Assessment of dietary diversity of rural women of reproductive age

Diet diversity has an important role in the prevention and treatment of anemia. Based on formative research in the community and the theory of normative social behavior, we designed an intervention to improve diet diversity among women of reproductive age. Our study, the Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project, investigated the effect of a social norms-based intervention on diet diversity among women of reproductive age. We randomized villages in Odisha, India, into treatment or control arms, with a minimum of one village buffer between them. We assessed exposure to the intervention by frequency of self-reported images seen from the participatory learning modules, videos watched, and number of hemoglobin tests administered. We assessed diet diversity with the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) questionnaire. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the associations between intervention and diet diversity, adjusting for covariates. Compared with baseline, diet diversity score increased in both treatment and control groups. The odds of having a diverse diet was 47% higher in the treatment group. Higher level of exposure to the RANI intervention was associated with a better diet diversity score, indicating that the intervention was effective in improving diet quality.

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The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Indicator Is Related to Household Food Insecurity and Farm Production Diversity: Evidence from Rural Mali

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura Adubra ◽

Mathilde Savy ◽

Sonia Fortin ◽

Yves Kameli ◽

Niamké Ezoua Kodjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Farm Production ◽

Household Food ◽

Production Diversity ◽

Minimum Dietary Diversity

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Depression among women of reproductive age in rural Bangladesh is linked to food security, diets and nutrition

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 660-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thalia M Sparling ◽

Jillian L Waid ◽

Amanda S Wendt ◽

Sabine Gabrysch

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Food Groups ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Dominance Analysis ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition

AbstractObjective:To quantify the relationship between screening positive for depression and several indicators of the food and nutrition environment in Bangladesh.Design:We used cross-sectional data from the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition (FAARM) trial in Bangladesh to examine the association of depression in non-peripartum (NPW) and peripartum women (PW) with food and nutrition security using multivariable logistic regression and dominance analysis.Setting:Rural north-eastern Bangladesh.Participants:Women of reproductive age.Results:Of 2599 women, 40 % were pregnant or up to 1 year postpartum, while 60 % were not peripartum. Overall, 20 % of women screened positive for major depression. In the dominance analysis, indicators of food and nutrition security were among the strongest explanatory factors of depression. Food insecurity (HFIAS) and poor household food consumption (FCS) were associated with more than double the odds of depression (HFIAS: NPW OR = 2·74 and PW OR = 3·22; FCS: NPW OR = 2·38 and PW OR = 2·44). Low dietary diversity (<5 food groups) was associated with approximately double the odds of depression in NPW (OR = 1·80) and PW (OR = 1·99). Consumption of dairy, eggs, fish, vitamin A-rich and vitamin C-rich foods was associated with reduced odds of depression. Anaemia was not associated with depression. Low BMI (<18·5 kg/m2) was also associated with depression (NPW: OR = 1·40).Conclusions:Depression among women in Bangladesh was associated with many aspects of food and nutrition security, also after controlling for socio-economic factors. Further investigation into the direction of causality and interventions to improve diets and reduce depression among women in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed.

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Micronutrient Status and Dietary Diversity of Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Pakistan

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3407

Author(s):

Anna K. M. Brazier ◽

Nicola M. Lowe ◽

Mukhtiar Zaman ◽

Babar Shahzad ◽

Heather Ohly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Plasma Zinc ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Rural Pakistan ◽

Micronutrient Status ◽

Iron Deficient

Consuming a diverse diet is essential to ensure an adequate intake of micronutrients. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and dietary diversity of women of reproductive age (WRA) living in a marginalized community in rural Pakistan. Forty-seven WRA (35 ± 7 years old) who were not pregnant or lactating at enrollment, were recruited to participate in the study. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall interviews were conducted by the study nutritionist, and the data collected were used to create a minimum dietary diversity for women score (MDD-W) on five occasions during the monsoon and winter seasons (October to February). Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry and biochemical markers of micronutrient status. Height and weight were used to determine body mass index (BMI), and mid-upper-arm circumference was measured. Plasma zinc, iron, and selenium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled mass spectrometry, and iron status was assessed using serum ferritin and blood hemoglobin concentrations. The mean (±SD) food group diversity score was 4 ± 1 with between 26% and 41% of participants achieving an MDD-W of 5. BMI was 27.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 with 28% obese, 34% overweight, and 6% underweight. The prevalence of zinc deficiency, based on plasma zinc concentration, was 29.8%; 17% of the participants had low plasma selenium levels; 8.5% were iron deficient; and 2% were suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The findings indicate that the women living in this community consume a diet that has a low diversity, consistent with a diet low in micronutrients, and that zinc deficiency is prevalent. Public health interventions aimed at increasing the dietary diversity of WRA are needed to improve the micronutrient intake, particularly of zinc, in this population.

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Analysis of the Effect of Dietary Diversity on Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age in Senegal

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine ◽

10.4236/ojpm.2019.910011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 (10) ◽

pp. 115-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tine Jean Augustin Diegane ◽

Faye Adama

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age

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Determinants of rural-urban differences in health care provider visits among women of reproductive age in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0240700 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0240700

Author(s):

Hyunjung Lee ◽

Ashley H. Hirai ◽

Ching-Ching Claire Lin ◽

John E. Snyder

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Rural Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

County Level ◽

Care Providers ◽

Provider Type ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age

Background Rural health disparities and access gaps may contribute to higher maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Understanding and addressing access barriers for specialty women’s health services is important in mitigating risks for adverse childbirth events. The objective of this study was to investigate rural-urban differences in health care access for women of reproductive age by examining differences in past-year provider visit rates by provider type, and quantifying the contributing factors to these findings. Methods and findings Using a nationally-representative sample of reproductive age women (n = 37,026) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2010–2015) linked to the Area Health Resource File, rural-urban differences in past-year office visit rates with health care providers were examined. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis quantified the portion of disparities explained by individual- and county-level sociodemographic and provider supply characteristics. Overall, there were no rural-urban differences in past-year visits with women’s health providers collectively (65.0% vs 62.4%), however differences were observed by provider type. Rural women had lower past-year obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN) visit rates than urban women (23.3% vs. 26.6%), and higher visit rates with family medicine physicians (24.3% vs. 20.9%) and nurse practitioners/physician assistants (NPs/PAs) (24.6% vs. 16.1%). Lower OB-GYN availability in rural versus urban counties (6.1 vs. 13.7 providers/100,000 population) explained most of the rural disadvantage in OB-GYN visit rates (83.8%), and much of the higher family physician (80.9%) and NP/PA (50.1%) visit rates. Other individual- and county-level characteristics had smaller effects on rural-urban differences. Conclusion Although there were no overall rural-urban differences in past-year visit rates, the lower OB-GYN availability in rural areas appears to affect the types of health care providers seen by women. Whether rural women are receiving adequate specialized women’s health care services, while seeing a different cadre of providers, warrants further investigation and has particular relevance for women experiencing high-risk pregnancies and deliveries.

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