scholarly journals “Abstraction as a World Language”: Kassel documenta and German Art Policy in 1950s

2010 ◽  
Vol null (34) ◽  
pp. 165-200
Author(s):  
이현애
Keyword(s):  
World Language ◽  
Art Policy ◽  
German Art

“Socialist Realist” Critiques of Neoliberal “Shock Therapy”

2019 ◽  
pp. 431-451
Author(s):  
April A. Eisman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
East Germany ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
German Art ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
East German ◽  
Insight Into

This article focuses on the East German artistic response to the 1973 putsch in Chile, an event now recognized as foundational in the development of neoliberalism. Outraged and saddened, artists in East Germany responded to the putsch with thousands of works of art. These works disrupt Western expectations for East German art, which was far more modern and complex than the term “socialist realism” might suggest. They also offer insight into the horrors of the putsch and remind us that there have been—and can once again be—alternatives to neoliberal capitalism. In addition to creating prints, paintings, and sculptures, East German artists organized solidarity events to raise money for Chile and spearheaded a book project with artists from sixteen communist and capitalist countries to document the event and losses suffered. This article ultimately shows that communist visual culture can serve as a model for art as an activist practice.

scholarly journals Free access to antiretroviral treatment and protection against the risk of catastrophic health expenditure in people living with HIV: evidence from Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwân-al-Qays Bousmah ◽  
Marie Libérée Nishimwe ◽  
Christopher Kuaban ◽  
Sylvie Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Free Access ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Policy ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To foster access to care and reduce the burden of health expenditures on people living with HIV (PLHIV), several sub-Saharan African countries, including Cameroon, have adopted a policy of removing HIV-related fees, especially for antiretroviral treatment (ART). We investigate the impact of Cameroon’s free antiretroviral treatment (ART) policy, enacted in May 2007, on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) risk according to socioeconomic status, in PLHIV enrolled in the country’s treatment access program. Methods Based on primary data from two cross-sectional surveys of PLHIV outpatients in 2006–2007 and 2014 (i.e., before and after the policy’s implementation, respectively), we used inverse propensity score weighting to reduce covariate imbalances between participants in both surveys, combined with probit regressions of CHE incidence. The analysis included participants treated with ART in one of the 11 HIV services common to both surveys (n = 1275). Results The free ART policy was associated with a significantly lower risk of CHE only in the poorest PLHIV while no significant effect was found in lower-middle or upper socioeconomic status PLHIV. Unexpectedly, the risk of CHE was higher in those with middle socioeconomic status after the policy’s implementation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Cameroon’s free ART policy is pro-poor. As it only benefitted PLHIV with the lowest socioeconomic status, increased comprehensive HIV care coverage is needed to substantially reduce the risk of CHE and the associated risk of impoverishment for all PLHIV.

scholarly journals Understanding the Reasons for Deferring ART Among Patients Diagnosed Under the Same-Day-ART Policy in Johannesburg, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Onoya ◽  
Tembeka Sineke ◽  
Idah Mokhele ◽  
Jacob Bor ◽  
Matthew P. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Art Policy ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Treat All

AbstractWe aimed to examine the correlates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) deferral to inform ART demand creation and retention interventions for patients diagnosed with HIV during the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) policy in South Africa. We conducted a cohort study enrolling newly diagnosed HIV-positive adults (≥ 18 years), at four primary healthcare clinics in Johannesburg between October 2017 and August 2018. Patients were interviewed immediately after HIV diagnosis, and ART initiation was determined through medical record review up to six-months post-test. ART deferral was defined as not starting ART six months after HIV diagnosis. Participants who were not on ART six-months post-test were traced and interviewed telephonically to determine reasons for ART deferral. Modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate correlates of six-months ART deferral. We adjusted for baseline demographic and clinical factors. We present crude and adjusted risk ratios (aRR) associated with ART deferral. Overall, 99/652 (15.2%) had deferred ART by six months, 20.5% men and 12.2% women. Baseline predictors of ART deferral were older age at diagnosis (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.5 for 30–39.9 vs 18–29.9 years, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0–2.2), disclosure of intentions to test for HIV (aRR 2.2 non-disclosure vs disclosure to a partner/spouse, 95% CI: 1.4–3.6) and HIV testing history (aRR 1.7 for  > 12 months vs < 12 months/no prior test, 95% CI: 1.0–2.8). Additionally, having a primary house in another country (aRR 2.1 vs current house, 95% CI: 1.4–3.1) and testing alone (RR 4.6 vs partner/spouse support, 95% CI: 1.2–18.3) predicted ART deferral among men. Among the 43/99 six-months interviews, women (71.4%) were more likely to self-report ART initiation than men (RR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.8) and participants who relocated within SA (RR 2.1 vs not relocated, 95% CI: 1.2–3.5) were more likely to still not be on ART. Under the treat-all ART policy, nearly 15.2% of study participants deferred ART initiation up to six months after the HIV diagnosis. Our analysis highlighted the need to pay particular attention to patients who show little social preparation for HIV testing and mobile populations.

