Americas’ opioid/psychostimulant epidemic would benefit from general population early identification of genetic addiction risk especially in children of alcoholics (COAs)

Abstract Background Patients who suffer a sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may be preceded by warning symptoms and healthcare system contact. Though, is currently difficult early identification of sudden cardiac arrest patients. Purpose We aimed to examine contacts with the healthcare system up to two weeks and one year before OHCA. Methods OHCA patients were identified from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2001–2014). The pattern of healthcare contacts (with either general practitioner (GP) or hospital) within the year prior to OHCA of OHCA patients was compared with that of 9 sex- and age-matched controls from the background general population. Additionally, we evaluated characteristics of OHCA patients according to the type of healthcare contact (GP/hospital/both/no-contact) and the including characteristics of contacts, within two weeks prior their OHCA event. Results Out of 28,955 OHCA patients (median age of 72 (62–81) years and with 67% male) of presumed cardiac cause, 16,735 (57.8%) contacted the healthcare system (GP and hospital) within two weeks prior to OHCA. From one year before OHCA, the weekly percentages of contacts to GP were relatively constant (26%) until within 2 weeks prior to OHCA where they markedly increased (54%). In comparison, 14% of the general population contacted the GP during the same period (Figure). The weekly percentages of contacts with hospitals gradually increased in OHCA patients from 3.5% to 6.5% within 6 months, peaking at the second week (6.8%), prior to OHCA. In comparison, only 2% of the general population had a hospital contact in that period (Figure). Within 2 weeks of OHCA, patients contacted GP mainly by telephone (71.6%). Hospital diagnoses were heterogenous, where ischemic heart disease (8%) and heart failure (4.5%) were the most frequent. Conclusions There is an increase in healthcare contacts prior to “sudden” OHCA and overall, 54% of OHCA-patients had contacted GP within 2 weeks before the event. This could have implications for developing future strategies for early identification of patients prior to their cardiac arrest. Figure 1. The weekly percentages of contacts to GP (red) and hospital (blue) within one year before OHCA comparing the OHCA cases to the age- and sex-matched control population (N cases = 28,955; N controls = 260,595). Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Union's Horizon 2020

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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Associated with Systemic Sclerosis: Diagnostic and Clinical Challenges

International Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1155/2011/976427 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Cristina Rigamonti ◽

Dimitrios P. Bogdanos ◽

Maria G. Mytilinaiou ◽

Daniel S. Smyk ◽

Eirini I. Rigopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

General Population ◽

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽

Early Identification ◽

Case Reports ◽

Biliary Cirrhosis ◽

Antimitochondrial Antibodies ◽

Favorable Prognosis ◽

Limited Systemic Sclerosis

Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) often have concurrent limited systemic sclerosis (SSc). Conversely, up to one-fourth of SSc patients are positive for PBC-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). The mechanisms responsible for the co-occurrence of these diseases are largely unknown. Genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and infectious factors appear to be important for the pathogenesis of the disease, but the hierarchy of events are not well defined. Patients with SSc and PBC have an increased morbidity and mortality compared with the general population, but whether the presence of both diseases in an affected individual worsens the prognosis and/or outcome of either disease is not clear. Some case reports suggested that the presence of SSc in PBC patents is associated with a more favorable prognosis of the liver disease, whereas others report an increased mortality in patients with PBC and SSc compared to patients with PBC alone. This paper discusses the features of patients with PBC-associated SSc. Our aims are to clarify some of the pathogenetic, diagnostic, and clinical challenges that are currently faced in the routine management of these patients. We also intend to provide some practical hints for practitioners that will assist in the early identification of patients with PBC-associated SSc.

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Is early identification of children of alcoholics necessary for preventive intervention? Reaction to Havey and Dodd

Journal of School Psychology ◽

10.1016/0022-4405(95)95852-z ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 327-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bonnie K. Nastasi

Keyword(s):

Early Identification ◽

Preventive Intervention ◽

Children Of Alcoholics

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Vulnerability to Psychosis, Ideas of Reference and Evaluation with an Implicit Test

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8111956 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1956

Author(s):

Pedro Bendala-Rodríguez ◽

Cristina Senín-Calderón ◽

Leonardo Peluso-Crespi ◽

Juan F. Rodríguez-Testal

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

General Population ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Early Identification ◽

