scholarly journals Immediate Changes in Organic Matter and Plant Available Nutrients of Haplic Luvisol Soils Following Different Experimental Burning Intensities in Damak Forest, Hungary

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Jack M. Bridges ◽  
George P. Petropoulos ◽  
Nicola Clerici
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

One of the major pedological changes produced by wildfires is the drastic modification of forest soil systems properties. To our knowledge, large research gaps are currently present concerning the effect of such fires on forest Haplic Luvisols soils in Central Europe. In this study, the effects of experimental fires on soil organic matter and chemical properties at different burning intensities in a Central European forest were examined. The study was conducted at Damak Forest, in Hungary, ecosystem dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees, including the rare Hungarian oak Quercus frainetto Ten. The experimental fires were carried out in nine different plots on Haplic Luvisol soils transferred from Damak Forest to the burning site. Three types of fuel load were collected from the forest: litter layer, understorey and overstorey. Groups of three plots were burned at low (litter layer), medium intensity (litter and understorey) and high intensity (litter, understorey and overstorey). Pre-fire and post-fire soil samples were taken from each plot, analysed in the laboratory and statistically compared. Key plant nutrients of organic matter, carbon, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were analysed from each sample. No significant differences in soil organic matter and carbon between pre- and post-fire samples were observed, but high intensity fires did increase soil pH significantly. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus availability increased significantly at all fire intensity levels. Soil potassium levels significantly decreased (ca. 50%) for all intensity treatments, in contrast to most literature. Potassium is a key nutrient for ion transport in plants, and any loss of this nutrient from the soil could have significant effects on local agricultural production. Overall, our findings provide evidence that support the maintaining of the current Hungarian fire prevention policy.

scholarly journals Researches Regarding the Electro-Conductivity Determination on Different Soil Textures from Romania, Before Sowing

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulian -Florin VOICEA ◽  
Mihai MATACHE ◽  
Valentin VLADUT
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Agricultural Operations

Precision farming involves the collection of detailed information about the characteristics of agricultural operations. Electro-conductivity (EC) of soil is one of the tests easier and less costly for agriculture, which can be performed today. Electro-conductivity (EC) is the ability of a material to transmit (conduct) an electrical current and is usually expressed in miliSiemens / meter (MS / m). Electro-conductivity (EC) of soil is a measurand that characterizes many soil properties which affect the productivity of crops. These include the water content, soil texture, soil organic matter (OM), depth to clay layer, the capacity of cation exchange (CEC), salinity, calcium, magnesium. Measurements of electro-conductivity (EC) of soil can add value to agricultural operations if they can be used to help explain variations in agricultural production. Article shows electro-conductivity maps models of the prepared soil in different locations in Romania and electro-conductivity correlation with the physico-chemical properties of these soils

FOREST LITTER CONSTRAINTS ON THE PATHWAYS CONTROLLING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 108447
Author(s):  
Luís F.J. Almeida ◽  
Ivan F. Souza ◽  
Luís C.C. Hurtarte ◽  
Pedro Paulo Teixeira ◽  
Thiago M. Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Formation

A long-term nitrogen fertilizer gradient has little effect on soil organic matter in a high-intensity maize production system

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth M. Bach ◽  
Rhae A. Drijber ◽  
Kirsten S. Hofmockel ◽  
Elizabeth S. Jeske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Production System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maize Production

scholarly journals Soil fertility, organic carbon and fractions of the organic matter at different distances from eucalyptus stumps

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Erli Faria ◽  
Nairam Félix de Barros ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Ivo Ribeiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Topsoil Layer

