scholarly journals Socio-Economic Portrait of a Noble Assembly Deputy in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-377
Author(s):  
Nadezhda M. Rumyantseva ◽  
◽  
Igor O. Trubitsyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

Creation in the 1990s of the general noble public organization and regional noble assemblies has inevitably raised the question of possibility of reviving class traditions, of social base and status of these public organizations, of their continuity as a social institution, of similarities and differences with corporate noble organizations of the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. The article attempts to create a general socio-economic portrait of noble assembly deputy and candidate for deputy at the turn of the 20th century. Despite extensive historiography on various aspects of the history of nobility, this topic has not been properly covered in the national and foreign scholarship. Meanwhile, creation of the collective portrait of nobility is necessary for understanding characteristics of organization and functioning of estate institutions. Comparative analysis of the records of service deposited in the archives of the St. Petersburg and Samara gubernias, data on the nobility of the Kazan gubernia has made possible to identify distinctive features of the deputy corps representatives on metropolitan and provincial levels of noble organizations. The use of prosopographic and comparative methods has made it possible to characterize the deputy corps in the regions, to reconstruct its collective portrait. Comparative analysis has been conducted on the basis of the number of years since joining the estate organization’s service and that in the office of deputy. Biographical information on the youngest and the oldest deputies is presented. The characteristic of property and family status is given. The educational level of the deputies, as well as their relationship with law is highlighted. The authors illustrate the statistics on the most important comparison criteria with striking examples. On the basis of historical reconstruction, the authors can argue that position of a deputy for nobility could have been the first or the last stage in the nobleman’s career. Distinctive feature of provincial deputy in comparison with metropolitan one is his property status. There is also an absence of the “deputy dynasties” trend in the deputy corps of the St. Petersburg gubernia, which was quite characteristic of provincial regions. The results of the study can be used to characterize the composition and activities of corporate noble organizations in the regions and in the Russian Empire as a whole. Further prospects for the study of the subject lie in the comprehensive study of the institute of noble corporations.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Creating a Russian Agent Network in Shanghai at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Drobotushenko Evgeny V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The history of the creation of the agent network of the Russian Empire has not found comprehensive coverage in scientific publications so far. The existing research referred to specific names or mention private facts. This predetermined the relevance of the work. The object of the study is the Russian agents in China in general and in Chinese Shanghai, in particular. The subject is the study of peculiarities of the first attempts in creating Russian agent network in the city. The aim of the work is to analyze the attempt to create a network of Russian illegal agents in Shanghai in 1906–1908. The lack of materials on the problem in scientific and popular scientific publications predetermined the use of previously unknown or little-known archival sources. This is the correspondence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Russian Imperial envoy in Beijing and the Russian Consul in Shanghai stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). The main conclusion of the study was the remark about the lack of scientific elaboration, at the moment, the history of official, legal and illegal agents of the Russian Empire in Shanghai, China. Private findings suggest that, judging by the available data, creation of a serious network of agents in the city during the Russian Empire failed. The reasons for this, presumably, were several: the lack of qualified agents with knowledge of Chinese or, at least, English, who could work effectively; the lack of funds for the maintenance of agents, a small number of Russian citizens, the remoteness of Shanghai from the Russian-Chinese border, etc. A network of agents will be created in the city by the Soviet authorities by the middle of the third decade of the 20th century, and Soviet illegal agents began to work in the early 1920s. The History of Soviet agents in China and Shanghai, in particular, is studied quite well which cannot be said about the previous period. It is obvious that further serious work with archival sources is required to recreate as complete as possible the history of Russian legal and illegal agents in Shanghai in pre-Soviet times

scholarly journals Who was collecting Hebrew books in the capital of Russian Empire and why

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Shimon M. Iakerson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
Private Collections

By the beginning of the 20th century a unique collection of Hebrew manuscripts (more than 20000 units) and first printed books was formed in the capital of the Russian Empire. These books ended up in St.Petersburg as part of several private collections, such as the collection of a Protestant paleographer and Biblical scholar Konstantin von Tischendorf, of the Karaite leader Avraam Firkovich, of the Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin, of the Barons Gnzburg, of a First Guild merchant Moses Aryeh Leib Friedland and of an Orientalist Professor Daniel Chwolson. The history of these collections and the motives of the collecting activity of their owners are the subject of this article.

Muslim Social Movement on the Periphery of the Russian Empire as Viewed by a Gendarmerie Agent: Materials from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region

2018 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Marina M. Imasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

In a stand-alone fond ‘Astrakhan Gubernia Gendarmerie Department’ from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region, there are several files concerning the history of the Muslim social movement in the Astrakhan gubernia in the period between the two Russian revolutions. According to statistical data, in 1900s Astrakhan ranked second in Tatar population, falling short only of Kazan. Then and there, as in other places, institutionalization and activation of the Muslim social movement was underway. But the Astrakhan Muslim community had several specific features due to its history. First of all, it was multinational. The cosmopolitan Muslim community, the mahalla, had its own nature, and that left its imprint on the social movement in the region. The gendarmerie agent took interest in all aspects of Muslims social activity in the region: cultural and educational organizations, secular education, periodicals. The gendarmerie materials described personalities and activities of prominent Muslim figures of the early 20th century, not just of the regional, but also of the all-Russian scale. The uniqueness of the document is in its information potential for studying the Tatar and Muslim national movement in the Russian Empire, its impact on the life style of the ethno-confessional enclave of the Astrakhan Muslims, and history of its relations with gendarmerie. The author examines factors that contributed to the creation of the document, analyzes historical facts and reliability of information on different subjects, provides some interesting information on the Astrakhan Muslim social movement of the early 20th century, its leaders, etc.

scholarly journals Imperial parliament for a hybrid empire: Representative experiments in the early 20th-century Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Semyonov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Politics ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Political Solidarity

This article argues that the history of Russian constitutional and parliamentary reform in the early 20th century can be cast in a new light in view of the global transformation of political life under the challenge of imperial diversity and mass politics. The article points out that imperial diversity as a challenge to democratic government was not unique to the Russian Empire. The character of the Russian Empire was marked by peculiarities; it was shaped by composite and hybrid imperial space, which placed the challenge of imperial diversity at the center of political practices and imaginaries. The article traces the history of political reform in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century focusing on the reform of the Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the novel practices and political imaginaries of imperial diversity in the first and second State Duma. The exploration of the history of the constitutional reform in the Russian Empire of early 20th century demonstrates that rather than being absolute antagonists to representative government, Russian imperial politics and traditions of imperial sovereignty nested possibilities of compromise and redefinition of political solidarity in the space of diversity.

scholarly journals XIX Pavlenkov Readings: Book Publishing in Russia in the 19th - early 20th century

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Ol’ga N. Ilyina ◽  
Natal’ya G. Patrusheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
National Library ◽  
Publishing History ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article presents information on the International scientific conference XIX Pavlenkov Readings held on 13-15 October, 2015 in the National Library of Russia, traditionally considering the history of book publishing in pre-revolutionary Russia of the 19th - early 20th century. The conference was devoted to I. Frolova - the historian-bibliognost, a quarter of century having led the Sector of bibliology of the National Library of Russia. At the plenary session and three sections (“History of publishing, History of book collections and rare books”, “History of censorship”) there were highlighted various aspects of book culture history of the Russian Empire: issues of publishing, bookselling, history of censorship, libraries, readership, bibliophilism, and book publishing in the province. Conference

scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

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