scholarly journals Studies on the Structure of Flowers and Inflorescences of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevriye MERT
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Conducting Tissue ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study reports on the arrangement of flower buds and structure of floral organs of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars local to Turkey. The local cultivars were investigated under stereo microscope, light microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that each node has two oppositely positioned buds on 1-year-old shoot. Inflorescences resembled the umbel structure that enclosed four (two sets of oppositely oriented) bud scales. The mean flower number varied between 16.3 and 19.9 per cluster among the cultivars. The flowers resembled the hermaphrodite type and one flower was found to have four rudimentary sepals, four petals, four stamens, and one pistil. The stamens were noted to be arranged around the base of the ovary. Each normal anther was observed to have two pollen-producing theca, and each theca was found to have two locules. The number of pollen grains per anther varied between 1380 and 4240 among the genotypes. The pistil was noted to have a deeply hollowed papillate stigmatic surface, and the central part of the style had conducting tissue. The ovarium part of the pistil was found to be surrounded by the nectary tissue, inferior type, and had two atropous ovules. The fruit resembled single-seeded, stone fruit type. This study is the first detailed study on the flower morphology and inflorescences of the cornelian cherry cultivars in Turkey.

scholarly journals Variations and abnormalities of stamen morphologies in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mert ◽  
A. Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Scanning Electron

: Stamen morphologies of six cornelian cherry cultivars (Degirmendere, Erkenci Degirmendere, İri Bardak, Yuvarlak Bardak, Uzun Memeli, and Bugur) (<I>Cornus mas</I> L.) were evaluated using scanning electron, light and stereo microscopes. Flowers of cornelian cherry cultivars generally had four stamens, but a few of them had three or five stamens. Abnormal and normal stamens were found together in the cultivars examined. Percentages of abnormal stamens among the cultivars ranged from 12% to 22%. Various types of stamen abnormalities were identified in the cultivars such as variations in filament length, abnormalities in anther structure, fusion of stamen to other floral organs. Pollen grain numbers per anther varied between 1,380 and 4,240 among the cultivars. Abnormal anther surface morphology in the cultivars consisted of uneven and swollen epidermal cells. Anther dimensions varied between 624.00 and 1,001.25 &mu;m in length and 460.50 and 745.50 &mu;m in width. Anthers of all the cultivars had subprolate and prolate type of shapes.

scholarly journals Palynomorphological study of Dianthus petraeus waldst. et kit. (Caryophyllaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Macukanovic-Jocic ◽  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
Mica Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

The pollen morphology of Dianthus petraeus (Caryophyllaceae), which is endemic to the Balkans, has been examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide taxonomically valuable characters that might be used in the classification of the Caryophyllaceae, as well as to contribute to the pollen atlas of Serbian apiflora. The pollen grains of D. petraeus are radially symmetrical, apolar, spheroidal and medium-sized. The mean of the pollen diameter is 45.5?1.4 ?m. The sculpturing pattern of exine is microechinate-microperforate, and the tectum is covered with minute echini averaging 0.8?0.1 ?m in length, more or less evenly distributed between the perforations. The microechini average number per sample area of 5 ?m x 5 ?m is 3.2?0.6. In view of the number, position and type of the apertures, the grains are polypantoporate, with about 13 operculate pores, averaging 6.4?0.7 ?m in diameter. Each operculum is covered with 4-6 conical spinules, which are longer than those on the exine surface. The mean interporal distance is 13.3?1.3 ?m. The obtained palynological results provide information that contribute towards a better understanding of the taxonomic status of D. petraeus.

scholarly journals Pollen Morphology and Anatomy of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevriye Mert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Transmission Electron