Implicit Test ◽

Evaluation Instrument ◽

Identification Of Persons ◽

The Relationship ◽

Slight Advantage ◽

The Continuum

Background: Ideas of reference (IRs) are observed in the general population on the continuum of the psychotic phenotype (as a type of psychotic-like experiences, PLE). The instruments usually used to evaluate IRs show some problems: They depend on the cooperation of the participant, comprehension of items, social desirability, etc. Aims: The Testal emotional counting Stroop (TECS) was developed for the purpose of improving evaluation of individuals vulnerable to psychosis and its relationship with ideas of reference. The TECS (two versions) was applied as an implicit evaluation instrument for IRs and related processes for early identification of persons vulnerable to psychosis and to test the possible influence of emotional symptomatology. Method: A total of 160 participants (67.5% women) from the general population were selected (Mean (M) = 24.12 years, standard deviation (SD) = 5.28), 48 vulnerable and 112 non-vulnerable. Results: Vulnerability to psychosis was related to greater latency in response to referential stimuli. Version 4 of the TECS showed a slight advantage in identifying more latency in response to referential stimuli among participants with vulnerability to psychosis (Cohen’s d = 1.08). Emotional symptomatology (especially stress), and IQ (premorbid) mediated the relationship between vulnerability and IR response latency. Conclusions: The application of the implicit Testal emotional counting Stroop test (TECS) is useful for evaluating processes related to vulnerability to psychosis, as demonstrated by the increased latency of response to referential stimuli.

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Psychophysiological Characteristics of Children with Dyslexia

Education, Language and Sociology Research ◽

10.22158/elsr.v1n1p61 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. p61

Author(s):

Pop-Jordanova N ◽

Markovska-Simoska S ◽

Loleska S ◽

Loleski M.

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Early Identification ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Learning Disorder ◽

Neurological Development ◽

Specific Learning Disorder ◽

The Right ◽

Specific Learning

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to decoding problems for letters and words. Statistics shows that 5-10% of the general population has dyslexia. The aetiology of reading disorder supposes some biological causes and morphological markers useful in the classification and early identification of the problem.The aim of this article is to find appropriate parameters, which will be useful for early diagnosis and finding the right modalities for treatment.Our findings about QEEG characteristics are not conclusive. However, slowing of brain activity in dyslexic children appeared to be confirmed. These findings lead to the possible hypothesis of delay in neurological development of these children. Significant theta/beta ratio suggest possible comorbidity with ADHD.Further research with more children included is proposed.

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Subclinical psychosis syndromes in the general population: results from a large-scale epidemiological survey among residents of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796013000681 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 69-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

W. Rössler ◽

V. Ajdacic-Gross ◽

H. Haker ◽

S. Rodgers ◽

M. Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Early Identification ◽

Large Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Symptom Clusters ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Low Education ◽

Subclinical Psychosis

Aims.Prevalence and covariates of subclinical psychosis have gained increased interest in the context of early identification and treatment of persons at risk for psychosis.Methods.We analysed 9829 adults representative of the general population within the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Two psychosis syndromes, derived from the SCL-90-R, were applied: ‘schizotypal signs’ and ‘schizophrenia nuclear symptoms’.Results.Only a few subjects (13.2%) reported no schizotypal signs. While 33.2% of subjects indicated mild signs, only a small proportion (3.7%) reported severe signs. A very common outcome was no ‘schizophrenia nuclear symptoms’ (70.6%). Although 13.5% of the participants reported mild symptoms, severe nuclear symptoms were very rare (0.5%). Because these two syndromes were only moderately correlated (r = 0.43), we were able to establish sufficiently distinct symptom clusters. Schizotypal signs were more closely connected to distress than was schizophrenia nuclear symptoms, even though their distribution types were similar. Both syndromes were associated with several covariates, such as alcohol and tobacco use, being unmarried, low education level, psychopathological distress and low subjective well-being.Conclusions.Subclinical psychosis symptoms are quite frequent in the general population but, for the most part, are not very pronounced. In particular, our data support the notion of a continuous Wald distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Our findings have enabled us to confirm the usefulness of these syndromes as previously assessed in other independent community samples. Both can appropriately be associated with well-known risk factors of schizophrenia.

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A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1201.26 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Donald L. McCanna ◽

Giacinto DeLapa

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Early Identification ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Upper Elementary ◽

Elementary Grades ◽

Ability Level ◽

Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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The Need for Aggressive Pursuit of Healthy Childhood Voices

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2001.102 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 102-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Joel C. Kahane ◽

Robert Mayo

Keyword(s):

Early Identification ◽

Voice Disorders ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Aggressive Management ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Current Incidence

In this paper we argue for the aggressive management of voice disorders. Aggressive management includes early identification, prevention, and treatment of voice disorders. The argument for aggressive management is supported by current incidence trends, laryngologists' expectations, and the benefits of prevention programs.

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