Knowledge on variations in vertical, horizontal and temporal characteristics of the soil chemical properties under eucalyptus stumps left in the soil is of fundamental importance for the management of subsequent crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus stumps (ES) left after cutting on the spatial variability of chemical characteristics in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol in the eastern coastal plain region of Brazil. For this purpose, ES left for 31 and 54 months were selected in two experimental areas with similar characteristics, to assess the decomposition effects of the stumps on soil chemical attributes. Soil samples were collected directly around these ES, and at distances of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 cm away from them, in the layers 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm along the row of ES, which is in-between the rows of eucalyptus trees of a new plantation, grown at a spacing of 3 x 3 m. The soil was sampled in five replications in plots of 900 m² each and the samples analyzed for pH, available P and K (Mehlich-1), exchangeable Al, Ca and Mg, total organic carbon (TOC) and C content in humic substances (HS) and in the free light fraction. The pH values and P, K, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ contents varied between the soil layers with increasing distance from the 31 and 54-monthold stumps. The highest pH, P, K, Ca2+ and Mg2+ values and the lowest Al3+ content were found in the surface soil layer. The TOC of the various fractions of soil organic matter decreased with increasing distance from the 31 and 54-month-old ES in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers, indicating that the root (and stump) cycling and rhizodeposition contribute to maintain soil organic matter. The C contents of the free light fraction, of the HS and TOC fractions were higher in the topsoil layer under the ES left for 31 months due to the higher clay levels of this layer, than in those found under the 54-month-old stumps. However, highest C levels of the different fractions of soil organic matter in the topsoil layer reflect the deposition and maintenance of forest residues on the soil surface, mainly after forest harvest.

scholarly journals Scots pine Pinus sylvestris mortality after surface fire in oligotrophic pine forest Peucedano-Pinetum in Kampinos National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Piotr T. Zaniewski ◽  
Leszek Bolibok ◽  
Mateusz Piątkowski ◽  
Andrzej Szczepkowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Organic Horizon ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
The Third

Abstract Pines are generally fire-resistant trees. There is a shortage of research on the behaviour of Scots pine after surface fire in older stands. The aim of the work was to describe the effect of the surface fire intensity on the mortality of pines of various diameter at breast height (DBH), including older trees. The research was conducted in Peucedano-Pinetum oligotrophic Scots-pine forest in Kampinos National Park (KPN, central Poland) on the area of two adjacent surface fire sites originated in spring 2015 in 60- to 200-year-old stands (site area: 10,92 ha). There were 45 (28 burned and 17 control) permanent plots established after the fire. The share of not burned, superficially burned and completely burnout organic horizon of the soil was determined within all of them. DBH and location of pine trees were measured within all of the plots on the area of 200 m2. For all of the trees for which full information about soil organic horizon damage was mapped, the prevailing type of disturbance in their close neighbourhoods with radii of 1 and 2 m was assessed. The mortality of trees was assessed after each vegetation period up to 2017, basing on the presence of green needles on the trees. The influence of fire intensity on the survival of trees was examined on whole permanent plot level as well as on individual tree level. Strong linear correlation was observed between Scots pine mortality and the share of plots area with damaged organic layer, especially at the end of the third vegetation period after fire. Logistic regression models constructed for individual trees suggest that bigger tree diameter (hence, thicker bark) diminished the odds of mortality only after two vegetation periods from the fire. After the third vegetation period, only the intensity of surface fire in the close neighbourhood of trees influenced (negatively) the chance on survival. The size of trees did no matter in this case. Nearly all of the trees that were located within burnout organic matter areas died. The results did not support the commonly known mechanism of enhancement of bigger Scots pine tree survival after surface fire because of thicker bark responsible for heat protection. Probably, the main cause of observed mortality was not overheating of cambium but it was rather connected to massive fine root loses. Scots pines growing on oligotrophic arid sites modify their root system to explore topsoil layers with higher proportion of shallow roots, growing even in organic litter layer. This corresponds with massive (regardless of size) pine mortality within sites characterised by complete burnout of organic matter layer and very high survival in those ones with only surfacely burned litter layer. The results can improve the assessment of surface fires consequences in managed Scots pine stands growing in oligotrophic conditions.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of improving coastal saline-alkali soil by periphyton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhu ◽  
Tianyun Shao ◽  
Yujie Zhou ◽  
Xiumei Gao ◽  
Xiaohua Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Unplanted Soil

