scholarly journals Realization of the Benefits from the Functioning of Municipal Electric Transport in the Taxation of the Property of Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-427
Author(s):  
E. V. Leontev ◽  
◽  
I. A. Mayburov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Benefit Principle ◽  
The Cost

The problem of introducing the benefit principle into local taxation for the implementation of investment projects for the development of municipal public transport is extremely relevant. Today, however, such projects are financed by the lump-sum method, which creates prerequisites for an even greater distortion of the benefit principle. Public transport being as an element of local public goods, there is a strict binding to the locality, which makes it difficult for taxpayers living outside such zones to use it. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of introducing the benefit principle into the taxation of property owned by private individuals in the case of the city of Yekaterinburg by establishing the dependence of the availability of tram stops on the capitalization of the cost of residential real estate. In this study, we intend to confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of using a differentiated property tax rate, which will allow us to introduce various tax instruments for a fairer and fiscally more efficient tax model that provides for additional taxation of residents who benefit the most from electric municipal transport. Calculations were carried out by comparing the homogeneity of the price reaction to the proximity of tram stops when zoning by type of real estate and without such zoning. The calculations have shown that the capitalization of the proximity of tram stops in the cost of housing in Yekaterinburg fits both into the static and dynamic equilibrium model. At the same time, the model with zones previously combined by type of real estate showed more uniform results in terms of the degree of influence of the proximity of tram stops on the cost of housing. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify geographically isolated zones in Yekaterinburg with the most smoothed effect of the interaction between the objects of the proximity of tram stops on the price of real estate. These zones are also ready-made fiscal zones with an increased property tax, the protected proceeds from which should become a source for the creation of new transport infrastructure of the zone. The hypothesis of the study is confirmed. This model of taxation provides a high level of fairness; at the same time it is practically applicable in the conditions of Yekaterinburg.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Public Transport Accessibility on the Value of Urban Residential Real Estate

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
E. V. Leontev ◽  
◽  
I. A. Mayburov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Currently, analysis of the impact of public transport on real estate and its value is widely demanded in the world. The analysis is used to plan investments in public transport and the efficiency of public transport networks. In Russia, such studies have been carried out mainly in the framework of the evaluation of specific properties, which does not make it possible to macroanalyze the urban public transport environment and compare them with each other. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the proximity of public transport infrastructure on the cost of urban residential real estate, to determine the average value of such an impact for Yekaterinburg. In this study, we intend to confirm the hypothesis about different influence of the proximity of a public transport stop on the cost of housing, taking into account the different set of attributes that characterize it. The calculations were carried out using the analysis of the supply of the real estate market, carried out with the method of multiple regression, simultaneously with the geo-positioning of real estate units on the map to calculate the distance of each object to the nearest public transport stop of a certain type. Based on the results of the calculations, a global tendency towards a higher cost of the properties that are close to tram stops or metro stations in Yekaterinburg is confirmed, and the share of the value of a property generated by the proximity of a public transport stop was calculated. The authors confirmed the hypothesis about varying sensitivity of residential real estate to the proximity of public transport stops. Newer homes have lower sensitivity to proximity to public transport stops than older ones. The obtained empirical evidence of the influence of public transport infrastructure on the value of residential real estate demonstrates the most significant contribution to the value of a real estate object, the proximity to the metro station in Yekaterinburg (3.0 – 12.0%). The tram infrastructure showed a slightly lower impact on the total cost of the facility (3.2 – 8.8%). The revealed interdependencies make it possible to apply the obtained data to forecasting the growth of the taxable base for property tax during the construction of new transport lines.

scholarly journals MODELING CHANGES IN THE MARKET VALUE OF THE PROPERTY DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF MAJOR ROAD TRANSPORT FACILITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Maria Vyatkina ◽  
Alexey Dubrovsky ◽  
Anatoly Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

Transport infrastructure of the city affects the cadastral value of real estate. Transport accessibility of real estate affects the investment attractiveness of land. Transport accessibility increases the market value of the property. Modeling changes in the market value of real estate is an urgent task. Increasing the cadastral value of real estate and tax payments forms a model of investment in transport infrastructure. The article describes an example of modeling the increase in the price of land near the Central bridge of the city of Novosibirsk. The construction of the Central bridge is planned in 2019–2022. The new bridge increases the value of real estate. The cost of land increases by 50–100 %. The scheme of location of price zones is made. The increasing coefficients in the range from 1 to 2 are determined. Investors are given information about the increase in the value of land after the construction of the bridge. The payback period of construction projects is calculated.

