An increase in activated NKT-CD8+ cells is associated with the presence of hypoechoic carotid plaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Genkel ◽  
I Baturina ◽  
I Emelyanov ◽  
I Shaposhnik ◽  
I Dolgushin
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background The role of NK-cells and NKT-cells and their subtypes at various stages of the development of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. It was previously shown that CD3+CD56+CD8+ cells can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in their number has been established in patients with active Behçet's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Purpose To study the relationship between the number of activated CD3+CD56+CD8+ cells and the echogenicity of plaques in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods The study included 40 patients, 21 (52.5%) men and 19 (47.5%) women who underwent carotid ultrasound and immunological studies. The median age was 53.5 (46.7; 57.0) years. All patients underwent duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries. If an atherosclerotic plaque was detected, its image was saved and exported to Adobe Photoshop CS6® followed by analysis of the gray-scale median (GSM) of the plaque. Hypoechoic was considered a carotid plaque whose GSM values were less than 50. The number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using a flow cytometer. Results Among the examined patients, carotid plaques were detected in 31 (77.5%) participants. The average values of GSM visualized plaques were 58.0 (46.0; 71.5). Atherosclerotic plaques with GSM <50 were detected in 11 (35.5%) patients. In patients with hypoechoic carotid plaques, the number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells was statistically significantly higher – 352 (55.0; 505) cells/uL versus 66.0 (15.5; 138) cells/uL in patients with plaques whose GSM values were more than 50 (p=0.020). Based on the results of correlation analysis it was established inverse relationship between number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells and GSM of plaques (r=−0.427; p=0.016). According to the results of the ROC-analysis, an increase in the number of activated NKT-CD8+ cells over 46.5 cells/uL was a predictor of the presence of hypoechogenic carotid plaques with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 45.0% (see Figure 1). Conclusion In patients with hypoechoic carotid plaques, the number of CD3+CD56+CD8+CD11b+ cells was significantly higher in comparison with other patients. An increase in the number of activated NKT-CD8+ cells over 46.5 cells/uL was a predictor of the presence of hypoechoic carotid plaques with sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 45.0% Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The Role of Duplex Ultrasound in the Detection of Upper Extremity Artery Pathology, and Post Endovascular Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Jason Roberts ◽  
Vaqar Ali ◽  
Mian Ahmed Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abnormal Pathology

Upper extremity pathology is uncommon and generally involves the brachial artery in about 12% of the cases. Of chronic upper limb ischemia, trauma, fibromuscular dysplasia, giant cell arteritis, and atherosclerosis are among the most reported cases. After a thorough review of the literature, there is agreement with duplex ultrasound sensitivity and specificity for predicting >70% stenosis in the subclavian arteries with a sensitivity of >82% and specificity of >90%. This article not only correlates the relationship between duplex ultrasound and severe peripheral arterial disease, but it also proves with 100% accuracy the ability to detect latent and abnormal pathology of the upper extremities post endovascular intervention.

scholarly journals Association between ultrasound morphology of carotid plaque and carotid wall shear rate in patients with atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
V. V. Genkel ◽  
A. O. Salashenko ◽  
A. S. Kuznetsova ◽  
I. I. Shaposhnik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Type I ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
The Relationship

Aim– to investigate the relationship between the values of the carotid endothelial shear rate and ultrasound morphology of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries.Material and methods. The study involved 70 patients with carotid atherosclerosis, including 43 males and 27 females. The average age of patients was (61.1±8.54) years. All patients underwent ultrasound triplex scanning of carotid arteries. Ultrasonic plaque morphology was evaluated using several ultrasonographic characteristics: uniformity of echotexture and echogenicity. We used the classification of G. Geraulakos et al. (1993). Endothelial shear rate in the common carotid artery was determined in accordance with the law of Hagen – Poiseuille.Results. Most patients (30) had a plaque type I, less frequently occurred plaque II (15) and III (20 patients) types. Homogeneous echo positive plaques corresponding to «stable» phenotype were found in 5 patients. In patients with plaque type I and II, endothelial shear rate values were 373 (305; 481) s–1 and 311 (282; 419) s–1 respectively. In the groups of patients with plaque– type III and IV endothelial shear rate was significantly higher – 500 (429; 556) s–1 and 470 (440; 512) s–1 respectively. Among patients with plaque with a predominance of echolucent component, more patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were found (p=0.006).Conclusion. Carotid endothelial shear rate was significantly lower in patients with carotid atherosclerosis and echolucent plaques compared to those having predominantly hyperechoic plaque. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 was significantly higher in the group of patients with unstable plaque and low carotid endothelial shear rate. 

