Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

Dalnegroite, Tl5–xPb2x(As,Sb)2l–xS34, a new thallium sulphosalt from Lengenbach quarry, Binntal, Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nestola ◽  
A. Guastoni ◽  
L. Bindi ◽  
L. Secco
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Probable Space

AbstractDalnegroite, ideally Tl4Pb2(As12Sb8)Σ20S34, is a new mineral from Lengenbach, Binntal, Switzerland. It occurs as anhedral to subhedral grains up to 200 μm across, closely associated with realgar, pyrite, Sb-rich seligmanite in a gangue of dolomite. Dalnegroite is opaque with a submetallic lustre and shows a brownish-red streak. It is brittle; the Vickers hardness (VHN25) is 87 kg mm-2(range: 69—101) (Mohs hardness ∼3—3½). In reflected light, dalnegroite is highly bireflectant and weakly pleochroic, from white to a slightly greenish-grey. In cross-polarized light, it is highly anisotropic with bluish to green rotation tints and red internal reflections.According to chemical and X-ray diffraction data, dalnegroite appears to be isotypic with chabournéite, Tl5-xPb2x(Sb,As)21-xS34. It is triclinic, probable space groupP1, witha= 16.217(7) Å,b= 42.544(9) Å,c= 8.557(4) Å, α = 95.72(4)°, β = 90.25(4)°, γ = 96.78(4)°,V= 5832(4) Å3,Z= 4.The nine strongest powder-diffraction lines [d(Å) (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.927 (100) (10 0); 3.775 (45) (22); 3.685 (45) (60); 3.620 (50) (440); 3.124 (50) (2); 2.929 (60) (42); 2.850 (70) (42); 2.579 (45) (02); 2.097 (60) (024). The mean of 11 electron microprobe analyses gave elemental concentrations as follows: Pb 10.09(1) wt.%, Tl 20.36(1), Sb 23.95(1), As 21.33(8), S 26.16(8), totalling 101.95 wt.%, corresponding to Tl4.15Pb2.03(As11.86Sb8.20)S34. The new mineral is named for Alberto Dal Negro, Professor in Mineralogy and Crystallography at the University of Padova since 1976.

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
G. Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules

In Situ Template Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotube Array Films

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2200-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Feng Jiang ◽  
Yun Han Ling ◽  
Su Ju Hao ◽  
Hong Yi Li ◽  
Xin De Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Liquid Phase Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anodic Aluminum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scanning Electron

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is commonly used as a starting template for fabrication of several kinds of functional nanoscale devices due to its homogeneous nanohole structure with high aspect ratio. In this paper, high density and uniform titanium dioxide nanotube array films were prepared via liquid phase deposition method by immersing the AAO templates in an aqueous ammonium hexafluorotitanate solution. The phase and microstructure of the nanotube array films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the mean inner diameters of nanotube are 40-100 nm, mainly depended on different templates and post treatment condition; the phase of as-deposited TiO2 array film was amorphous, while it became anatase at above 400°C.

scholarly journals Investigation of Ferrimagnetic Sr-hexaferrite Nanocrystals for Clinical Hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
pp. X
Author(s):  
Burcu ERTUĞ
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ceramic Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sr-hexaferrite samples were produced via the conventional ceramic method. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns confirmed the single nanocrystal phase as Sr-hexaferrite where any pattern peaks of unreacted Fe2O3 phase were  not detected. The mean crystallite size values were determined to be 44.12±3.4nm and 41.2±3.2nm for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. The chemical bonding peaks of our sample indicated that the structure of Sr-hexaferrite formation was confirmed by FTIR spectra result. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated clearly observed porosity regions with relative densities as high as 94% and 87% for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2 samples.The vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) of each sample at 2K and under a magnetic field of 10 kOe yielded saturation magnetizations, Ms of 93.5 and 94.1 emu/g; remanence values, Mr of 76.4 and  67.8 emu/g for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. The magnetization loops of both samples indicated a soft ferrimagnetic behaviour in which the saturation magnetizations were higher than those measured  at room temperature in the previous studies. The coercivities, Hc were measured to be 150Oe for both samples. The squareness values, SQR (Mr/Ms) were measured to be high, approximately 0.82 and 0.72 for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. Depending on the adequate values of magnetization and coercivity along with small mean crystallite size and low porosity values of the obtained Sr-hexaferrite samples, we estimate that these samples are likely to be evaluated further for the potential use as thermoseeds in the field of clinical hyperthermia.

On-Belt Determination of Calcium Concentration by X-ray Fluorescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
M. Hirvonen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Analysis

AbstractX-ray fluorescence has a long tradition as an on-line analysis method in many kinds of industrial processes. It is capable of determining elemental concentrations in material flows even under severe and varying process conditions with an accuracy which is often sufficient for on-line control purposes. Many times the elemental concentrations correlate highly enough with those of the minerals of interest to give useful mineral analysis. In general, a rather well-defined geometry in the XRF measurement is necessary for accurate results, which may impose strict requirements on the sampling system.

scholarly journals POTASSIUM MOVEMENT IN RELATION TO NERVE ACTIVITY

1951 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham M. Shanes
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Squid Axon ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wet Weight

The depolarization of crab nerve during repetitive stimulation is unaffected by the presence of glucose or by an increase in the calcium content of the medium. It is increased in both amplitude and rate by veratrine; in the presence of this alkaloid mixture the rate but not the magnitude of the depolarization is increased by an elevation in the calcium concentration. Repolarization following stimulation is unaltered by glucose and accelerated by a greater calcium concentration. Veratrine increases both the amplitude and the time constant of repolarization; its effect on the time constant is counteracted by an elevation of the calcium in the medium. Potassium released during stimulation and its reabsorption following activity have been observed by analyses of small volumes of sea water in contact with crab nerve. Under the conditions employed 3 x 10–8 µM potassium is liberated per impulse per gm. wet weight of nerve. This loss is increased by low concentrations of veratrine, which also increase the amount reabsorbed during recovery. The depletion of potassium from the medium is appreciably less if the potassium previously released during activity has not been removed. Inexcitability resulting from anoxia can be washed away with oxygen-free solution—rapidly and completely in the case of the squid axon, slowly and incompletely in crab nerve. The potassium shifts are in the proper direction and of the correct order of magnitude to account for the negative and positive after-potentials in terms of potassium accumulation or depletion in the extracellular space.