scholarly journals VISUAL NAVIGATION IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OF THE CITY OF KHARKIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (163) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
N. Vergunova ◽  
V. Golius ◽  
A. Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Visual Navigation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
The City

The urban environment of many cities in Ukraine is characterized by oversaturation and unstructured information and advertising elements, as well as a lack of information and guidance tools, which leads to some discomfort in the stay of both citizens and guests of the cities of our country. The relevance of this issue encourages researchers in the field of design theory to carefully analyze the evolution of graphical navigation systems for identifying their further development. The infrastructure of public transport in Kharkiv, taking into account the growing number of routes and vehicles that provide passenger transportation, needs to develop a set of visual navigation by means of graphic design. The aim of research reveals the necessity of development the comprehensive design of visual navigation in the infrastructure of public transport in Kharkiv. The results can be used to find the optimal solutions of graphic sign systems that may become the basis of visual communications in a dynamically developing urban environment at present stage. The scientific paper describes some of the foreign projects in terms of forming a visual system for the transport infrastructure of the city. Analysis of world experience in the field of navigation systems and trends in public transport indicates the need for an integrated approach to the development of visual navigation. This is a relevant task, as there is an increase in the share of urban residents, an increase in the number of public electric transport as well as the launch of new transport routes. Based on the analysis of foreign projects «Bristol Legible City», «London Legible City» and «Bath Public Realm & Movement Strategy», aimed at solving the problem of urban visual navigation in Bristol, London and Bath, certain components are identified and characterized that can be used to develop a systematic design concept for navigation in public transport in Kharkiv. Among them are common visual language and navigation system throughout the city; taking into account the aspect of unification, which eliminates the inconsistency between the systems in the city; visual color differentiation for different modes of transport; maps of public transport with geographical reference to the area; visual association of subway maps and other types of urban electric transport. Such components are appropriate in the formation of a comprehensive design solution.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Public Transport and the Location of Shanty Settlements in Kampala City

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
Ellen Byagaba ◽  
Stephen Mukiibi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
City Centre ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between public transport and the occupation of shanty settlements in Kampala. It is hoped that results from the study will inform future policy formulation by the government and planning of transport infrastructure and low-income housing developments. The study thus sought to examine whether a relationship exists between the cost of available public transportation and the choice to reside in these shanty settlements in Kampala. The study established that increased availability of low-cost public transport allows city residents to seek out better quality and cheaper housing further from the city centre (their affordability index being maintained or reduced). Influential government policy decisions such as maximum caps on fares and subsidisation of public transport vehicles can ensure increased supply and therefore lower the cost of public transport.  Increased mobility can result in lower demand for cheap inner-city housing that may in turn stem the growth of illegal settlements, resulting in healthier city development for all.

scholarly journals Individual property tax to fund public transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
E. V. Leontev ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Leontyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The Impact

Efficient and reliable public transport is of prime concern to city dwellers. To function efficiently, public transport generally needs subsidies from the state or local government. Our goal was to design and develop an alternative model of property tax that would provide financing for public transport. It was hypothesised that if the market value of real estate depends on the proximity of public transport, property tax can be a reliable source of financing for public transport. Based on the hedonic pricing theory, we used multiple regression to measure the impact of public transport proximity on the value of residential property. The data on the market value of property and property tax was taken from statistical tax reporting forms of the Federal Tax Service. The data on various public transport infrastructure facilities was used from the specialized open registers. We tested our alternative model of property tax, using the case of the Ekaterinburg Metro and the Tram and Trolleybus Company, through regression analysis of 7,685 objects of residential property in the City of Ekaterinburg. It was found that the efficiency of the underground service is higher than that of the city’s tram network. On the average, the proximity of underground stations increases the value of housing by over 6%. As predictive estimation of the amount of tax determined by the proximity of public transport showed, the alternative model of property tax is sufficient to cover capital expenditures of the city’s public transport operators and could, therefore, contribute to further expansion and modernization of the transport network.

scholarly journals Lack of Uniformity in the Israeli Property Tax System 1997–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Avi Perez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Taxation System