The effect of age on the unfolding of elastin lamellae and collagen fibers with stretch in human carotid arteries

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon J. Samila ◽  
Stefan A. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Low Degrees ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Human Carotid

We measured folding of elastin lamellae and collagen fibers in human carotid arteries and correlated the results with the elastic properties of the vessels. Specimens cut into circumferential strips were stretched to various degrees, fixed, and stained for elastin and collagen. Folding was measured on photographic projections. Elastin lamellae unfolded quickly with initial stretch. In old vessels they did not straighten as much as in the young suggesting that the content of the interlamellar space may interfere with the unfolding. Collagen fibers straightened more during stretch in stiffer older vessels than in the young, already at low degrees of stretch. Young's modulus at extension of 5% appeared to correlate with unfolding of elastin lamellae in young extensible vessels. The modulus correlated significantly with unfolding of collagen fibers at extensions of 15% and greater, and the slope of the regression of the modulus on folding increased with stretch. Our findings provide for the first time morphologic evidence for the role of elastin lamellae in the determination of the elastic properties at low extensions, for the importance of collagen fibers in increasing stiffness with further stretch, and for the relationship between increased stiffness with age and the earlier recruitment of the collagen fibers.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298→Asp polymorphism, carotid atherosclerosis and intima-media thickness in a general population sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Wolff ◽  
Claudia Braun ◽  
Christina Schlüter ◽  
Hans J. Grabe ◽  
Katrin Popowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
The Common ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The Glu298→Asp (E298D; 894G→T) polymorphism of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) has been related with cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we investigated the association of Glu298→Asp with atherosclerotic plaques in different carotid vessel segments and with carotid IMT (intima-media thickness). The Glu298→Asp eNOS polymorphism was determined by 5′-exonuclease assay among 2448 participants of the SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania). Mean and maximum common carotid IMT, as well as carotid atherosclerosis, were measured by high-resolution ultrasound. The Asp/Asp298 genotype was associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic plaques at the level of the common carotid arteries [multivariate odds ratio, 1.57 and 95% CI (confidence interval), 1.05–2.34; P=0.025], but not in the carotid bifurcations or internal or external carotid arteries. Glu298→Asp genotype was not associated with carotid IMT in the whole sample. However, the Asp/Asp298 genotype was independently associated with both higher mean [adjusted increase by 0.046 mm (95% CI, 0.013–0.078); P=0.006] and maximum carotid IMT [0.137 mm (95% CI, 0.064–0.209); P<0.001] in the low-risk group of subjects without carotid atherosclerosis. In conclusion, the Asp/Asp298 genotype is associated with atherosclerosis in the common carotid arteries and, in a low-risk group, also with carotid IMT. This suggests that the association of the Glu298→Asp genotype with atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries is site-specific and is modified by overall cardiovascular risk.

AKR1B10 accelerates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB signaling pathway in colon cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Wanyun Li ◽  
Zilan Huang ◽  
Shengyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (AKR1B10) has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis of various cancer. In our studies, we evaluated the relationship between AKR1B10 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in colon cancer and showed that AKR1B10 expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage and clinical stage of colon cancer. It has been reported that colorectal cancer is closely associated with chronic inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here we found that knockdown of AKR1B10 significantly decreased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines, IL1α and IL6, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, AKR1B10 depends on its reductase activity to affect the NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequently affect the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, knockdown of AKR1B10 effectively reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic growth, indicating the biologic role of AKR1B10 in colon cancer. Collectively, our findings provided important insights into a previously unrecognized role of AKR1B10 in colon cancer.

scholarly journals A Review of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Vascular Cognitive Decline

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dempsey ◽  
Raghu Vemuganti ◽  
Tomy Varghese ◽  
Bruce P. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Disease ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Cognitive Sequelae ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Abstract This review encourages the reader to consider cerebral vascular disease beyond the traditional clinical end points of major motor and speech strokes and to consider the possible impact of embolic cerebral vascular disease on vascular cognitive decline. This article examines the issue of “silent” strokes in the relationship between the structural stability of atherosclerotic carotid plaque and the development of nonmotor symptomatology, including cognitive decline. It addresses the question of the role of carotid emboli in silent stroke and their cognitive sequelae. In a study of endarterectomy patients, we relate plaque elasticity and its development of mechanical strain features and thinning of stabilizing fibrous cap at the point of these mechanical strain features. The possibility that microemboli from such mechanically unstable carotid plaques could contribute to silent strokes led to a study of cognitive function in such patients. A linear relationship between the process of mechanically unstable areas of carotid plaques and cognitive decline suggests a contributory role for such a process in silent strokes.

