scholarly journals Endothelial function and structural markers of atherosclerosis: relationship in old and senile age

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 4614
Author(s):  
M. S. Troshina ◽  
A. N. Ryabikov ◽  
Yu. Yu. Palekhina ◽  
M. N. Ryabikov ◽  
S. K. Malyutina
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Endothelial dysfunction (ED), intima-media thickness (IMT), and atherosclerotic plaques (ASPs) of the carotid arteries (CAs) are considered mutually associated markers of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis. How true this statement is for older age groups remains unclear.Aim. To study the relationship of flow-dependent vasodilation (FDV) with CA IMT and ASPs in a population sample over 58 years old.Material and methods. The study was carried out in a population sample of men and women aged 58-82 years (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE project, n=788, 424 women). CA ultrasound was performed to assess IMT and ASPs. Endothelial function was assessed by postocclusive hyperemia ultrasound test; an increase in brachial artery initial diameter (FDV%) <10% was regarded as ED.Results. The average IMT in men was 0,95 mm (SD 0,18) and was significantly higher than in women: 0,88 mm (SD 0,17), p<0,001. The average FDV% values in men were 2,7% (SD 7,32), while in women  — 3,2% (SD 7,19) and did not differ significantly by sex. The incidence of ED was 88,2% in men and 85,8% in women. There was no a significant linear relationship between FDV and IMT neither in men (β=-1,76, SD 2,25, p=0,436), nor in women (β=-2,19, SD 2,15, p=0,309). Also, there were no differences in average IMT and ASP frequency in the groups with and without ED among men and women. When divided into age groups, ED was associated with an increase in IMT only in women aged <78 versus women without ED (p=0,047).Conclusion. In the population sample of 58-82 years old, mutual associations of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis (ED, IMT, ASP of CAs) have not been confirmed. Only in women aged <78 years, ED was associated with an increase in IMT. The results obtained indicate that the treatment approaches proposed for young and middle-aged people may be less effective in old and senile age.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

Adrenocortical function in aging exercise-trained rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Severson ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
J. G. Tuig ◽  
D. R. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Plasma corticosterone concentrations and in vitro adrenal secretion of corticosterone were determined in exercise-trained rats. Rats, 100, 200, and 300 days of age, were trained for a 10-wk period by treadmill running. Following the training program, rats were subjected to an acute bout of swimming. Acute swimming elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in all age groups. At 170 days of age, the plasma corticosterone concentration following swimming was higher in exercise-trained rats than in controls. The opposite was true of acutely swum rats at 270 and 370 days of age. Acute swimming elevated the in vitro adrenal gland response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in control rats at all ages and in trained rats at 170 days of age. The in vivo relationship of epinephrine and the pituitary adrenal system is suggested as a mechanism which could have caused this response. The relationship of secretion rates to plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated that extra-adrenal mechanisms, such as decreased turnover, were also responsible for the elevated plasma corticosterone levels observed in response to acute swimming.

scholarly journals The relationship of pro-inflammatory markers to vascular endothelial function after acute stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A Billinger ◽  
Jason-Flor V Sisante ◽  
Anna E Mattlage ◽  
Abdulfattah S Alqahtani ◽  
Michael G Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The relationship of the age of onset of obesity to the success of its treatment in the adult

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Ashwell
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. A survey was done of 2333 men and women who claimed experience of slimming.2. Their loss of weight was determined from their maximum stated weight and their present weight. The loss of weight was calculated as the percentage of the maximum weight and was related to the stated age of onset of obesity.3. The results showed that those people in the survey who had been fat since childhood had lost just as much weight as those people who had become fat as adults.4. These results suggest that the treatment of early-onset obesity may not be an unrealistic objective.

scholarly journals The prevalence of malocclusion among 7–15-year-old Lithuanian schoolchildren

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas Šidlauskas ◽  
Kristina Lopatienė
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Dental Crowding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The epidemiological data on the prevalence of malocclusion is an important determinant in planning appropriate levels of orthodontic services. The occurrence of occlusal anomalies varies between different countries, ethnic and age groups. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of malocclusion among Lithuanian schoolchildren in the 7–9-, 10– 12-, and 13–15-year age groups assessing occlusal morphology. The study included 1681 schoolchildren aged 7–15 years. The crowding, spacing, overbite, overjet, the relationship of the first upper and lower molars according Angle’s classification, and posterior crossbite were assessed. The study demonstrated that only 257 children had normal occlusion, and 44 had undergone orthodontic treatment among them. The greatest overjet in the studied contingent was 11 mm, and the negative overjet – 3 mm. The overbite ranged between 0 and 6 mm with a mean of 2.29±1.23 mm. Posterior crossbite was recorded in 148 children (8.8%). This study showed that the prevalence of malocclusion among 7–15-year-old Lithuanian schoolchildren is 84.6%. The most common malocclusion was dental crowding. The upper dental arch crowding was registered for 44.1% and lower for 40.3% of all schoolchildren. The class I molar relationship was detected in 68.4% of the subjects, class II – in 27.7%, and class III – in 2.8%.

