Airborne Bacteria and Fungi Concentration in Relation with Bedding Type in Broiler Houses

The aim of this work was the investigation of the effect of bedding type on the airborne concentration of bacteria and fungi in broiler houses. The study was performed in two commercial farms (A and B) with different bedding (chopped straw in farm A, sunflower seed hulls in farm B). The determination of the bacteria and fungi’s numbers was performed in the first and the sixth weeks of the production cycle. Both the concentration of the bacteria and fungi showed higher values in the farm A compared with the farm B, especially in the latter period of the production cycle. In both farms, significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded between the two periods of the determinations. The results of this study suggest that using sunflower seed hulls as bedding leads to lower levels of microbial contamination of the air in broiler houses, comparing with the use of chopped straw.

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The influence of housing systems on the air quality and bacterial eggshell contamination of table eggs

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/64/2009-cjas ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Vuèemilo ◽

B. Vinkoviæ ◽

K. Matkoviæ ◽

I. Štokoviæ ◽

S. Jakšiæ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airborne Fungi ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Airborne Bacteria ◽

Airborne Dust ◽

Air Contamination ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Housing Systems ◽

Cage System ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

This paper compares two different housing systems for laying hens producing table eggs, namely a conventional cage system and an aviary, during three summer months, starting from the 20th week of the production cycle. Research was focused on airborne bacteria, fungi and dust levels and on the bacterial eggshell contamination. Levels of airborne bacteria determined in the aviary system were many times higher and ranged from 6.2 × 104 CFU/m3 to 8.9 × 104 CFU/m3, and the levels of airborne fungi ranged from 1.6 × 104 to 1.9 × 104 CFU/m3, while the levels of airborne bacteria and fungi determined in the conventional cage system ranged from 1.6 × 104 to 2.5 × 104 CFU/m3 and from 0.8 × 104 to 1.3 × 104 CFU/m3, respectively. Microbial air contamination was associated with eggshell contamination, with the levels in the aviary ranging from 5.4 × 103 to 9.6 × 103 CFU/eggshell and those in the conventional cage system ranging from 2.3 × 103 to 3.6 × 103 CFU/eggshell. Airborne dust levels in the aviary and conventional cage system ranged from 3.2 to 4.6 mg/m3 and from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/m3, respectively. From the aspect of animal welfare and behavioural requirements, alternative systems, i.e. aviaries, appear more acceptable; however, they are not satisfactory from hygienic aspects because of a higher content of airborne pollutants which can represent a greater risk of horizontal contamination of the egg content.

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Determination of Indoor Air Quality in Archives and Biodeterioration of the Documentary Heritage

ISRN Microbiology ◽

10.5402/2012/680598 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sofía Borrego ◽

Paola Lavin ◽

Ivette Perdomo ◽

Sandra Gómez de Saravia ◽

Patricia Guiamet

Keyword(s):

Indoor Air ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

National Archive ◽

Magnetic Devices ◽

Functional Additives ◽

The Republic ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

The Relationship

Documentary heritage is permanently subject to suffering from physical, chemical, and/or biological alterations. Biological deterioration by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) causes undesirable changes on material properties. Microorganisms affect different organic, natural or synthetic substrates (cellulose, polycarbonates), metals, and compounds of optical and magnetic devices (CD, VHS). Paper made by vegetal fibers, functional additives (glue, optical polishers, consolidating agents), and inks with organic bindings are used as sources of nutrients. The environmental microorganisms that form the microbial charge of indoor air at repositories (archives, libraries) storing cultural heritage can deteriorate the different supports of heritage importance and affect human health as allergies and skin affections. The aims of this research were to study microbial contamination of the environment and its influence on biodeterioration by the biofilm formation and to analyze the relationship between environment microbiota and biofilm formation in materials stored at three archives in Argentina and in two repositories of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba.

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Assessment of the indoor air quality based on airborne bacteria and fungi measurements in a public school of Istanbul

Arabian Journal of Geosciences ◽

10.1007/s12517-020-06252-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

Author(s):

Nuket Sivri ◽

Ahmet Ozgur Dogru ◽

Arzu Funda Bagcigil ◽

Kemal Metiner ◽

Dursun Zafer Seker

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Public School ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Airborne Bacteria ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

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Determination of statistical sampling criteria for microbial contamination of cereal and Saeng-sik products

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112129

Author(s):

You Jin Kim ◽

Ju Yeon Park ◽

Soo Hwan Suh ◽

Mi-Gyeong Kim ◽

Hyo-Sun Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Contamination ◽

Statistical Sampling

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Mechanically Ventilated Broiler Sheds: a Possible Source of Aerosolized Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01380-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (23) ◽

