Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in maternity hospitals of Russian Federation (the state of the problem at the beginning of the XXI century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Priputnevich ◽  
Lyudmila A. Lyubasovskaya ◽  
Marina P. Shuvalova ◽  
Elena N. Baibarina ◽  
Gennady T. Sukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Over the past decade, the healthcare system of the Russian Federation has undergone progressive changes in the system of maternity care, which relate to the development of infrastructure and the introduction of new organizational models. In particular, a three-level system of providing medical care to mothers and children has been created, including a network of perinatal centers for patients at high perinatal and obstetric risk. Field events of specialists of National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation to the medical organizations of maternity care in various regions of Russia revealed hot spots that require primary attention: acute shortage of staff for the implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic measures at the modern methodological level, as well as for ensuring epidemiological safety in the medical organizations (medical microbiologists (bacteriologists), clinical pharmacologists and epidemiologists); the lack of registration of healthcare-associated infections, which is associated with the prevailing in the country mainly punitive methods of combating hospital infections. In modern conditions of nursing preterm babies, newborns with various severe somatic and surgical pathologies, it is necessary to know the real indicators of morbidity in order to reasonably and promptly carry out therapeutic and preventive measures; the need to organize modern microbiological laboratories in the perinatal centers with the availability of fast methods (proteomic and molecular-genetic) diagnostics, allowing for microbiological monitoring in specialized departments of newborns and promptly respond to the changes in the epidemiological situation in the hospital, to prevent the development of clinically pronounced cases of healthcare-associated infections.

Analysis of the incidence of newborn's healthcare associated infections and intrauterine infections in several maternity hospitals in Moscow

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
M. V. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

Purpose of the study. To estimate the incidence of newborn's healthcare associated infections (HAI) and intrauterine infections in the Russian Federation, Moscow and three maternity hospitals in Moscow. Materials and methods. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of neonates HAIs and intrauterine infections during 2008–2017 was performed in the Russian Federation and Moscow and during 2009–2017 in three maternity hospitals (MH) in Moscow. In this study the maternity hospitals would be known as MH № X01, № X02 and № X03. Also, in this study, the calculation and analysis of the proportion of cases of newborn's HAIs and intrauterine infections with laboratory confirmation were performed in Moscow's maternity hospitals. The data was selected from Form № 2 for the Russian Federation and Moscow. Also, the data of the maternity hospitals was drawn from the base of the Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Moscow. The morbidity rate of HAIs and intrauterine infections of newborns was counted on 1,000 newborns. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software packages were used for this purpose. The calculation of the increase / decrease rate was made by the method of least squares. Results. The incidence of intrauterine infections and HAIs of newborns in the Russian Federation, Moscow, and maternity hospitals is characterized by the next mutual trends – a significant dominance cases of intrauterine infections' over the cases of HAI, extremely irregular registration and distribution of the nosologies' proportion. Concerning to the dynamics of morbidity during 2009–2017 in maternity hospitals in Moscow, the HAIs newborn's incidence has tendency of decline, and intrauterine infections has considerable increase of the incidence. This consistent pattern is observed in all described maternity hospitals. The structure of the incidence in maternity hospitals is similar to each other. The leading diagnoses among intrauterine infections are intrauterine infection without a lesion and intrauterine pneumonia. The interest of other infections is about 1%. The proportion of cases with laboratory confirmation of the newborn's HAIs and intrauterine infections is extremely small. Besides that, there were identified some indirect signs of poor-quality registration of nosocomial infections. Conclusion. Significant difference in the number of cases of newborn's HAIs and intrauterine infections and their multidirectional incidence trends, once again point to the concealment of a part of nosocomial infections, under such diagnoses, as intrauterine infection without a lesion and intrauterine pneumonia. Laboratory confirmation of cases of HAIs and intrauterine infections in the maternity hospitals is carried out only by a small proportion of patients. Thereby, the incidence rates of HAIs of newborns and intrauterine infections in maternity hospitals in Moscow raise doubts about their reliability.