scholarly journals The relationship of perivascular adipose tissue and atherosclerosis in the aorta and carotid arteries, determined by magnetic resonance imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alkhalil ◽  
Evan Edmond ◽  
Laurienne Edgar ◽  
Janet E Digby ◽  
Omar Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aims: Imaging studies have relied on the ‘overall’ volumetric quantification of perivascular adipose tissue. We sought to assess the relationship of circumferential distribution between perivascular adipose tissue and adjacent wall thickness of carotid and aortic arteries using dedicated magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Methods: Vessel wall and perivascular adipose tissue were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T). Co-registered images were segmented separately, and measurements of both perivascular adipose tissue and vessel wall were obtained along radii of the vessel spaced at angles of 5° each. Results: In total, 29 patients were recruited. Perivascular adipose tissue thickness of the aorta was 3.34 ± 0.79 mm with specific pattern of ‘double peaks’ distribution, while carotid perivascular adipose tissue had no identifiable pattern with thickness of 0.8 ± 0.91 mm. Although statistically significant, the correlation between perivascular adipose tissue thickness and wall thickness in carotid arteries with normal (r = 0.040, p = 0.001) or with abnormal wall thickness (r = –0.039, p = 0.015) was merely nominal. Similarly, perivascular adipose tissue of the aorta had very weak correlation with normal aortic wall thickness (r = 0.010, p = 0.008) but not with the abnormal ones (r = −0.05, p = 0.29). Conclusion: Dissociation between the spatial distribution of perivascular adipose tissue and arterial wall thickening in the aorta and carotid arteries does not support that perivascular adipose tissue has a causal role in promoting atherosclerotic plaque via a paracrine route. Yet, perivascular adipose tissue functional properties were not examined in this study.

An increase in activated NKT-CD8+ cells is associated with the presence of hypoechoic carotid plaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Genkel ◽  
I Baturina ◽  
I Emelyanov ◽  
I Shaposhnik ◽  
I Dolgushin
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background The role of NK-cells and NKT-cells and their subtypes at various stages of the development of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. It was previously shown that CD3+CD56+CD8+ cells can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in their number has been established in patients with active Behçet's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Purpose To study the relationship between the number of activated CD3+CD56+CD8+ cells and the echogenicity of plaques in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods The study included 40 patients, 21 (52.5%) men and 19 (47.5%) women who underwent carotid ultrasound and immunological studies. The median age was 53.5 (46.7; 57.0) years. All patients underwent duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries. If an atherosclerotic plaque was detected, its image was saved and exported to Adobe Photoshop CS6® followed by analysis of the gray-scale median (GSM) of the plaque. Hypoechoic was considered a carotid plaque whose GSM values were less than 50. The number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using a flow cytometer. Results Among the examined patients, carotid plaques were detected in 31 (77.5%) participants. The average values of GSM visualized plaques were 58.0 (46.0; 71.5). Atherosclerotic plaques with GSM &lt;50 were detected in 11 (35.5%) patients. In patients with hypoechoic carotid plaques, the number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells was statistically significantly higher – 352 (55.0; 505) cells/uL versus 66.0 (15.5; 138) cells/uL in patients with plaques whose GSM values were more than 50 (p=0.020). Based on the results of correlation analysis it was established inverse relationship between number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells and GSM of plaques (r=−0.427; p=0.016). According to the results of the ROC-analysis, an increase in the number of activated NKT-CD8+ cells over 46.5 cells/uL was a predictor of the presence of hypoechogenic carotid plaques with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 45.0% (see Figure 1). Conclusion In patients with hypoechoic carotid plaques, the number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells was significantly higher in comparison with other patients. An increase in the number of activated NKT-CD8+ cells over 46.5 cells/uL was a predictor of the presence of hypoechoic carotid plaques with sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 45.0% Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Mathematics and Self-Esteem: Implications for Women's Career Choice

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Singer ◽  
Jayne E. Stake
Keyword(s):  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Men Students ◽  
Career Goal ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of math participation and success to self-esteem and career goals is examined in a sample of 64 women and 52 men college students at the end of their sophomore year. No gender differences were found in math anxiety or perceptions of the usefulness of mathematics, but women were less likely to select a math-related career goal. Among the men students, math participation and self-assessments of math ability were positively related to more general self-estimates of competence; among women, these variables were not related significantly. Women's choices for math-related careers were more closely associated with scholastic ability and math background than were men's career choices. These results are discussed in the context of societal pressures and supports for men and women in regard to math participation.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health status in polish unemployed persons – differences between men and women

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna A. Knopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
The State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between EI and the state of mental health of unemployed persons. Gender differences were also identified in terms of mental health and its correlation with EI. A sample of 160 Polish unemployed persons aged 35 to 45 years filled in self-descriptive measures of EI and mental health. Significant gender differences were found - unemployed women were characterised by a greater intensity of mental health disorders than unemployed men. EI was negatively correlated with mental health disorders, but the correlations were few and weaker than expected. However, when unemployed persons with a low, average and high EI were compared, it turned out that participants with a low EI were characterised by a significantly worse condition of mental health than participants with a average or high EI.

Childhood Adverse Events and Current Traumatic Distress

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1385-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nena Messina ◽  
Christine Grella ◽  
William Burdon ◽  
Michael Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Correctional Setting ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Traumatic Distress ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study describes the prevalence of childhood adverse events (CAEs) among men and women prisoners and assesses the relationship of CAEs to adult symptoms of traumatic distress. Interview data for 427 men and 315 women were analyzed assessing childhood abuse and household dysfunction, drug and criminal histories, and symptoms of traumatic distress. Women offenders had much greater exposure to CAEs than did men and more often reported continued sexual abuse in adolescence and as an adult. Linear regression results showed that the impact of CAEs on traumatic distress was strong and cumulative for both men and women (greater exposure to CAEs increased the likelihood of 6 out of 7 mental health outcomes, although women had higher levels of traumatic distress overall). The findings indicate the need for early prevention and intervention as well as trauma-based treatment within the correctional setting.

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