Periphyton plays an indispensable role in coastal saline-alkali land, but its function is poorly understood. Soil physical and chemical properties (pH value, salinity, soil organic matter), enzyme activity and microbial diversity (based on 16s rDNA, ITS and functional genes) were measured in periphyton formed on rice-growing coastal saline-alkali soil modified by a new type of soil conditioner. The results showed that the content of organic matter and catalase activity in periphyton were significantly higher than in the unplanted control soil. Soil pH and salinity were decreased in periphyton compared to the unplanted control soil. Based on the relative abundance, bacterial genera Desulfomicrobium, Rhodobacter, cyanobacterium_scsio_T−2, Gemmatimonas, and Salinarimonas as well as fungal genus Fusarium were more abundant in periphyton than the unplanted control soil. In terms of functional genes, the cbbM and cbbL sequencing showed higher abundance of Hydrogenophaga, Rhodovulum, Magnetospira, Leptothrix, and Thiohalorhabdus, whereas the nifH sequencing indicated higher abundance of Cyanobacteria in the periphyton compared to the unplanted soil. The relative abundance and community structure of soil microorganisms were improved by periphyton, thus reducing soil salinity and pH, increasing soil organic matter and enzyme activity. This indicated that the periphyton can improve the conditions and offer a suitable environment for plant growth in coastal saline-alkali soil.

scholarly journals Impact of Cement Dust on Physical and Chemical Nutrients Properties of Forest Topsoil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-700
Author(s):  
A.P. Adebiyi ◽  
H.O. Adigun ◽  
K.J. Lawal ◽  
K.D. Salami ◽  
V.A.L. Adekunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Cation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

: The study examined the impact of Cement dust on physical and chemical nutrients properties of forest topsoil in close proximity to a major private cement industry in Obajana, Kogi State, Nigeria using standard methods by collecting Topsoil samples for physical and chemical properties analyses which are particle size, moisture content, pH, carbon, nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter.Data revealed a strong influence of the particulate pollutants on the forest topsoil in close proximity to the Cement factory. It was observed that the soil properties; moisture content and soil pH varied at distances away from the factory. The result showed that the Cement dust particles entering the soil increased the pH of the soil, it more alkaline. The highest pH (6.03) was observed from hundred and fifty meters sample indicating the highest particulate pollution. There were also variations in the other soil nutrient properties; carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter arising from the effect of cement dust. High organic matter content was recorded in the location samples compared with the control sample. This is attributed to the addition of cement dust to the soils, resulting in improved organic-matter cycling and plant growth. The result also showed that the chemical properties; organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are significantly higher in the study areas than the control. The study therefore concludes that the emission of cement dust on the forest stands over the years was found to have significantly affected the topsoil properties.

Effect of Tillage and Cover Crop on Fluometuron Adsorption and Degradation under Controlled Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake A. Brown ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Donald D. Tyler ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Till

Fluometuron adsorption and degradation were determined in soil collected at three depths from no-till + no cover, conventional-till + no cover, no-till + vetch cover, and conventional-till + vetch cover in continuous cotton. These combinations of tillage + cover crop + soil depth imparted a range of organic matter and pH to the soil. Soil organic matter and pH ranged from 0.9 to 2.5% and from 4.7 to 6.5, respectively. Fluometuron adsorption was affected by soil depth, tillage, and cover crop. In surface soils (0 to 4 cm), fluometuron adsorption was greater in no-till + vetch plots than in conventional-tilled + no cover plots. Soil adsorption of fluometuron was positively correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Fluometuron degradation was not affected by adsorption, and degradation empirically fit a first-order model. Soil organic matter content had no apparent effect on fluometuron degradation rate. Fluometuron degradation was more rapid at soil pH > 6 than at pH ≤ 5, indicating a potential shift in microbial activity or population due to lower soil pH. Fluometuron half-life ranged from 49 to 90 d. These data indicate that tillage and cover crop may affect soil dissipation of fluometuron by altering soil physical and chemical properties that affect fluometuron degrading microorganisms or bioavailability.

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