scholarly journals Vegetative propagation and ex-situ conservation of Acantholimon androsaceum and Limonium chersonesum, two promising local endemics of Crete (Greece) available for floricultural and pharmaceutical sustainable exploitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12261
Author(s):  
Katerina GRIGORIADOU ◽  
Nikos KRIGAS ◽  
Virginia SARROPOULOU ◽  
Eleni MALOUPA ◽  
Georgios TSOKTOURIDIS
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Rich

The continual search for new attractive ornamentals and innovative natural medicinal products is the main focus of floricultural and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. Aiming to introduce two new Cretan endemic species in the commercial trade, Acantholimon androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. and Limonium chersonesum Erben & Brullo (Plumbaginaceae) have been selected in the current study. These were derived from a total of 223 local endemic species and subspecies of Crete, which constitute an exceptional wild treasure of the Mediterranean flora. Prior to any commercialization, efficient massive propagation protocols are required. Although sexual propagation using seeds collected from the wild was unsuccessful for these two taxa, the results of vegetative propagation experiments were satisfactory. Wild plant material was used for cuttings in order to develop a reasonable and homogenous number of stock mother plants for propagation trials. As a result of experiments conducted in the current research, two vegetative propagation protocols were developed, which could be used commercially for the massive production of elite clonal plants of A. androsaceum and L. chersonesum. These protocols provide 71.43% successful rooting for A. androsaceum within 40 days, using 2000 ppm IBA, and 80.95% rooting for L. chersonesum within 30 days, using 1000 ppm IBA. This study is part of a strategy and research methodology aiming at the selection of new, rare and endemic native industrial crops for the ornamental and pharmaceutical sector, exploiting sustainably the rich phytogenetic resources of Crete.

scholarly journals Propagation and ex-situ conservation of Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana and Scutellaria hirta - two ornamental and medicinal Cretan endemics (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12168
Author(s):  
Katerina GRIGORIADOU ◽  
Nikos KRIGAS ◽  
Virginia SARROPOULOU ◽  
Eleni MALOUPA ◽  
Georgios TSOKTOURIDIS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Human needs and concomitant commercial trade to date trigger the demand of new ornamental plants and new natural medicinal products. The current study includes preliminary seed germination trials and presents the development of effective vegetative propagation protocols for Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana (Dipsacaceae) and Scutellaria hirta (Lamiaceae), both globally rare, local endemics of Crete (Greece) with potential ornamental and medicinal value. Based on material collected directly from the wild, seed germination was succeeded (38%, T50: 10.74) only for L. minoana subsp. minoana. The optimal indole-3-butyric acid concentrations for effective rooting of cuttings were 2000 mg L-1 for L. minoana subsp. minoana (85%) and 4000 mg L-1 for S. hirta (50%). Seasonal differences were observed in respective rooting rates of the studied taxa. The detected rooting rates for L. minoana subsp. minoana cuttings are above standards to allow possible commercial application in the ornamental industry. Although the detected rooting rate (50%) for S. hirta was adequate for its ex situ conservation, it seems almost marginal for future commercial application and further investigation is needed. The sustainable utilization of these Cretan endemics studied herein provides new input for the ornamental-horticultural and cosmetic-pharmaceutical industries. This study shows how rare and endemic wild plant species can be progressively domesticated and introduced into sustainable cultivation systems in order to avoid the depletion of unique phytogenetic resources.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling, in vitro propagation, and genetic assessment of the endangered rare plant Anarrhinum pubescens

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Abdelsalam ◽  
Ehab Mahran ◽  
Kamal Chowdhury ◽  
Arezue Boroujerdi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Nodal Cutting ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Plant Shoots

Abstract Background Anarrhinum pubescens Fresen. (Plantaginaceae) is a rare plant, endemic to the Saint Catherine area, of South Sinai, Egypt. Earlier studies have reported the isolation of cytotoxic and anti-cholinesterase iridoid glucosides from the aerial parts of the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profiling of the wild plant shoots as well as establish efficient protocols for in vitro plant regeneration and proliferation with further assessment of the genetic stability of the in vitro regenerated plants. Results Twenty-seven metabolites have been identified in wild plant shoots using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolites include alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, and a phenol. In vitro propagation of the plant was carried out through nodal cutting-micropropagation and leaf segment-direct organogenesis. The best results were obtained when nodal cutting explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mg/L) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.05 mg/L), which gave a shoot formation capacity of 100% and a mean number of shoots of 27.67 ± 1.4/explant. These shoots were successfully rooted and transferred to the greenhouse and the survival rate was 75%. Genetic fidelity evaluation of the micropropagated clones was carried out using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient indicated a similarity as high as 98% and 95% from RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the chemical profiling of the aerial part of Anarrhinum pubescens. Moreover, in vitro regeneration through different tissue culture techniques has been established for mass propagation of the plant, and the genetic fidelity of the in vitro regenerated plants was confirmed as well. Our work on the in vitro propagation of A. pubescens will be helpful in ex situ conservation and identification of bioactive metabolites.