scholarly journals Teaching Critical Vocabulary to Filipino Heritage Language Learners

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Jayson Parba
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
World Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
L1 And L2

Engaging in critical dialogues in language classrooms that draw on critical pedagogical perspectives can be challenging for learners because of gaps in communicative resources in their L1 and L2. Since critically oriented classrooms involve discussing social issues, students are expected to deploy “literate talk” to engage in critiquing society and a wide range of texts. Although recent studies have explored teachers’ and students’ engagement with critical materials and critical dialogues, research that explores language development in critical language teaching remains a concern for language teachers. In this paper, I share my experience of fostering language development, specifically the overt teaching of critical vocabulary to students of (Tagalog-based) Filipino language at a university in Hawai’i. Through a discussion of racist stereotypes targeting Filipinos and the impacts of these discourses on students’ lived experiences, the notion of “critical vocabulary” emerges as an important tool for students to articulate the presence of and to dismantle oppressive structures of power, including everyday discourses supporting the status quo. This paper defines critical vocabulary and advances its theoretical and practical contribution to critical language teaching. It also includes students’ perspectives of their language development and ends with pedagogical implications for heritage/world language teachers around the world.

How words make the world: language materialities and the circulation of the Sakha algys

Multilingua ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenanne Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
World Language ◽  
Material World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article investigates contemporary uses of the Sakha language algys (blessing poems) and reveals the “old” and “new” types of language materiality present in this genre of ritual poetry. Focusing primarily on one example of algys shared online in 2018, I discuss how performing algys has always involved close interconnection between language and the material world and present the changing contexts and forms of algys transmission that highlight both fixity and fluidity in the way speakers conceive of language and materiality. Despite the new mobilities and technologies that build upon the previously established written textual forms of this poetry—and contribute to its continued circulation and transmission—certain elements of traditional algys remains salient for speakers, reinforced by ideologies or ontologies of language that foreground the power of the (spoken) word. This is connected to the production of qualia and the invocation of chronotopes. Thus, while textual forms further enable processes of citationality as they are circulated online; the written words alone do not constitute an algys. Rather, here the importance of embodied, spoken language materiality is at the fore.

English in Slovenia: status, functions, and features

English Today ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Špela MeŽek
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World Language ◽  
Slovene Language ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Media ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTSlovenia, like many former Eastern bloc countries, is now coming to terms with the increasing popularity of English.Today English is the most widely used foreign language in Europe. It is used in business, education, science, the media, advertisements, music, graffiti, and in many other places, although its greatest use can be found in commerce, culture, science and education (Phillipson, 2003). The presence of English is felt more in some parts of Europe than in others, however. In the Scandinavian countries, for example, English manifests itself in all parts of society and the knowledge of English is so high that some consider it a second language (McArthur, 1996). In Eastern Europe, the acquisition and use of English has traditionally not been as widespread, although in recent years, the picture has changed greatly, as English has become more and more popular in what were formerly Eastern bloc countries.In many ways Slovenia has been following the trends in other Central and Eastern European countries. The influence of English has been growing since the Second World War and in particular after the end of the Cold War. Its influence has intensified even more after Slovenia became an independent country. Today, Slovenes feel both cautious and enthusiastic about English. There is extensive legislation to protect the Slovene language, while at the same time there is a ‘certain enthusiasm for both “western” ideas and the world language, English’ (Schlick, 2003: 4).

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