There are two different forms of property tax systems: value-based tax, which is used in most countries of the world, and area-based tax, which is used mainly in Central and Eastern Europe and developing countries in Africa. Area-based property tax provides more stable and predictable budget revenues. It is simpler to administer and scores worse on equity grounds from the perspective of the ability-to-pay principle of taxation. Against this background, Israel’s property tax system, known as Arnona, is complex, spatially diversified, and causes a lack of uniformity that leads to tax distortion. This paper’s primary purpose is to identify the weaknesses of Israeli property tax from 1997 to 2017 and indicate how to improve the property tax system. This paper is based on case studies from four of the most important cities in Israel: Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, and Beersheba, which have four different measurement methods for calculating property tax. Unique data were collected from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. According to this analysis, it was found that there are substantial differences in property tax between the four cities over the two decades analyzed. The main weakness is the lack of uniformity of the taxation system; the solution is to unify the measurement of real estate area for tax purposes using drone technology.

scholarly journals Evaluating Performance of Public Transport Networks by Using Public Transport Criteria Matrix Analytic Hierarchy Process Models—Case Study of Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn Public Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6949
Author(s):  
Gang Lin ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Conghua Lin ◽  
Linshan Bu ◽  
Honglei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Ahp Model

To mitigate car traffic problems, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) issued a document that provides guidelines for sustainable development and the promotion of public transport. The efficiency of the policies and strategies needs to be evaluated to improve the performance of public transportation networks. To assess the performance of a public transport network, it is first necessary to select evaluation criteria. Based on existing indicators, this research proposes a public transport criteria matrix that includes the basic public transport infrastructure level, public transport service level, economic benefit level, and sustainable development level. A public transport criteria matrix AHP model is established to assess the performance of public transport networks. The established model selects appropriate evaluation criteria based on existing performance standards. It is applied to study the Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn public transport network, representing a series of land use and transport policy backgrounds. The local public transport authorities can apply the established transport criteria matrix AHP model to monitor the performance of a public transport network and provide guidance for its improvement.

Evaluating the cost and benefits of earthquake protection of buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Manganelli ◽  
Marco Vona ◽  
Pierfrancesco De Paola
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Seismic Risk Mitigation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Earthquake Protection ◽  
Real Estate Assets

Purpose The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the cost and benefits of earthquake protection of buildings to verify whether the legislative push, through tax incentives, will produce results and lead to a redevelopment of private real estate assets. Design/methodology/approach Through contingent valuation, this research aims to measure the propensity of homeowners to invest in the seismic security of their properties. The sample of homeowners was selected in a southern Italy city, which was characterized by a medium-high seismic hazard. The willingness to pay, once made independent from the family income, was compared with the actual cost of a seismic retrofitting technique to assess its cost-effectiveness. Findings The analysis developed on an example case shows that the economic sustainability of the intervention is only verified when considering the current tax incentives for this type of intervention. Practical implications Choosing to introduce a system to compulsory insurance against seismic risk could certainly be a strong incentive for the implementation of retrofitting interventions on private real estate assets. In this direction, investigations like this can be fundamental to establish the fair risk premium. Originality/value The need for effective seismic risk mitigation policies is also based on the growing awareness of the, often fatal, effects of seismic events, emphasized by the recent medium and high intensity events that hit Italy. The issue of the security of residential buildings is therefore a very topical issue in view of their high seismic vulnerability and the vast number of buildings requiring major seismic retrofitting. Therefore, the propensity of owners to intervene in improving the seismic performance of their properties can be crucial in seismic risk mitigation.

INVESTIGATION OF IMPEDIMENT FACTORS IN PROPERTY TAX REVALUATION PRACTICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Azalina Yusnita Abd Rahman ◽  
Asma Senawi ◽  
Mohamad Haizam Mohamed Saraf ◽  
Siti Fairuz Che Pin
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
State Government ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Focus Group Interview ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Cost Constraints

Property tax is a form of taxation payable by real estate owners on their holdings because of their ownership or possession of the property. In Malaysia, a property tax revaluation is done once every five years or within an extended period as determined by the state government. However, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia has recorded that most local authorities have not revalued their property for almost 35 years. Thus, the researchers conducted a focus group interview to identify the impediments in a revaluation of property tax among local authorities. The participants consisted of forty-three (43) officers from twentytwo (22) local authorities in the West of Malaysia. Data from focus groups identified were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from the focus group revealed four (4) main impediment factors, namely (1) lack of knowledge in property tax revaluation paperwork, (2) lack of workforce, (3) cost constraints, and (4) time-consuming.

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