: the method of direct observation, comparison, monitoring and analysis of the content of documents that provide standardisation of armaments and military equipment at the state and interstate levels. The key results of the study were: observation and comparison of the scope of regulations that ensure the standardisation of armaments and military equipment at the national level, as well as among NATO countries; comparison and distribution of powers of the competence of executive and supervisory bodies for the development and implementation of standards. Besides, the study provides a chart of the legal background for standardisation, and directly determines the sequential logical place of the stage of development of armaments and military equipment in the life cycle. Proposals are made at the end of the study on how to increase the effectiveness of legislative provision for the standardisation of armaments and military equipment.

Ultra-Wide Bandgap in Two-Dimensional Metamaterial Embedded with Acoustic Black Hole Structures

This paper reports a type of metamaterial plate enabling in-plane ultra-wide vibration isolation in engineering equipment development. It is composed of periodic hexagonal lattice structures. The acoustic black hole (ABH) structures are embedded in each cell wall of the conventional hexagonal lattice, which results in the reduction of local stiffness in the cell wall and the local mass in the hexagonal corner. The lattice can be simplified as the form of lumped masses vibrating on springs, and two types of eigenstates can be obtained: the rotational eigenstates and the transverse eigenstates. The geometric nonlinearity of the ABH structure leads to unevenly distributed vibration modes, resulting in the ultra-wide bandgap. Experimental results prove the effective attenuation capacity. Compared with the traditional hexagonal lattice, the proposed design provides greater advantages in practical application.

Wearable Product Design for Intelligent Monitoring of Basketball Training Posture Based on Image Processing

The algorithms of wearable image processing technology equipment have certain versatility and can be widely used in popular fields such as medical treatment, factories, drone development, human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and physical education. In order to deeply study the monitoring effect of smart wearable products based on the image processing technology on basketball training postures, this article uses the product manual comparison method, data collection method, and equipment development method to collect samples and analyze and develop intelligent monitoring equipment, streamlined algorithm. And it integrated and developed a wearable product that can monitor athletes’ training posture in real time during basketball training. After the product was researched, the training program of the product was used for low-handed dribbling. The first training lasted for 3 minutes and 10 seconds, and the second training lasted for 2 minutes and 45 seconds. The prototype and manual dribbles were studied in these two cases. The results showed that the prototype reminded the participants 31 times, while the coach only reminded them 13 times due to the large number of people. By comparing the satisfaction scores of the fitness software and the products developed in this article, the score ranges from 1 to 5 points, which is very consistent with the score of 5, and it is very inconsistent with the score of 1. Through the trial of this scene, positive information was obtained. The evaluation of the prototype is generally above that of the fitness software. The number of people eager to use the prototype again is 10 times more than that of the fitness software. These data are from the first combination chart and the third combination chart. The corresponding explanations and experimental methods will be introduced in the description of these two combination charts later. The prototype can widely cater to the public’s sport preferences. It is basically realized that starting from the image processing technology, a smart monitoring wearable product with high evaluation and good effect has been designed.

FORMATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND METHODICAL BASIS TO ESTIMATE STRENGTH CORRESPONDENCE OF DOMESTIC PASSENGER CAR BODIES TO EUROPEAN STANDARD BASIS

The development of the international trade and the entrance of domestic car manufacturers into international markets required bench equipment development for tests in accordance with the requirements of the European standards. In this connection the purpose of this work is to develop an experimental and methodical basis for the estimation of the strength correspondence of export railway produce to the European standard basis. In the work there is shown a description of the bench developed for static tests of rolling stock for loads corresponding to the European standard basis. In the requirements mentioned there is used a more extended list of loads and combination of efforts and the necessity in the application of longitudinal loads to the elements of the end wall in three levels should be particularly emphasized. On the test bench there are carried out static tests of the car of model 61-4514 for Egyptian national railways and the body of the motor-rail car of model 2853 for the railway infrastructure of Serbia.