Molecular genetic diagnostics of Bardet-Biedl syndrome with an MPS-panel

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
М.Д. Орлова ◽  
П. Гундорова ◽  
А.В. Поляков
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Bardet Biedl Syndrome ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Development Delay ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
First Time

Синдром Барде-Бидля - аутосомно-рецессивное заболевание, характеризующееся ожирением, пигментной дегенерацией сетчатки, полидактилией, задержкой психоречевого развития и структурными повреждениями почек. В работе представлены результаты применения МПС-панели, включающей кодирующие последовательности и прилегающие интронные области 21 гена, ассоциированного с синдромом Барде-Бидля. Впервые была проведена молекулярно-генетическая диагностика в группе из сорока российских пациентов с синдромом Барде-Бидля из неродственных семей. В результате исследования удалось подтвердить диагноз молекулярно-генетическим методом у 40% пациентов (n=16). В генах BBS1, BBS7 и BBS10 встретились повторяющиеся варианты. Частота встречаемости патогенных и вероятно патогенных вариантов в генах BBS1 и BBS10 у российских пациентов соответствует зарубежным данным. Варианты в гене BBS7 встретились у пяти человек, у четырех из них был обнаружен патогенный вариант c.1967_1968delTAinsC, не встречающийся в других популяциях. Результаты, представленные в статье, показывают значительный вклад в заболеваемость синдромом Барде-Бидля в российской популяции патогенных вариантов в гене BBS7. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, development delay, and structural kidney defects. This study shows the results of using an MPS panel that includes coding sequences and intronic areas of 21 genes associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. For the first time molecular genetic testing has been provided for the group of 40 Russian patiens with Bardet-Biedl syndrome from unrelated families. As a result of the testing, diagnoses were confirmed for 40% of the patients (n=16). The genes BBS1, BBS7, BBS10 had recurrent variants. The frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the genes BBS1 and BBS10 among Russian patients matches the research data in other countries. Variants in the BBS7 gene were found for five people, four of them had a pathogenic variant c.1967_1968delTAinsC, which is not present among other populations. Results provided in this article show the significant role of pathogenic variants in the BBS7 gene in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Russian population.

METHODS OF MOLECULAR GENETIC DIAGNOSTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN THE HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
O.A. ORLOVA ◽  
M.N. ZAMYATIN ◽  
N.A. UMZUNOVA ◽  
N.N. LASHENKOVA ◽  
V.G. AKIMKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diagnostics

Incidence of healthcare-associated infections among puerperas and newborns in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
O. A. Orlova ◽  
Yu. A. Abramov ◽  
V. G. Akimkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Puerperal Sepsis ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

One of the leading problems of modern public health is healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which lead to significant social and economic damage, and affect the quality of medical care. The proportion of HAIs in obstetric institutions among all the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for 9 years decreased by 1.7 times. The number of puerperas of HAIs decreased by 1.4 times, and HAIs of newborns decreased by 1.6 times. The proportion of puerperal sepsis in the structure of purulent-septic infections of puerperas is 1.7 ± 0.5 %, and sepsis of newborns is 4.4 ± 1.5 %. The average incidence of puerperas of IUPS was 2.0 ± 2.1 per 1,000 births. The incidence of HAIs in newborns was 2.0 ± 1.8 per 1,000 newborns. The ratio of HAIs of newborns to intrauterine infections on average was 1: 9, and in some regions 1:2–1:150. The obtained data on the incidence of HAIs in puerperas and newborns indicates the insufficiency of a systematic approach to recording, analyzing and predicting the incidence of HAIs, which requires a detailed development of standard epidemiological definitions of the case HAIs of puerperas and newborns, intrauterine infections of newborns, as well as a detailed analysis of risk factors for the development of HAIs in obstetric facilities.

scholarly journals Introduction to Molecular Genetic Diagnostics / UVOD U MOLEKULARNU GENETIČU DIJAGNOSTIKU

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Novaković ◽  
Nela Maksimović ◽  
Aleksandra Pavlović ◽  
Milena Žarković ◽  
Branislav Rovčanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Genetic Testing ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Modern Medical Practice

Summary Molecular genetic testing is part of modern medical practice. DNA tests are an essential part of diagnostics and genetic counseling in single gene diseases, while their application in polygenic disorders is still limited. Pharmacogenetics studies DNA variants associated with variations in drug efficacy and toxicity, and tests in this field are being developed rapidly. The main method for molecular genetic testing is the polymerase chain reaction, with a number of modifications. New methods, such as next generation sequencing and DNA microarray, should allow simultaneous analysis of a number of genes, even whole genome sequencing. Ethical concerns in molecular genetic testing are very important, along with legislation. After molecular genetic testing, interpretation of results and genetic counseling should be done by professionals. With the example of thrombophilia, we discuss questions about genetic testing, its possibilities and promises.

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