scholarly journals The Ministry of Deaconesses in Byzantium and Projects for Its Reconstruction at the Pre-Council Conference in Russia 1906

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
Andrey Posternak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Women's Ministry ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Needy

Introduction. The order of deaconesses in Byzantium was formed by the time of the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The idea of the institutionalization of the women’s ministry was revived in the new conditions in Russia of the 19th – early 20th century because of the need for Church reforms. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the ancient order of deaconesses and the project of its reconstruction in Russia allows us to determine characteristics of the ministry and status of deaconesses that depended on the specific living conditions of the Church. The deaconesses in the Byzantine Empire were ministers of the Church: the bishop ordained widows or virgins between the ages of 40 and 60. Deaconesses kept chastity, had property rights, were assigned to a parish, helped priests at the baptism of women, and were subordinate to clergymen. By the 12th century, the female order in Byzantium disappeared, however the honorary title of deaconess could later be worn by the prioress of female monasteries. The Russian Church has never had deaconesses, but in the 19th – early 20th century projects were discussed for the reconstruction of this women’s ministry which was actively developing in the protestant tradition. The Pre-Council Conference in 1906 developed a draft of Church reforms, including the rules for orthodox deaconesses, who could be elected from active parishioners, not nuns. It was assumed that these women were supposed to keep order in the Church, help the priest in the parish, at the baptism and catechumenate of women, help the sick and the needy, in the so called “inner mission”. However, the undeveloped status of deaconesses as new ministers of the Church did not allow this project to be implemented. Results. The order of the deaconesses that disappeared in Byzantium and the attempt to restore it in Russia show that a stable institutionalization of women’s ministry took place only at a certain period in the history of the Church which needed it.

scholarly journals CHURCH DEANS’ ANNUAL REPORTS AS A SOURCE FOR REGIONAL HISTORY OF RUSSIAN IN THE 2ND HALF OF 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Николаевич Новак
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Working Out ◽  
The Church

В статье анализируется одна из функций благочинных в синодальный период - составление отчётов о состоянии приходских храмов вверенных им территорий. Анализируются как регламенты их составления, так и сами тексты за период со второй половины XIX до начала XX в. Несмотря на то, что правила их написания были достаточно четкими, сами тексты составлялись в относительно свободной форме, зависели от стараний их авторов и принятой местной традиции, а с течением времени становились все более подробными. Они отражают как специфику церковной жизни региона (например, отношение к синодальной Церкви разных этнических групп, традиционно придерживающихся иных религий), так и быта населения в целом, указывают на общие факторы, снижающие уровень религиозности и благочестия (революционные настроения, отходничество в город на заработки). Надежду на расширение научных знаний об этом виде источников автор связывает с дальнейшим изучением фондов местных духовных консисторий, куда они поступали. The author of this article analyzes one of the main functions of the deans (incl. rural deans) during the Synodal period - working out the reports on the condition in parish churches of the territories entrusted to these deans. The author examines both the regulations of making these reports as well as the text themselves, focusing on the period of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries. Despite the clear rules for writing of these repots, the texts were composed in a free form and depended on the efforts of their authors and local tradition. Over the time they turned out to be more and more detailed. They reflect both the specifics of the church life of the region (for example, attitudes towards the Synodal Church of different ethnic groups, traditionally adhering to other religions), and the life of the population as a whole. They pointed out the main factors that reduced the level of religiosity and piety (revolutionary ideas, migrations). The author connects the hope for expanding scientific knowledge about this type of sources with further study of the funds of local spiritual consistories, where these reports have been kept.

scholarly journals The Social Gospel movement revisited: Consequences for the church

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Contribution ◽  
African Churches ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

This article introduces South African churches to the reasons why elements of the late 19th and early 20th century Social Gospel movement encourages local churches to participate in their respective communities through social contribution. The article argues that the Social Gospellers understood Christian responsibility as an imperative of ‘participatio Jesu’ through social integration of living an ethos of oikoumenē. The history of the Social Gospel should be a relevant influence on mainline churches to understand the tension in the decision to participate or withdraw from social contribution today.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Portrait of a Noble Assembly Deputy in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-377
Author(s):  
Nadezhda M. Rumyantseva ◽  
◽  
Igor O. Trubitsyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