Circulating adhesion molecules are correlated with ultrasonic assessment of carotid plaques

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki HASHIMOTO ◽  
Kazuo KITAGAWA ◽  
Keisuke KUWABARA ◽  
Hidetaka HOUGAKU ◽  
Toshiho OHTSUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Ultrasonic Assessment ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule

The relationship between levels of circulating intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) or P-selectin (cP-selectin) and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was examined in 301 outpatients undergoing duplex ultrasonographic examination. Carotid plaque was defined as an intima-media thickness greater than 1.0 mm, and a plaque score (PS) was calculated from the plaque thickness in both carotid arteries. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant positive associations between cICAM-1 and the number of plaques [β = 0.11; confidence interval (CI), 0.007–0.213], maximum intima-media thickness (β = 0.11; CI, 0.01–0.219), and PS (β = 0.10; CI, 0.001–0.205). In contrast, no significant association was found for cP-selectin. cP-selectin did not increase until atherosclerosis was advanced (PS > 10), showing a marked increase in patients with ≥ 50% stenosis. The circulating levels of both proteins are related to real measurements of plaque formation in the carotid arteries independently of classical risk factors. Marked elevation of cP-selectin occurs in advanced carotid atherosclerosis after gradual elevation of cICAM-1.

scholarly journals POS0520 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE NEOVASCULARIZATION OF CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES, LIPID PARAMETERS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 493.3-493
Author(s):  
E. Gerasimova ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
O. Pogorelova ◽  
O. Fomicheva ◽  
I. Kirillova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Immunological Disorders ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Background:Development of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CAP) in patients (pts) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with accumulation of traditional risk factors and immunological disorders. CAP neovascularization is associated with its’ inflammation and increasing vulnerability. Therefore, early detection of CAP neovascularization is important for prevention of potential cardiovascular complications, preferably using a non-invasive technique, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the carotid arteries.Objectives:to identify the relationship between the severity of CAP neovascularization, lipid parameters and RA-related parameters.Methods:Evaluation of 23 RA pts, 8 males and 15 females, mean age 61 [58; 65] years, with a longstanding disease (7 [3;12] years), seropositivity for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) (76%) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) (62%) and moderate clinical disease activity (DAS 28 3,9 [3,2;4,8]). Nineteen RA pts (83%) received Methotrexate, 35% - biological agents, 35% - low-dose glucocorticoids. All patients underwent bilateral CEUS of the carotid arteries using a PHILIPS IU22 ultrasound system with 3-9 MHz linear array transducer and i/v administration of SonoVue contrast agent. The severity of carotid intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) was visually assessed on a scale from 0 to 3 (Shah et al. 2007): 0 - no neovascularization, 1 (mild) - limited to moderate neovascularization, 2 (severe) - extensive appearance of neovascularization, 3 - in the presence of a pulsating vessel in the plaque image.Results:Carotid IPN was found in all RA pts. Grade 1 of neovascularization was established in 39% pts (group I) and Grade 2 - in 61% pts (group II). Groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, body mass index, smoking, disease duration and activity RA (DAS 28 score). The degree of carotid IPN positively correlated with the LDL-C level (R = 0,46, p=0,04), and the TG level (R=0,56, p=0,01) and negatively correlated with the HDL-C level (R= -0,52, p=0,02) in all pts. The degree of neovascularization was also associated with RA duration (R=0,52, p<0,05) and ACCP-positivity (R=0,57, p=0,007). Aforementioned correlations were significant for both groups of RA pts. No association was found between the severity of IPN and the levels of RF, DAS28. Association between the degree of carotid stenosis and CRP concentrations (R=-0,73, p<0,05) was found in pts of group II.Conclusion:CEUS of carotid arteries demonstrated the presence of a predominantly extensive carotid IPN in RA pts. Cases of more severe carotid IPN were associated with lipid parameters (positively with the LDL-C, TG levels and negatively with the HDL-C level), RA duration and ACCP-positivity. The relationship between the degree of carotid artery stenosis and CRP requires additional studies to determine the role of immunological disorders in the development of carotid intraplaque neovascularization in RA pts.References:[1]Shah F., Balan P., Weinberg M., Reddy V., Neems R., Feinstein M., Dainauskas J., Meyer P., Goldin M., Feinstein S.B. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of atherosclerotic carotid plaque neovascularization: a new surrogate marker of atherosclerosis? Vasc Med. 2007;12(4):291-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863x07083363Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Similarities and differences in ultrasound of extracranial brachiocephalic atherosclerotic lesions in patients with ischemic anterior and posterior circulation stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2437
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vishnyakova ◽  
A. B. Berdalin ◽  
D. A. Golovin ◽  
S. E. Lelyuk ◽  
V. G. Lelyuk
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Posterior Circulation Stroke ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

