Researches Regarding the Electro-Conductivity Determination on Different Soil Textures from Romania, Before Sowing

Precision farming involves the collection of detailed information about the characteristics of agricultural operations. Electro-conductivity (EC) of soil is one of the tests easier and less costly for agriculture, which can be performed today. Electro-conductivity (EC) is the ability of a material to transmit (conduct) an electrical current and is usually expressed in miliSiemens / meter (MS / m). Electro-conductivity (EC) of soil is a measurand that characterizes many soil properties which affect the productivity of crops. These include the water content, soil texture, soil organic matter (OM), depth to clay layer, the capacity of cation exchange (CEC), salinity, calcium, magnesium. Measurements of electro-conductivity (EC) of soil can add value to agricultural operations if they can be used to help explain variations in agricultural production. Article shows electro-conductivity maps models of the prepared soil in different locations in Romania and electro-conductivity correlation with the physico-chemical properties of these soils

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Effect of population and organomineral fertilization on physico-chemical quality of fruits of Passiflora edulis cv. Guinezinho

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.02.p2318 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 308-318

Author(s):

Bruno Alexandre Araújo de Sousa ◽

Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Plant Management ◽

Physico Chemical

The phyto-technical management of crops, such as the conduction system, spatial arrangement of plants and mineral and organic fertilization are pre-harvest agronomic factors that can alter fruit quality. Therefore, this research was developed to evaluate physico-chemical attributes of yellow passion fruit as a function of population arrangement and organomineral fertilization. The experiment was carried in Entisol with free-sand texture under tropical climate with dry summer. The treatments were obtained from the combination of doses of nitrogen (92, 119, 183, 248 and 275 kg ha-1) and soil organic matter (1.3, 1.8, 2.9, 4.0 and 4.5%), through Central Box Compound, plus four additional treatments to study the effect of the number of plants per pit. The evaluations were carried on seven and ten months after the transplanting of the seedlings. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The fruits were harvested at the beginning of the yellowing of the bark and evaluated in the pulp: pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars, ascorbic acid, TSS/TTA ratio, electrical conductivity and humidity. The harvesting season changed the physico-chemical properties of the passion fruit pulp and interfered with the effects of plant management and fertilization on the quality of passion fruit. For the production of the best quality passion fruit we may cultivate one, two or three plants per pit. With three plants per pit it is recommended to apply 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen annually and raise the soil organic matter to 4%.

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Impact of Wastes on Some Properties of Soil around an Active Dumpsite in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Journal of Bioresource Management ◽

10.35691/jbm.1202.0193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 27-40

Author(s):

Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola ◽

Gabriel Oladapo Adeyemi ◽

Oluwayemisi Samuel Olokeogun ◽

Idayat Adewunmi Bodede

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Recently most farmers in developing country like Nigeria has resulted to the use of solid wastes as compost to replenish the deteriorated soils while some are farming on the abandoned waste dumpsite due to their richness in organic matter. This study assessed the soil nutrient and fertility status by investigating the influence of wastes (if any) on physical and chemical properties of soils in and around Lapite dumpsite for environmental sustainability. Ten soil samples each collected from three locations: dumpsite, downslope and upslope sites at depth of 0-20cm were analyzed for soil texture, bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon, organic matter content (OMC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni. Significant differences were observed on soil physical: moisture content (18.05-38.11 %); Bulk density (1.01-1.54 g/cm3); porosity (49.09-74.56 %) and chemical properties: : OMC (1.39-5.98 %);TN (0.58-1.60 %); AP(0.35-1.09 %) among others in soils from the studied location sites at p ≤ 0.05; however, no remarkable impact was noticed on soil texture. This study has shown that deposition of wastes has impacted the physical and chemical properties by improving soil organic matter contents and increasing nutrient contents such as exchangeable bases and micronutrient, thus enhancing soil organic matter, fertility and productivity status of the soil for maximum plant growth. However, increase in heavy metal concentrations in dumpsite soils call for incessant assessment and monitoring, thus sorting, reuse and recycling should be encouraged to reduce the metal loads over time.

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Immediate Changes in Organic Matter and Plant Available Nutrients of Haplic Luvisol Soils Following Different Experimental Burning Intensities in Damak Forest, Hungary

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10050453 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 453

Author(s):

Jack M. Bridges ◽

George P. Petropoulos ◽

Nicola Clerici

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

High Intensity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Forest Litter ◽

Fuel Load ◽

Fire Intensity ◽

Litter Layer ◽

Prevention Policy ◽

Calcium Magnesium

One of the major pedological changes produced by wildfires is the drastic modification of forest soil systems properties. To our knowledge, large research gaps are currently present concerning the effect of such fires on forest Haplic Luvisols soils in Central Europe. In this study, the effects of experimental fires on soil organic matter and chemical properties at different burning intensities in a Central European forest were examined. The study was conducted at Damak Forest, in Hungary, ecosystem dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees, including the rare Hungarian oak Quercus frainetto Ten. The experimental fires were carried out in nine different plots on Haplic Luvisol soils transferred from Damak Forest to the burning site. Three types of fuel load were collected from the forest: litter layer, understorey and overstorey. Groups of three plots were burned at low (litter layer), medium intensity (litter and understorey) and high intensity (litter, understorey and overstorey). Pre-fire and post-fire soil samples were taken from each plot, analysed in the laboratory and statistically compared. Key plant nutrients of organic matter, carbon, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were analysed from each sample. No significant differences in soil organic matter and carbon between pre- and post-fire samples were observed, but high intensity fires did increase soil pH significantly. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus availability increased significantly at all fire intensity levels. Soil potassium levels significantly decreased (ca. 50%) for all intensity treatments, in contrast to most literature. Potassium is a key nutrient for ion transport in plants, and any loss of this nutrient from the soil could have significant effects on local agricultural production. Overall, our findings provide evidence that support the maintaining of the current Hungarian fire prevention policy.

