scholarly journals PRELIMINARY RESULTS CONCERNING THE PRESERVATION OF GENETICAL DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLE VARIETIES AT USAMV CLUJ-NAPOCA

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maxim ◽  
Rodica Sima ◽  
A. Fiţiu ◽  
M. Şandor ◽  
Ruxandra Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Genetical Diversity ◽  
International Plant

The biodiversity conservation was included in environment problems at the ONU conference for environment and development, from Rio de Janeiro (1992). Important parts of the conservation are traditional varieties and local populations of crop plants. The UE regulation 98/95 comes to protect the vegetal genetic resources. Unlike the other countries with advanced agriculture, Romania still has a rich genetic diversity of culture plants, especially in the zones that were non-cooperativized during the communism. However, if there will not be any proper measures of their conservation, these populations and varieties are in danger of extinction. Our objectives presume finding the small seed producers, collecting carrot, parsley and lettuce seeds, building experimental zones for the characterization of varieties and local populations as well as the conservation of their seeds at the Gene Bank Suceava and gene microbank from USAMV Cluj-Napoca, which is in the stage of project. In 2007 spring, 188 traditional varieties and local populations of carrot, parsley and lettuce seeds, from 69 producers within 15 counties of our country, especially from Transylvania were collected. The seeds were mainly from the agro alimentary markets collected. A questionnaire for every seed producer was filled in order to obtain information regarding: the tradition in the seed production, technology of culture, seeds sale, sex and age of the producers etc. Every variety has a unique code, after the proposal of FAO/IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute), valid for all vegetal varieties. The obtained data confirm that vegetable genetic diversity, in the studied area, is big but the risk of extinction is high. The most important cause are the advanced age of traditional seed producers (about 70% of them are over 60 years old) and the recession of vegetable cultivated zones. In 2007 year, an agrobiologic characterization on carrot, parsley and lettuce was done and lettuce seed was obtained. The experiments will continue in 2008.

scholarly journals Intelligent Characterization of Lentil Genetic Resources: Evolutionary History, Genetic Diversity of Germplasm, and the Need for Well‐Represented Collections

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azalea Guerra‐García ◽  
Tania Gioia ◽  
Eric Wettberg ◽  
Giuseppina Logozzo ◽  
Roberto Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Evolutionary History

Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Paula Bramel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Market Preference ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in market preference, and the impact of climate change. Efforts have been made to secure plant genetic resources ex situ for future use but there are significant issues related to cost effective, efficient, secure, rational, and sustainable long-term ex situ conservation. It begins by addressing issues for the composition of ex situ collections and moves on to discuss issues for routine operations for conservation. The chapter also highlights issues for the use of conserved genetic resources, before concluding with a summary of why the development of sustainable genebank systems is so important.

Utilization of plant genetic resources in breeding for sustainability

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
United Nations Food ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractUK agriculture is undergoing significant change with reduced subsidies for food production, increasing consumer demands for food safety and traceability, and environmental concerns including climate and demographic change. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture adopted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation supports the use of genetic resources for research and breeding. Mining genetic resources for useful genetic variation is perceived as a major benefit of genebanks. However, utilization by breeders may be constrained by poor characterization of genetic resources, a widening gap between improved and unimproved material, and the disruption of well- adapted genotypes during introgression. Breeders working with grasses and forage legumes for sustainable agriculture are fortunate in the wealth of genetic variation available both within the primary species of interest and among related species. New DNA technologies allow more targeted approaches to the use of these genetic resources. Possibilities for gene transfer between related species using conventional techniques expand the available gene pools while potential use of genetic transformation extend these even further.

scholarly journals Diversidade genética em acessos de tomateiro heirloom

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago O Vargas ◽  
Elisabete P Alves ◽  
Antonio CS Abboud ◽  
Marco AA Leal ◽  
Margarida GF Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
International Plant

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de acessos de tomates heirloom da coleção do Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFRRJ. A similaridade entre acessos foi determinada por meio de análise de componentes principais seguida de análise de agrupamento, utilizando como variáveis os descritores do IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute). No período de maio a setembro de 2004 foram cultivados 22 acessos de tomate, sendo 10 acessos de tomateiro de frutos tipo cereja e 12 de frutos grandes, onde em cada grupo havia acessos heirloom assim como cultivares locais. Os dados oriundos de caracteres quantitativos foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais e seguidos de análise de agrupamento, pelo método 'Ward's minimum variance'. Os dados oriundos de caracteres qualitativos foram transformados em matriz binária, a partir da qual foram calculados os índices de similaridade de Jaccard e submetidos à análise de agrupamento usando o método UPGMA (método da média aritmética não ponderada), que deu origem aos dendogramas de similaridade. Mediante análise dos resultados foi observada a formação de agrupamentos onde os acessos locais se separavam dos genótipos heirloom, indicando variabilidade genética. As análises com os dois tipos de descritores, quantitativos e qualitativos, agruparam os acessos de forma que aqueles de origem local possuíam baixas similaridades com os heirloom importados. Embora os agrupamentos formados pelos dois métodos não sejam idênticos, os dois tipos de análises, em conjunto, são adequados para caracterizações exploratórias em coleções de tomateiro, devido a sua rapidez e praticidade.