Tension and electrolyte changes with Na+-K+ pump inhibition in rat papillary muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. H942-H953
Author(s):  
D. Parsons ◽  
K. P. Burton ◽  
H. K. Hagler ◽  
J. T. Willerson ◽  
L. M. Buja
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
The Mean

Myocardial ischemic injury results in altered membrane integrity, energy depletion, and electrolyte shifts leading to accumulation of intracellular Ca. However, analysis of the direct effects of Ca accumulation is complicated by other concomitant cellular changes produced by ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ca loading in rat papillary muscles produced by Na+-K+ pump inhibition in oxygenated K+-free buffer. Changes in contractile characteristics, high energy phosphate, and elemental concentrations of subcellular compartments were measured. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to assess elemental concentrations in cryosections. After 3 h of Na+-K+ pump inhibition, resting tension (RT) increased to 164% and developed tension (DT) fell to 16.8% of control values. One hour after return to complete buffer, RT and DT partially recovered but remained significantly different from the 180 to 240-min values for the control muscles. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed increases in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Na and Ca and a decrease in K during Na+-K+ pump inhibition. Mitochondrial Ca was greater than 100-fold greater than Ca in control mitochondria. Morphologically, the majority of cells showed ultrastructural damage. The mean ATP level was 20% of control. After 1 h of recovery, the cells appeared more heterogeneous, and the mean mitochondrial Ca decreased, whereas mean cytoplasmic Ca increased. Further statistical analysis showed a bimodal distribution for Na, Ca, K, Mg, and Cl, which coincided with the morphologically mixed population of cells. This suggests that replacement of extracellular K+ was associated with restored electrolyte gradients in some cells and the persistent or further alteration of electrolytes in others. These results suggest that variable Ca accumulation and associated ATP depletion without the compounding effects of ischemia lead to cell injury similar to reperfusion injury reported in ischemic myocardium.

Importance of the relative x-ray line intensities

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1636-1637
Author(s):  
János L. Lábár ◽  
Charles E. Fiori ◽  
Robert L. Myklebust
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Standardless Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Relative intensities of the non-analytical lines of an element (as compared to the analytical X-ray line of the same element) directly affect the accuracy of quantitative X-ray microanalysis. Correct spectral deconvolution can only be based on the knowledge of these relative intensities. Not even wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) is free from spectral overlaps, making deconvolution of the X-ray lines necessary. A typical example for such a serious overlap can be the L line series of different rare-earth elements simultaneously present in the same sample. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) is even more affected. Many EDS systems are equipped on scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Quick standardless analysis is frequently in use in these systems. Starting approximation of the elemental concentrations are based on computed "standard intensities" in contrast to measured ones in full quantitative analysis. Computation of the generated standard intensities directly contain the relative intensities of other lines too.

scholarly journals Element concentration changes in mitotically active and postmitotic enterocytes. An x-ray microanalysis study.

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
I L Cameron ◽  
N K Smith ◽  
T B Pool
Keyword(s):  
Element Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Late Anaphase ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Analytical Equipment ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mitotic Chromatin

Unfixed freeze-dried and uncoated tissue sections of the mouse duodenum were suspended across a hole in a carbon planchet and analyzed in a scanning electron microscope fitted with energy-dispersive x-ray analytical equipment. Computer analysis of the x-ray spectra allowed elemental microanalysis of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and late anaphase-early telophase chromatin regions in the cryptal and villus enterocytes. Elemental concentrations (mmol/kg dry wt) were measured for Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca. None of the elements were compartmentalized preferentially in either the nucleus or the cytoplasm of interphase enterocytes of crypts or in postmitotic enterocytes of villi. In contrast, Ca, S, and Cl are detectable in significantly higher concentrations in mitotic chromatin of dividing enterocytes of the crypt as compared to surrounding mitotic cytoplasm, but Na, Mg, and P are in lower concentrations in the mitotic chromatin as compared to mitotic cytoplasm. Interphase enterocytes of crypts have higher concentrations of Mg, P, and K, and lower concentrations of Na than do postmitotic enterocytes of villi.

scholarly journals Application of scanning electron microscopy to x-ray analysis of frozen-hydrated sections. I. Specimen handling techniques.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Saubermann ◽  
P Echlin ◽  
P D Peters ◽  
R Beeuwkes
Keyword(s):  
Specimen Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Scanning Electron

X-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated tissue sections permits direct quantitative analysis of diffusible elements in defined cellular compartments. Because the sections are hydrated, elemental concentrations can be defined as wet-weight mass fractions. Use of these techniques should also permit determination of water fraction in cellular compartments. Reliable preparative techniques provide flat, smooth, 0.5 micrometers-thick sections with little elemental and morphological disruption. The specimen support and transfer system described permits hydrated sections to be transferred to the scanning electron microscope cold stage for examination and analysis without contamination or water loss and without introduction of extraneous x-ray radiation.

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