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The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 779

Author(s):

Václav Voltr ◽

Ladislav Menšík ◽

Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽

Martin Hruška ◽

Eduard Pokorný ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Hot Water ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

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Soil texture affects the coupling of litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108302 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108302

Author(s):

Gerrit Angst ◽

Jan Pokorný ◽

Carsten W. Mueller ◽

Isabel Prater ◽

Sebastian Preusser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Litter Decomposition ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Soil Organic Matter Formation

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COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DA FUSARIOSE E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA-DO-REINO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i2.4960 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Carla Da Penha Simon ◽

Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat ◽

Marcelo Barreto Da Silva ◽

Bernardo Torres Olmo ◽

Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Irregular Sampling ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Chemical Attributes

A pimenta-do-reino é a especiaria mais consumida no mundo e o Brasil destaca-se como um dos maiores produtores. Um dos grandes limitantes no seu cultivo é a fusariose (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis). Objetivou-se com a realização deste estudo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino, verificando a existência de relação com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma lavoura localizada no município de São Mateus-ES, na qual foi estabelecida uma malha amostral irregular com 79 pontos, abrangendo uma área de um hectare. Para a amostragem da fusariose foi realizado um levantamento, onde uma planta por ponto da malha amostral foi classificada em sadia, doente ou morta. Os atributos do solo amostrados foram: pH em H2O, matéria orgânica, cálcio, magnésio, potássio e textura do solo. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e ferramentas da geoestatística. Os semivariogramas ajustados apresentaram uma forte dependência espacial para as variáveis intensidade da fusariose, altimetria, matéria orgânica, textura do solo, pH, cálcio, magnésio potássio (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 e 85 % respectivamente). Os mapas gerados indicam que não há relação da intensidade da fusariose com os atributos do solo estudados no experimento.Palavra-chave: epidemiologia, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geoestatística, Piper nigrum L. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FUSARIOSE AND SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN THE BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION ABSTRACT:Black pepper is the most consumed spice in the world, Brazil stands out as one of the largest producers. One of the major constraints in cultivation is fusariosis (Fusarium solani f. Piperis). The objective of this study was characterize the spatial variability of fusariosis in black pepper and verify the relationship of chemical attributes of the soil. The study was developed in a tillage located in the municipality of São Mateus - ES, which exist an irregular sampling network was established with 79 points, covering an area of one hectare. For the sampling of fusariosis intensity, the survey was performed, where one plant per point of the sample mesh was classified as healthy, symptomatic or dead. The attributes of the soil sampled were: pH in H2O, organic matter, nutrient content (calcium, magnesium, potassium) and soil texture. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and geostatistics tools. The adjusted semivariograms indicated a strong spatial dependence for the variables intensity of fusariosis, altimetry, organic matter, soil texture, pH, calcium, potassium magnesium (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 and 85%, respectively). The generated maps indicate that there is no relation between the incidence of fusariosis and the soil attributes studied in the experiment.Keywords: epidemiology, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geostatistics, Piper nigrum L. DOI:

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Status and Speciation of Silicon and Its Interaction with Physico-Chemical Properties

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology ◽

10.9734/ajee/2021/v14i230199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Isaiah Ufuoma Efenudu ◽

Ehi Robert Orhue ◽

Ogochukwu Jennifer Ikeh ◽

Michael Aimiesomon Erhayimwen ◽

Blessing James

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Acidic Medium ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Sequential Fractionation ◽

Soil Redox ◽

Parent Materials ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Negative Effect

The effectiveness of three different extractants soil mixtures—HCl, HCl + H2S04, and DTPA-TEA, in order to determine Si from soil and the forms of Silicon as influenced by different parent materials under acidic medium. Seven forms of Silicon; namely water soluble, specifically adsorbed, oxides bound, organic matter bound, exchangeable, residual, total viz sequential fractionation. Extractable Si value established in this study was (50.0 mg kg-1), indicating negative effect on plant physiology. The physico-chemical properties decreased significantly with increase in soil depth vs soil parent materials. In addition, the forms of Si in the parent materials decreased in the pattern RES, bound residual fractions > EXC, soluble & exchangeable fractions > OM, organic matter fraction. Among the properties the silt fraction, pH & OM significantly and positively correlated with the forms of silicon, with negative correlation vs clay which maybe due to silicon adsorption by clayey fraction of the soil (redox). Therefore the soil maybe be maintained and conserved for farming activities.

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