Aim. To establish similarities and differences in ultrasound of extracranial brachiocephalic atherosclerotic lesions in patients with ischemic anterior and posterior circulation stroke.Material and methods. The study involved 668 patients (men, 370; women, 298) with carotid territory IS aged 63±11 and 69±9 years, respectively, and 235 patients (men, 129; women, 106) with vertebrobasilar (VB) territory IS aged 59±12 and 63±10 years, respectively, who underwent duplex ultrasound.Results. Atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in the internal carotid arteries (ICA) were diagnosed significantly more often (p<0,05) (right ICA (ICAr) — 44,0% of cases; left ICA (ICAl) — 48,4%) and the degree of stenosis of ICA mouths was significantly higher (p<0,05) (ICAr —53±23%, ICAl — 54±24%) in carotid territory IS than in VB territory IS (ICAr — 34,0% of cases; average degree of stenosis — 47±18%; ICAl — 33,6%, average degree of stenosis — 46±18%. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of ASP in vertebral arteries and related stenosis in IS in both territories. Also, there were no significant intergroup differences in the prevalence of homogeneous anechoic or hypoechoic and heterogeneous with hypoechoic predominance ASPs in the ICA mouths: in carotid territory IS, such ASPs were detected in each ICA in 33,5% of cases; in VB territory IS, in 29,6% of cases.Conclusion. In patients with carotid and VB territory IS, risky ASPs were recorded with the same frequency, while the overall prevalence of ASPs and the stenosis degree of ICA mouths was significantly higher in carotid IS. 

scholarly journals Endothelial function and structural markers of atherosclerosis: relationship in old and senile age

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 4614
Author(s):  
M. S. Troshina ◽  
A. N. Ryabikov ◽  
Yu. Yu. Palekhina ◽  
M. N. Ryabikov ◽  
S. K. Malyutina
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Endothelial dysfunction (ED), intima-media thickness (IMT), and atherosclerotic plaques (ASPs) of the carotid arteries (CAs) are considered mutually associated markers of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis. How true this statement is for older age groups remains unclear.Aim. To study the relationship of flow-dependent vasodilation (FDV) with CA IMT and ASPs in a population sample over 58 years old.Material and methods. The study was carried out in a population sample of men and women aged 58-82 years (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE project, n=788, 424 women). CA ultrasound was performed to assess IMT and ASPs. Endothelial function was assessed by postocclusive hyperemia ultrasound test; an increase in brachial artery initial diameter (FDV%) <10% was regarded as ED.Results. The average IMT in men was 0,95 mm (SD 0,18) and was significantly higher than in women: 0,88 mm (SD 0,17), p<0,001. The average FDV% values in men were 2,7% (SD 7,32), while in women  — 3,2% (SD 7,19) and did not differ significantly by sex. The incidence of ED was 88,2% in men and 85,8% in women. There was no a significant linear relationship between FDV and IMT neither in men (β=-1,76, SD 2,25, p=0,436), nor in women (β=-2,19, SD 2,15, p=0,309). Also, there were no differences in average IMT and ASP frequency in the groups with and without ED among men and women. When divided into age groups, ED was associated with an increase in IMT only in women aged <78 versus women without ED (p=0,047).Conclusion. In the population sample of 58-82 years old, mutual associations of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis (ED, IMT, ASP of CAs) have not been confirmed. Only in women aged <78 years, ED was associated with an increase in IMT. The results obtained indicate that the treatment approaches proposed for young and middle-aged people may be less effective in old and senile age.

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