Creation in the 1990s of the general noble public organization and regional noble assemblies has inevitably raised the question of possibility of reviving class traditions, of social base and status of these public organizations, of their continuity as a social institution, of similarities and differences with corporate noble organizations of the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. The article attempts to create a general socio-economic portrait of noble assembly deputy and candidate for deputy at the turn of the 20th century. Despite extensive historiography on various aspects of the history of nobility, this topic has not been properly covered in the national and foreign scholarship. Meanwhile, creation of the collective portrait of nobility is necessary for understanding characteristics of organization and functioning of estate institutions. Comparative analysis of the records of service deposited in the archives of the St. Petersburg and Samara gubernias, data on the nobility of the Kazan gubernia has made possible to identify distinctive features of the deputy corps representatives on metropolitan and provincial levels of noble organizations. The use of prosopographic and comparative methods has made it possible to characterize the deputy corps in the regions, to reconstruct its collective portrait. Comparative analysis has been conducted on the basis of the number of years since joining the estate organization’s service and that in the office of deputy. Biographical information on the youngest and the oldest deputies is presented. The characteristic of property and family status is given. The educational level of the deputies, as well as their relationship with law is highlighted. The authors illustrate the statistics on the most important comparison criteria with striking examples. On the basis of historical reconstruction, the authors can argue that position of a deputy for nobility could have been the first or the last stage in the nobleman’s career. Distinctive feature of provincial deputy in comparison with metropolitan one is his property status. There is also an absence of the “deputy dynasties” trend in the deputy corps of the St. Petersburg gubernia, which was quite characteristic of provincial regions. The results of the study can be used to characterize the composition and activities of corporate noble organizations in the regions and in the Russian Empire as a whole. Further prospects for the study of the subject lie in the comprehensive study of the institute of noble corporations.

scholarly journals Medieval Churches in Novgorod: Aspects of archaeological investigations and museum presentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vdovichenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Veliky Novgorod is an ancient Russian medieval metropolis that formed part of the system of European trade and cultural relations. Many important monuments central to the history of the city were damaged during the first half of the 20th century. Three sites that have been the focus of recent conservation and presentation projects are discussed here; the medieval Church of the Assumption in Volotovo, St Panteleimon's Cathedral, and the Church of the Annunciation on Gorodische, a 12th-century church of great significance in medieval Russia. Archaeological excavations informed the conservation and presentation phase of each project, and the completed works have become an important element in Novgorod's tourism branding.

Public Libraries of the Vladimir and Kostroma Provinces' District Towns in the Second Half of the 19th — early 20th Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Native Population ◽  
History Of

On the history of the first public libraries in the province towns of Vladimirskaya and Kostromskaya provinces in the second half of the 17th century - early 20th century. The author considers main statistical data of libraries and analyses necessity and influence of these libraries and reading rooms on the native population.

ABOUT CUSTOMS BUSINESS IN TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th -EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Development

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan

‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech’: New Essays on the History of Archeology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
Elena V. Olimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
Controversial Nature

The article reviews O. A. Shashkova’s ‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech.’ Essays on the History of Archaeography of the 15th - Early 20th Century. Wide array of sources and broad geographical frameworks allow Shashkova to present emergence and development of Russian and European archaeography from the 15th to early 20th century intelligibly enough for educational purposes. A whole chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition and publishing of sources before Gutenberg. When considering the formation of archaeographical tradition, the author uses comparative method. O. A. Shashkova offers a historical overview and analyzes theoretical and practical issues of archaeography. The reviewer notes the significance of the chosen topic due to a need to reconsider the development of publishing in light of modern views on archaeography and to make it accessible to students and non-professionals. She notes traditional academic approach of O. A. Shashkova to presentation of the development publication practices. The review considers the possibility of using the ‘Essays...’ in studying the history of archaeography and offers possible directions for a broader consideration of historical experience, in particular, of Novikov’s publication projects. The review notes the controversial nature of the author’s approach to systematization of her large historical material in order to consider issues concerning the study of archaeographical practices. It stresses that coverage of issues of development of methods of preparation of publications separately from its historical and practical aspects hinders successful mastering of the material by an untrained reader. It concludes that the publication has high practical value for specialists in archaeography and students.

Intergenerational Wealth Transfer and the Need to Revive and Metamorphose the Israeli Estate Tax

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Wealth Transfer ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Needy

Abstract This article suggests enacting an accession tax instead of the estate duty – which was repealed in Israel in 1981. This suggestion evolves from historical and normative explorations of the tension between perceptions of familial intergenerational property rights and justifications for the “death tax,” as termed by its opponents, i.e., estate and inheritance tax. First, the Article explores this tension as expressed in the history of the Israeli Estate Duty Law. This chronological survey reveals a move from the State’s taken-for-granted interest in revenue justifying the Law’s enactment in 1949; moving on to the “needy widow” and “poor orphan” in whose name the tax was attacked during the years 1959–1964, continuing to the abolition of the tax in 1981 in the name of efficiency and the right of the testator to transfer his wealth to his family, and finally cumulating with the targeting of tycoon dynasties that characterizes the recent calls for reintroducing the tax. Next, based on the rich literature on the subject, the Article maps the arguments for and against intergenerational wealth transfer taxation, placing the Israeli case in larger philosophical, political, and pragmatic contexts. Lastly, it associates the ideas of accession tax and “social inheritance” with inspirational sources for rethinking a realistic wealth transfer taxation to bridge the gap between notions of intergenerational familial rights and intergenerational social justice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document