Morphology and ultrastructure of pollen grain were described for six cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars (Degirmendere, Erkenci Degirmendere, İri Bardak, Yuvarlak Bardak, Uzun Memeli, and Bugur) using light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen grains of cornelian cherry cultivars are trizonocolporate, the germinal furrow extending almost the full length of the grain axis. Pollen grain length for the studied cultivars ranged from 23.63 to 25.13 μm. Two different pollen shapes were observed: oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal. Significant changes in various layers of the pollen wall are as follows: the thickness of the intine: 233.1 to 406.4 nm, exine: 510.2 to 842.7 nm, and total wall 851.4 to 1175.8 nm. Percentages of abnormal pollen grains ranged from 3.9% to 27.6% among the cultivars. Abnormal pollen grains were categorized as: 1) shrunken pollen grains of abnormal appearance with little cytoplasm; 2) pollen grains of normal appearance with little or no cytoplasm; and 3) shrunken, abnormal pollen grains of elliptical shape with a colpate-type aperture.

scholarly journals Flowering and nectar and pollen flow in Geranium sanguineum L., Geraniaceae

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Masierowska
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Modified Stomata ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
The Mean

This 3-year study examined the seasonal and daily dynamics of blooming, as well as the nectar and pollen production in <i>Geranium sanguineum</i> L. Moreover, the type and localization of floral nectaries were observed using LM and SEM, and measurements of pollen grains were performed. The visitation of insects on flowers was monitored, too. <i>Geranium sanguineum</i> bloomed from the beginning of May until the middle of July with the peak occurring between the second and the fifth week of flowering period. Most of the flower buds opened on plants in the afternoon hours. Flowers are protandrous. In a flower, nectar is secreted by five phanarothetic-discoid nectaries and it flows through modified stomata. It was found that one gland is bigger than the others. Ten flowers produced 30.58 mg of highly concentrated nectar, on average. The mean mass of total sugars secreted in nectar per 10 flowers was 7.94 mg. Pollen mass per 10 flowers was 23.14 mg, on average. Tricolpate, spherical pollen grains can be classified as very big size (sporae permagne). Flowers of <i>G. sanguineum</i> were visited mainly by honey bees, bumble bees and flies. Insects collected mainly nectar.

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

scholarly journals The force effects of two types of polyethylene terephthalate glyc-olmodified clear aligners immersed in artificial saliva

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Xiang ◽  
Xingxing Wang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Yichen Xu ◽  
Menghan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractNumerous factors can influence the force exerted by clear aligners on teeth. This study aimed to investigate the stability of the force delivered by two different material appliances. 90 clear aligners with 2 materials and three different activations were designed and fabricated. Then, a device was employed to measure the force generated by the two types of PET-G material appliances immersed in artificial saliva for 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe the morphologic alterations on the aligner surfaces, respectively. The forces generated by different activation appliance exhibited differently, 0.0 mm < 0.1 mm < 0.2 mm. In addition, increasing the immersion times and the orthodontic force also decreased, but the forces decreased differently. Compared with the forces of conventional PETG appliances with 0.20 mm activation, the modified PETG appliances with the same activation exhibited significantly higher mean force. When comparing the mean force for modified PETG appliances after 10 and 14 days with conventional PETG appliances, the delivery forces exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05). The force delivered by both materials decreased obviously following artificial saliva immersion, and the force generated by modified aligners exhibited better stability than conventional aligners.

Fruit Characteristics of Different Varieties of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Cultivated in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Jurečková ◽  
Pavel Diviš ◽  
Jitka Cetkovská ◽  
Milena Vespalcová ◽  
Jaromír Pořízka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Iranian Dracocephalum L. (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Naderifar ◽  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Abbas Gholipour
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen morphology of 11 Iranian Dracocephalum L. species was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate their taxonomic significance for the infrageneric classification of the genus. Pollen grains of all examined taxa were isopolar, hexacolpate, circular in polar view and spheroidal to prolate in equatorial view (P/E = 1.0?2.0). The smallest pollen grains were observed in D. aucheri (P = 29.7 ?m, E = 22.6 ?m), while the largest pollen was found in D. lindbergii (P = 45.1 ?m, E = 33.7 ?m). The highest and lowest apocolpium index (AI) were measured in D. aucheri (AI = 0.27) and D. surmandinum (AI = 0.08), respectively. Colpus membrane was egranulate in all examined species except for D. multicaule and D. ghahremanii. The main exine ornamentation type was characterized as bireticulate including five different subtypes. The results revealed that the exine ornamentation is a diagnostic character useful for the classification of Dracocephalum.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 99-110, 2015 (December)

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