Genotyping of Vitis vinifera L. within the Slovak national collection of genetic resources

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Ivana Dokupilová ◽  
Daniele Migliaro ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
Manna Crespan ◽  
Ján Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Resource Collection

AbstractMicrosatellites were used as a very effective tool for genetic diversity analysis and characterization of 51 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions from the national collection of genetic resources. Genetic diversity was relatively high, 8.91 alleles were detected per analysed microsatellite locus in average, and fifty-one accessions were distinguished into 45 groups. Distribution of recent Slovak cultivars across the dendrogram accented both their genetic diversity and the effectiveness of the national breeding program in maintaining genetic diversity and generating new genetic variants. Each cultivar was different from the others and twelve of them contained 77.6% of the total genetic diversity of the whole analysed set. Microsatellite patterns were also able to confirm parentage in selected Slovak cultivars. An unusual phenomenon of triallelism was also detected in one of the analysed accessions. The present study has initiated molecular characterization within the national grapevine genetic resource collection and their comparison with well-established international cultivars.

Distribution of genetic diversity in wild European populations of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola): implications for plant genetic resources management

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. M. van de Wiel ◽  
T. Sretenović Rajičić ◽  
R. van Treuren ◽  
K. J. Dehmer ◽  
C. G. van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Nbs Profiling ◽  
The Uk

Genetic variation in Lactuca serriola, the closest wild relative of cultivated lettuce, was studied across Europe from the Czech Republic to the United Kingdom, using three molecular marker systems, simple sequence repeat (SSR, microsatellites), AFLP and nucleotide-binding site (NBS) profiling. The ‘functional’ marker system NBS profiling, targeting disease resistance genes of the NBS/LRR family, did not show marked differences in genetic diversity parameters to the other systems. The autogamy of the species resulted in low observed heterozygosity and high population differentiation. Intra-population variation ranged from complete homogeneity to nearly complete heterogeneity. The highest genetic diversity was found in central Europe. The SSR results were compared to SSR variation screened earlier in the lettuce collection of the Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN). In the UK, practically only a single SSR genotype was found. This genotype together with a few other common SSR genotypes comprised a large part of the plants sampled on the continent. Among the ten most frequent SSR genotypes observed, eight were already present in the CGN collection. Overall, the CGN collection appears to already have a fair representation of genetic variation from NW Europe. The results are discussed in relation to sampling strategies for improving genebank collections of crop wild relatives.

Genetic diversity in four cabbage populations based on UPOV and IPGRI description forms and allozyme variation

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. KOUTSOS ◽  
M. KOUTSIKA-SOTIRIOU
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
International Union ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
International Plant ◽  
Physiological Characters

Morphophysiological characters, designated as descriptors by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), and allozyme variation were used to study genetic diversity among four cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) open pollinated (OP) populations. The morphological and physiological characters, and gene frequencies among OP populations were analysed by using cluster (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Both methods gave the same clustering of OP populations. The relationships found among OP populations by analysing UPOV descriptors (30 characters) and IPGRI descriptors (30+14 characters) were similar. The relationships among OP populations obtained from gene frequencies were not similar to those obtained from morphophysiological characters, but two of the four OP populations were clustered together by both categories of data. The biggest correlation between the relationships among OP populations obtained from morphophysiological characters and those obtained from gene frequencies was r = −0·44 and r =−0·38 given by PCA and CA respectively. The importance of each character or allele with respect to the relationships among OP populations were also detected by PCA.

The use of ex situ conserved plant genetic resources

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Hodgkin ◽  
V. Ramanatha Rao ◽  
Angélica Cibrian-Jaramillo ◽  
Samy Gaiji
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
The Many

AbstractPlant genetic resources are conserved so that they can be used to improve crop plant pro- duction and in other ways. However, it is often asserted that use of ex situ conserved germplasm is inadequate and that genetic diversity maintained in genebanks is underutilized. In part, this reflects an incomplete recognition of what constitutes use of plant genetic resources, and of the many different ways in which material from genebanks contributes to improved agricultural production. Based on recent information from surveys of distribution of germplasm from genebanks, and from surveys of users, we suggest that the evidence indicates that there is substantial use of ex situ conserved materials for a wide range of different uses. We suggest that barriers to use of ex situ conserved germplasm may often result from a lack in numbers of users, and from limitations in capacity to effectively utilize the genetic diversity present in genebanks to reduce genetic vulnerability and increase sustainability in modern production systems.

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