scholarly journals In Vitro Testing of the Insecticide Reldan 22 on Swine Oocyte Maturation

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Miclea ◽  
Dragos Cosma ◽  
Marius Zahan ◽  
Anamaria Pernes ◽  
Vasile Miclea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The United States ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Protection Agency

Chlorpyrifos (Reldan 22) is an widely used insecticide for the control of insect pests in agricultureand in residential areas. It is classified as moderately toxic by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and has been quantified in human biological fluids. Given that the use of porcine and bovine models for testing chemicals has increased recently we designed an experiment to test the toxicity of several Chlorpyrifos concentrations and investigate its effects on maturation of swine oocytes. Swine oocytes from ovaries harvested in a commercial slaughterhouse were cultured for 44-45h in M199 supplemented with the following Reldan 22 concentrations: 0.1, 0.5, 1 or 2 µg/ml. Cumulus oophorous expansion was assessed and oocytes were denuded and stained with 1 µg/ml fluorescein diacetate to estimate viability. Afterwards, oocytes were fixed in a 60% methanol/DPBS solution and stained with 50 µg/ml propidium iodide to observe the DNA stage. Differences were analysed by the analysis of variance and interpreted using the Tuckey test. Our research shows that the insecticide Reldan 22® stimulated cumulus expansion to an extent but reduced oocyte viability which was accompanied by an increase in the number of immature oocytes and a decrease in the percentages of gametes that resumed meiosis. This leads us conclude that its presence in the oocyte environment is toxic for development at concentrations 0.5, 1 and 2 µg/ml.

Abstract 16822: Dust Storms in the United States are Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James L Crooks ◽  
Wayne Cascio ◽  
Madelyn Percy ◽  
Jeanette Reyes ◽  
Lucas Neas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The U.S

Introduction: Extreme weather events such as dust storms are predicted to become more frequent as the global climate warms through the 21st century. Studies of Asian, Saharan, Arabian, and Australian dust storms have found associations with cardiovascular and total non-accidental mortality and hospitalizations for stroke. However, the only population-level epidemiological work on dust storms in the United States was focused on a single small metropolitan area (Spokane, WA), and it is uncertain whether its null results are representative of the country as a whole. Hypothesis: Dust storms in the United States are associated with daily cardiovascular mortality. Methods: Dust storm incidence data (N=141), including date and approximate location, as well as meteorological station observations, were taken from the U.S. National Weather Service. County-level mortality data for the years 1993-2005 were acquired from the National Center for Health Statistics. Ambient particulate matter monitor concentrations were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Inference was performed used conditional logistic regression models under a case-crossover design while accounting for the nonlinear effect of temperature. Results: We found a 9.5% increase in cardiovascular mortality at a two-day lag (95% CI: [0.31%,19.5%], p = 0.042). The results were robust to adjusting for heat waves and ambient particulate matter concentrations. Analysis of storms occurring only on days with <0.1 inches of precipitation strengthened these results and in addition yielded a mean daily increase of 4.0% across lags 0-5 (95% CI: [0.07%,20.8%], p = 0.046). In Arizona, the U.S. state with the largest number of storms, we observed a 13.0% increase at a three-day lag (CI: [0.40%,27.1%], p = 0.043). Conclusions: Dust storms in the U.S. are associated with increases in lagged cardiovascular mortality. This has implications for the development of public health advisories and suggests that further public health interventions may be needed. Disclaimer: This work does not represent official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy.

A Compaction-Granulation Process Turns Municipal Sludge into a Valuable Fertilizer Component

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Philip Wolstenholme
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Planning And Design

To prepare dried municipal sludge material for use by the fertilizer industry, Ocean County Utilities Authority, New Jersey needed a process to increase the size of their sludge particles to between 1 and 3 millimetres. Several processes were evaluated during the planning and design phases of the project. The most cost-effective and reliable process was pressure agglomeration by compaction with a roll press, followed by granulation and screening of the compacted material. This process was tested with a sample of the Authority's digested sludge, which had been dried in a laboratory-scale evaporator. Fullscale compaction and granulation test equipment was used at a laboratory in West Germany to confirm the feasibility of the process and to develop data for the design of the project. As a result of its “innovative” approach to sludge processing, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) qualified this $60 million project for special funding. The project is nearing construction completion and due to be commissioned in spring of 1990.

Field Decontamination and Triage in Chemical Emergencies

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Constance J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Cleanup ◽  
Materials Handling ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
The U.S

Triage and rescue of casualties from accidents involving hazardous materials is a challenge for many emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. With very toxic materials, the untrained and unprepared rescuer may become a victim. In addition, few hospitals in the United States have decontamination units attached to their emergency departments and emergency department personnel may become exposed if the casualty is not decontaminated. Many environmental cleanup teams, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) team, are well trained in materials handling but are not immediately available when a hazardous materials spill with personal injuries occurs.

scholarly journals Nymphs of Ixodes ricinus Are More Sensitive to Deet Than Adult Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kulma ◽  
Oldřich Kopecký ◽  
Terezie Bubová
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Tick Attachment ◽  
Unique Measure ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACT The use of repellents is a unique measure of personal protection, which can avoid tick attachment and thus reduce the risk of tick-borne infections. In the European Union, the efficacy of the repellents coming onto the market has to be evaluated according to the guidelines published by the European Chemical Agency before registration. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has a similar role. Despite obvious differences in morphology and behavior, both these guidelines allow the use of nymph or adult female ticks for laboratory testing. Here, we provide evidence that sensitivity to diethyltoluamide (deet) (P &lt; 0.0001) of Ixodes ricinus nymphs within the in vitro trial was significantly higher than in adult females. In the experiment, we also observed that feral ticks were less sensitive to repellent than were laboratory-reared ticks (P &lt; 0.01) and that mobility decreased when the trial was repeated (P &lt; 0.05). This study showed that the results of efficacy tests could vary significantly even when the protocol was conducted in accordance with the recommended methods. To refine the results of efficacy tests, we recommend a reevaluation of the guidelines, with emphasis on the developmental stage and origin of ticks.

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