pp. 7417-7425 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

H. N. Chinivasagam ◽

T. Tran ◽

L. Maddock ◽

A. Gale ◽

P. J. Blackall

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Airborne Bacteria ◽

Probable Number ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

The Public ◽

E Coli ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Low Levels

ABSTRACT This study assessed the levels of two key pathogens, Salmonella and Campylobacter, along with the indicator organism Escherichia coli in aerosols within and outside poultry sheds. The study ranged over a 3-year period on four poultry farms and consisted of six trials across the boiler production cycle of around 55 days. Weekly testing of litter and aerosols was carried out through the cycle. A key point that emerged is that the levels of airborne bacteria are linked to the levels of these bacteria in litter. This hypothesis was demonstrated by E. coli. The typical levels of E. coli in litter were ∼108 CFU g−1 and, as a consequence, were in the range of 102 to 104 CFU m−3 in aerosols, both inside and outside the shed. The external levels were always lower than the internal levels. Salmonella was only present intermittently in litter and at lower levels (103 to 105 most probable number [MPN] g−1) and consequently present only intermittently and at low levels in air inside (range of 0.65 to 4.4 MPN m−3) and once outside (2.3 MPN m−3). The Salmonella serovars isolated in litter were generally also isolated from aerosols and dust, with the Salmonella serovars Chester and Sofia being the dominant serovars across these interfaces. Campylobacter was detected late in the production cycle, in litter at levels of around 107 MPN g−1. Campylobacter was detected only once inside the shed and then at low levels of 2.2 MPN m−3. Thus, the public health risk from these organisms in poultry environments via the aerosol pathway is minimal.

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Thermal Environmental Interference with Airborne Bacteria and Fungi Levels in Air-Conditioned Offices

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x08089260 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 122-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

L.T. Wong ◽

K.W. Mui ◽

P.S. Hui ◽

W.Y. Chan ◽

A.K.Y. Law

Keyword(s):

Airborne Bacteria ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Environmental Interference

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THE MECHANISM OF DIVERSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL RISKS AND THEIR ASSESSMENT

Market Infrastructure ◽

10.32843/infrastruct56-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Viacheslav Dereza

Keyword(s):

Financial Risk ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Financial Risks ◽

Economic Entity ◽

The Subject ◽

Lending Rates ◽

Financial Losses ◽

Level Of Risk

The article discusses approaches to minimizing financial losses by diversifying financial risks, it is proposed to improve the mechanism for diversifying financial risks, which should consist of the following stages: 1) Formation by the financial and economic department of the subject (enterprise, bank, investment company, etc.) of the input data, depending on the type of activity, among which the most typical are: volumes and structure of credit resources, their price, borrowing terms, loan currency, volumes and structure of product exports and imports of goods, export and import currencies, duration of the production cycle, volumes and structure of securities portfolio, types of securities, profitability indicators, types and the level of expenses. 2) Determination of the types of financial risks faced by an economic entity, and its measurement for each type, as well as the level of losses suffered by an economic entity in previous periods, in order to assess the feasibility of diversifying financial risks. 3) Determination of the most effective diversification options for an economic entity by comparing the costs of implementing possible options and the resulting from diversification by reducing the level of risk. 4) Assessment of other options for minimizing losses from financial risks that the entity can apply and which can be grouped as follows: hedging risks, limiting and compensating risks. 5) Calculation of financial implications for an economic entity from the introduction of financial risk diversification To do this, it is necessary to compare the costs and the expected effect of diversification, that is, will the level of risk decrease, or what will be the maximum possible financial losses. Calculated on the basis of statistical data, the values of the coefficient of variation of deposit and lending rates, as well as the exchange rate of UAH to foreign currencies. A methodology for assessing the level of possible financial losses and the effectiveness of the process of diversifying financial risks is proposed. The introduction of a mechanism for diversifying financial risks will help reduce financial losses by economic entities, which in turn will improve the overall financial results of their activities.

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Microbial Contamination in Some Commercial Biscuits in Baghdad City

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.7.2.867-875 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 867-875

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Local Markets ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Number Of Bacteria

This study has been conducted to know the level of microbial ( bacteria and fungi) contamination in 5 types of biscuits from local markets of Baghdad city. Fifty samples (ten sample for each kind of biscuit) were studed,Two are local,others are Iranian,Turkish,and Holandies. The following results have been achieved :1. The highest number of bacteria was 21.6×103 cell/g in Iranian biscuit while the lowest number was 14.3× 103 cell/g in local biscuit No.1 . The highest number of fungi was 16×103 colony/g and the lowest number was 5.3×103 colony/g in the Iranian and the local biscuit No.1,respectively.2. Staphylococcus aureus was the major bacteria appeared at highest level of 100% in Turkish biscuit. The lowest percentage was found in Hollandian biscuit with 37.28%. Bacillus cereus was the major bacteria with a percentage of 100% in local biscuit No.2 where as the lowest was in local biscuit No,1with a percentage of 20.93%, while it was not existed in Turkish biscuit. Esherichia coli was found in Hollandian biscuit at highest rate of 38.98% , the lowest value was appeared in Iranian biscuit with 28.16% while it was not exited in local biscuit No.1,2 and Turkish biscuit.3. Aspergillus niger appeared at highest level of 66.66% in Hollandian biscuit, while was the lowest 37.73% in local biscuit No.1 and not existed in local biscuit No.2, The highest value of A.flavus was 69.76% in local biscuit No.2 and the lowest value in Hollandian biscuit in percentage 8.33%. It has not appeared in Iranian and Turkish biscuit. The A. terreus appeared at highest rate in Turkish biscuit with 33.33% , the lowest value was in local biscuit No.2 at 11.62% and was not appeared in Hollandian biscuit.The Penicillium spp. Was found at highest rate 25% in Hollandian biscuit , the lowest value of 9.52% was appeared in Turkish biscuit.

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