scholarly journals Structure of the phenotypic variability of fruit and seeds of Dipteryx alata vogel (Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Emanuel Silva Mota ◽  
Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura Novaes ◽  
Luciana Borges e Silva ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

Abstract Dipteryx alata Vogel (“baru tree”) is a fruit species native to the Brazilian Cerrado and presents a multiplicity of uses, constituting a priority species for domestication and cultivation studies. The objective of the current study was to characterize fruit and seeds of D. alata from several regions of the Brazilian Cerrado biome to support strategies for ex situ conservation and utilization of the genetic variability of the species. Fruits were collected from 25 subpopulations, sampling six mother plants per subpopulation, with collection of at least 25 fruits per plant. The physical trait data of the fruits and seeds were submitted to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlation among traits. There was significant variation for all traits among subpopulations and among individuals within subpopulations. The highest proportion of variability was observed among individuals within subpopulations. The phenotypic differentiation among subpopulations was higher for fruit traits compared to seed traits. The correlation analysis showed the existence of significant correlations for most of the traits pairs in the different hierarchical levels. It was concluded that D. alata presents phenotypic variability to support germplasm collection programsand formation of base populations for breeding programs, recommending the sampling in several locations to ensure an adequate representativeness of the phenotypic variability.

Lectotypification of the name Alnus brembana (Betulaceae), a controversial Alpine endemic species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Nicola M.G. Ardenghi ◽  
Gabriele Galasso
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Transitional Forms

Alnus brembana Rota (1853: 102, 79) (Betulaceae) was described by Italian botanist Lorenzo Rota (1819−1855) within his flora of the province of Bergamo (Rota 1853). Since its publication, the treatment of this taxon as an autonomous species did not reach a general agreement among botanists, as it was often recongnized at different taxonomic ranks, e.g. a variety or a subspecies (see e.g., Regel 1865, Parlatore 1868, Cesati et al. 1872, Arcangeli 1882, Fiori 1923, Schmidt 1996), or a synonym of A. alnobetula (Ehrhart 1783: 193) Koch (1872: 625). Some contemporary authors (Landolt 1993, 2010, Martini et al. 2012) still recognize the species as a local endemic to the southern Alps. Most current European floras and checklists  (see e.g., Ball 1964, Pignatti 1982, Greuter et al. 1984, Ball 1993, Aeschimann et al. 2004, Conti et al. 2005, Euro+Med 2006 onwards) do however list it as a synonym of A. alnobetula subsp. alnobetula or its synonym A. viridis (Chaix 1785: 70) Candolle in Candolle & Lamarck (1805: 304). Its separation from A. alnobetula is questionable, since, as stated by Landolt (1993) himself, transitional forms occur within their alleged distribution areas.

A new species of rock-dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tamil Nadu, southern India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4571 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
AKSHAY KHANDEKAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis is described based on a series of nine specimens from near Sankari in Salem district, Tamil Nadu state, southern India. The new species is diagnosable by the following suite of characters: a small-sized Cnemaspis (adult snout to vent length less than 33 mm); heterogeneous dorsal pholidosis consisting of weakly keeled granular scales intermixed with large strongly keeled, conical tubercles, 9–11 rows of dorsal tubercles, 12–17 tubercles in paravertebral rows; spine-like scales absent on flank, 17–20 lamellae under digit IV of pes. Males with 4–6 femoral pores on each thigh, separated on either side by eight poreless scales from four precloacal pores; precloacal pores separated medially by a single poreless scale; two single dorsal ocelli on occiput and between forelimb insertions, two pairs of ocelli on either side just anterior and posterior to forelimb insertions. Cnemaspis agarwali sp. nov. is the fifth endemic species of Cnemaspis from peninsular India outside the Western Ghats and highlights the rich and unique diversity of this understudied region. 

scholarly journals GIS-Facilitated Effective Propagation Protocols of the Endangered Local Endemic of Crete Carlina diae (Rech. f.) Meusel and A. Kástner (Asteraceae): Serving Ex Situ Conservation Needs and Its Future Sustainable Utilization as an Ornamental

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Katerina Grigoriadou ◽  
Virginia Sarropoulou ◽  
Nikos Krigas ◽  
Eleni Maloupa ◽  
Georgios Tsoktouridis
Keyword(s):  
Added Value ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Sustainable Exploitation ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Shoot Propagation