Landing in Ski Jumping: A Review About its Biomechanics and the Connected Injuries

The present review deals with the current scientific knowledge related with ski jump landing. A specific focus is given on the landing biomechanics, the methods utilized for its analysis and the injuries connected to the landing phase. Despite the demonstrated importance for the safety and the performance of ski jumpers, the landing and its preparation are rarely investigated. In this paper, after having firstly described the execution of landing and its preparation and the reason why is important to analyze it, an overview of the current status of the research related to the landing biomechanics is reported (kinetics, kinematics, electromyographic activation, aerodynamics, computer simulation). The third part describes the methods and technologies utilized in literature to analyze the landing and its preparation (video cameras, inertial sensors, force insoles, wind tunnel and computer simulation). After that, an overview of the injuries related to landing is reported. The final section proposes future research in the field of biomechanics of ski jump landing in different fields, such as computer simulations, kinematic analysis, equipment development and biomechanics of female athletes.

Personal respiratory protective equipment: development of patenting and structure of inventions in the world (2000–2019)

Relevance. When working in hazardous conditions, eliminating accidents, fires and emergencies, personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE) helps optimize working capacity and preserve the health of workers and the population. The use of RPE is especially important in epidemics spreading by airborne droplets, i.e. in the pandemic of the coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. Intention. To analyze the development of patenting and types of inventions in the field of RPE in the world over 20 years from 2000 to 2019.Methodology. The object of the research was patents for inventions, in which headings included the types of respirators and gas masks according to the International Patent Classification (IPC). It should be noted that this classification is somewhat different from that adopted in Russia. Clarivate Analytics’ Derwent Innovations patent database was searched.Results and Discussion. The created search mode made it possible to find 5006 responses to patents for inventions, in which IPC headings were presented by types of respirators and gas masks. Annually, (250 ± 11) inventions with IPC headings by RPE type were paternted worldwide. The dynamics of patenting inventions resembles an inverted U-curve with maximum rates in 2014–2015 and some decrease in the last observation period. The largest contribution to the total array of inventions by RPE type was made by patent families affiliated with the United States (43.9 %), South Korea (22 %), Japan (21.2 %), China (19 %) and the European Patent Office (18.7 %). The structure of the analyzed inventions in the world included RPEs with compressed oxygen or air (7.5 %), with breathing-controlled valves dosing the supply of oxygen or air (4.4 %), with liquid oxygen (0.9 %), with oxygen-releasing chemicals (11.3 %), with filtering elements (20.6 %), hose (2.4 %), for high-altitude aircrafts (4.8%). RPE masks and RPE helmets accounted for 44.1 % and 4 %, respectively. There were regional differences in the patenting of inventions by RPE types.Conclusion. There were quite many domestic inventions on RPE with oxygen-releasing chemicals and with filter elements; the overall contribution of patented inventions in Russia for all RPE types was 6% of the total array.

Evolution of Grain and Seed Cleaning Equipment in Russia

The authors determined that in the development of grain production technical support, the main role was played by such a system-forming factor as the transition of the country’s grain enterprises to private ownership. Over the past 30 years, private companies and individuals became grain owners (with the exception of a small share). The authors substantiated the necessity for the development of grain-seed cleaning equipment in Russia. They showed the relevance of developing a new scientific and technical policy in the field of machine development support for grain production and its optimal functioning.(Research purpose) To carry out an evolutionary analysis of grain and seed cleaning equipment development and functioning, to determine the main periods and system-forming factors of its development.(Materials and methods) The authors applied the historical-analytical method in addition to technical systems. As research objects, they studied the original works of domestic and foreign authors for more than 100 years: monographs, dissertations, reports of research institutions, machine testing stations protocols, scientific journals, conference materials, as well as descriptions for domestic and foreign patent documentation.(Results and discussion) They described the evolution of grain-seed cleaning equipment development over the past 150 years: from the simplest tools to complex machine systems of industrial flow technologies. The authors presented the main characteristics of grain-seed cleaning machines and indicators of grain mixtures separation by sieves processes at various stages.(Conclusions) The main system-forming factors influencing the technical support of grain production such as: socio-economic conditions; soil and climatic conditions; science and technology policy; organizational factors were revealed. They substantiated four stages of its development: the first (1870-1930) – the use of the simplest manual machines of foreign production; the second (1930-1950) – the birth of domestic production of grain-seed cleaning equipment; the third (1950-1991) – the transition from the use of separate machines to industrial flow technologies; the fourth (1991 – to the present) – the transition from traditional flow technology to a variety of technologies and machines.