Conservation and sustainable exploitation of threatened endemic plants with medicinal and/or horticultural/ornamental value can be achieved through the development of effective propagation protocols. After unveiling the bioclimatic preferences of Carlina diae (Asteraceae) with geographic information systems (GIS), four propagation trials were conducted using seeds of this endangered local Cretan endemic for in vivo and in vitro germination, as well as seasonal vegetative propagation trials (softwood cuttings) and micropropagation (nodal explants). Seed germination was accomplished at a level of 77–90% in vivo (30 days) and 96% in vitro (10 days) using an MS medium with 2.9 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). The optimum treatments for cuttings’ rooting were 1000 and 2000 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (11–16 roots, 2–3 cm long, 100% rooting) within 40 days in mist. In vitro shoot propagation exhibited a 2.8 proliferation rate after six successive subcultures on an MS medium with 2.9 μM GA3. Both ex vitro rooting and acclimatization were successful in 40 days, with 96% microshoot rooting and an equal survival rate. The GIS-facilitated effective species-specific propagation protocols developed in this study can consolidate the perspective of successful re-introduction of ex situ-raised material of C. diae into wild habitats and may serve its sustainable exploitation for high-added value ornamental products.

Conservation gap analysis of crop wild relatives in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Tas ◽  
George West ◽  
Gun Kircalioglu ◽  
S. Boyraz Topaloglu ◽  
Jade Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Research Institute

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa relatively closely related to crops that can contribute beneficial traits for crop improvement, such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Turkey has a rich flora of approximately 11,000 higher plant taxa, has two Vavilov centres of crop diversity (i.e. the Mediterranean and the Near East), is recognized as the cradle of agriculture providing the northern boundary of the Fertile Crescent, and has recently been identified as the country with the highest concentration of CWR diversity. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a gap analysis of CWR genetic diversity in Turkey using existing data sources of 458 of the 764 priority CWR taxa with available georeferenced data. In total, 27,597 presence points were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute in Menemen and Field Crops Central Research Institute, Ankara. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to identify taxon richness, sampling bias, future ex situ population collection and location where existing protected sites could form the basis of national network of in situ genetic reserves. CWR taxon richness was located along the Aegean Coast, Syrian border and southern Mediterranean coast. Current ex situ representation of CWR taxa is inadequate and further collection across the entire country is required. The highest priority in situ reserve location is found in Izmir, Sanliurfa and Antalya province, which reflects overall CWR richness.

scholarly journals Safeguarding Wild Plant Genetic Resources of Georgia within the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tsira Mikatadze-Panstulaia ◽  
Sandro Kolbaia ◽  
Ana Gogoladze
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens

Working group of the Department of Plant Conservation of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia (NBGG) have been participating in the global Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew since 2005. During the 2005-2018 period, within the scope of MSB-1 and MSB-2, seeds and herbarium samples of more than 1750 plant species and interspecific taxa, belonging to 107 families and 483 genera (more than 41% of Georgia’s flora) – 348 endemics of Caucasus and 151 endemics of Georgia, have been secured in the National Seed Bank of Georgia (NSB). Seed Bank data are managed in BRAHMS (Department of Plant Sciences of Oxford University). The collection of wild plant species is accompanied by the comprehensive database of geographical, botanical and habitat information. Later phase involves laboratory treatment and germination/viability testing (at least 500 seeds per species) and the long-term deposition and storage (under -20◦C temperature) at the National Seed Bank of Georgia. The duplicates of seed collection and herbarium vouchers are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Germination capacity and viability of collections in NSB is determined before cold storage of seeds, while at the MSB already banked seeds are tested.Keywords: Seed bank; Ex-situ conservation; Plant diversity; Botanical garden; Genetic resources

scholarly journals Plant Diversity Conservation Challenges and Prospects—The Perspective of Botanic Gardens and the Millennium Seed Bank

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2371
Author(s):  
Elinor Breman ◽  
Daniel Ballesteros ◽  
Elena Castillo-Lorenzo ◽  
Christopher Cockel ◽  
John Dickie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Integrated Conservation

There is a pressing need to conserve plant diversity to prevent extinctions and to enable sustainable use of plant material by current and future generations. Here, we review the contribution that living collections and seed banks based in botanic gardens around the world make to wild plant conservation and to tackling global challenges. We focus in particular on the work of Botanic Gardens Conservation International and the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with its associated global Partnership. The advantages and limitations of conservation of plant diversity as both living material and seed collections are reviewed, and the need for additional research and conservation measures, such as cryopreservation, to enable the long-term conservation of ‘exceptional species’ is discussed. We highlight the importance of networks and sharing access to data and plant material. The skill sets found within botanic gardens and seed banks complement each other and enable the development of integrated conservation (linking in situ and ex situ efforts). Using a number of case studies we demonstrate how botanic gardens and seed banks support integrated conservation and research for agriculture and food security, restoration and reforestation, as well as supporting local livelihoods.

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