scholarly journals Phenotypic aberrations during micropropagation of Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) Adr. Juss

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar CHIRUVELLA ◽  
Arifullah MOHAMMED ◽  
Rama Gopal GHANTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Shoot Necrosis

Like most of the medicinal plants Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae) possess significance for its valuable secondary metabolites. Multiplication of this endemic plant is limited by difficulty in rooting of stem cuttings, high seedling mortality rates and low seed viability period. Hence efficient protocols for in vitro mass propagation has been established from field grown and aseptic seedlings explants. Strikingly, we observed aberrant structures such as vitrified shoots, faciated shoots, albino shoots as well shoot necrosis during its micropropagation. These phenotypic maladies were observed during organogenesis and rooting. Compared to other abnormalities, shoot necrosis nonetheless was frequent and pronounced leading to plant death. Shoots when subjected to rooting also displayed necrosis which was controlled by transferring to MS medium containing various concentrations and combinations of calcium levels, activated charcoal, glucose, fructose and auxins. Microshoots initiated roots on half strength MS medium with IBA and IAA individually or in combination within two weeks. MS half strength solid medium supplemented with CAN (556 mg l–1), CAP (1.0 mg l–1), IAA (2.0 mg l–1) and IBA (2.0 mg l–1) in combination was found to be more efficient in showing high frequency (95%) of root regeneration. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and 70-85% of regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to natural environment. In vitro derived plantlets were morphologically similar to in vivo plants.

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. – a rare medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Hybanthus Enneaspermus ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractHybanthus enneaspermusis a rare medicinal plant. We defined a protocol for micropropagation,ex vitrorooting of cloned shoots and their acclimatization. Surface-sterilized nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin). Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1BAP was found optimum for shoot induction from the explants and 6.4±0.69 shoots were regenerated from each node with 97% response. Shoots were further proliferated maximally (228±10.3 shoots per culture bottle with 7.5±0.43 cm length) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1each of BAP and Kin within 4–5 weeks. The shoots were rootedin vitroon half strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The cloned shoots were pulse-treated with 300 mg L–1 of IBA and cultured on soilrite® in a greenhouse. About 96% of the IBA-pulsed shoots rootedex vitroin soilrite®, each shoot producing 12.5±0.54 roots with 5.1±0.62 cm length. Theex vitrorooted plantlets showed a better rate of survival (92%) in a field study thanin vitrorooted plantlets (86%). A comparative foliar micromorphological study ofH. enneaspermuswas conducted to understand the micromorphological changes during plant developmental processes fromin vitrotoin vivoconditions in terms of variations in stomata, vein structures and spacing, and trichomes. This is the first report onex vitrorooting inH. enneaspermusand the protocol can be exploited for conservation and large-scale propagation of this rare and medicinally important plant.

scholarly journals Adjustment of Mineral Elements in the Culture Medium for the Micropropagation of Three Vriesea Bromeliads from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The Importance of Calcium

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Noemí Aranda-Peres ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
Edson Namita Higashi ◽  
Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
Half Strength

Many different species of Bromeliaceae are endangered and their conservation requires specific knowledge of their growth habits and propagation. In vitro culture of bromeliads is an important method for efficient clonal propagation and in vitro seed germination can be used to maintain genetic variability. The present work aims to evaluate the in vitro growth and nutrient concentration in leaves of the epiphyte bromeliads Vriesea friburguensis Mez, Vriesea hieroglyphica (Carrière) E. Morren, and Vriesea unilateralis Mez, which exhibit slow rates of growth in vivo and in vitro. Initially, we compared the endogenous mineral composition of bromeliad plantlets grown in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and the mineral composition considered adequate in the literature. This approach suggested that calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient and this was considered for new media formulation. Three new culture media were defined in which the main changes to half-strength MS medium were an increase in Ca, magnesium, sulfur, copper, and chloride and a decrease in iron, maintaining the nitrate:ammonium rate at ≈2:1. The main difference among the three new media formulated was Ca concentration, which varied from 1.5 mm in half-strength MS to 3.0, 6.0, and 12 mm in M2, M3, and M4 media, respectively. Consistently, all three species exhibited significantly higher fresh and dry weight on M4, the newly defined medium with the highest level of Ca (12 mm). Leaf nitrogen, potassium, zinc, magnesium, and boron concentrations increased as Ca concentration in the medium increased from 1.5 to 12 mm.

scholarly journals Improved micropropagation and foliar micromorphological studies in Turnera ulmifolia L. – An important medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Manokari ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The present study reports an efficient in vitro propagation system for Turnera ulmifolia using nodal segments as explants. Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae) is an important garden plant with multipotent medicinal values. Effective shoot proliferation was achieved on agar gelled MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The maximum number of shoots (8.3 ± 0.57) per initial explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 mM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.54 mM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of shoots (59.5 ± 2.10) proliferated on semi-solid MS medium (with agar) augmented with 2.22 mM of BAP and 2.32 mM of kinetin (Kin) along with 0.54 mM of NAA. Longer (4-5 cm) and healthy shoots were rooted (12.0 ± 0.10 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium fortified with 9.84 mM of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and transferred to the field. Significant developmental changes were observed in the foliar micromorphology of in vitro raised plantlets when these were transferred to the field. The stomatal index was gradually reduced (26.72 to 21.25) in the leaves from in vitro to field environments. But, vein-islets and veinlet terminations (13.4 and 7.6) were increased (39.7 and 18.4) respectively from in vitro to in vivo grown plants. Simple, unicellular, less frequent and underdeveloped trichomes were observed with the leaves of in vitro plants but fully developed trichomes recorded in the field transferred plants. The study could help in understanding the response and adaptation of tissue culture raised plantlets towards changed environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Phenology and seed germination of the Indian Screw Tree Helicteres isora L. (Malvales: Malvaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 11040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariappan Muthukumar ◽  
Thiruppathi Senthil Kumar ◽  
Mandali Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Helicteres Isora ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Mature Seeds

Helicteres isora L. (Malvaceae), a medicinally important tree species used in Ayurveda as well as by folklore practitioners, is studied for its phenology, associated problems with the environment and anthropogenic effects.  In Helicteres isora, flower buds are initiated by the end of July and flowering occurs during the middle of August to late October.  Fruits mature during late January to early April.  In between various factors like blister beetles, unidentified worms, deficit rainfall, early summer affect the flowering and seed setting, which cause 35–45 % loss.  Seed viability of mature seeds were recorded 88.2% at fresh collection and decreases over period of time. In vitro, among the various treatments, acid treated seeds (H2SO4, 98.0%; 1 min) resulted in the best germination response of 84.5%.  Sterile wet cotton soaked with sterile distilled water was found suitable for germination compared to other substratum, while half-strength MS medium with 2.0% sucrose was suitable for seedling development.

scholarly journals Direct Organogenesis from Rhizome Explants in Marsilea quadrifolia L.: A Threatened Fern Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Marsilea Quadrifolia ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Half Strength

An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed for Marsilea quadrifolia L. through direct organogenesis. The mature rhizomes were used as explants and successfully sterilized using 0.1% HgCl2 for the establishment of cultures. The multiple shoots were differentiated from the explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP). Full strength MS medium was reported to be effective for the induction of sporophytes from the rhizomes after four weeks of inoculation. Maximum response (96%) with average of 6.2 shoots (2.72 cm length) was achieved on full strength of MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg/L BAP in culture initiation experiments. The cultures were further proliferated in clusters (79.0±0.37 shoots per explant) with stunted growth on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BAP after four weeks. These stunted shoots were elongated (5.30 cm long) on half MS medium devoid of growth hormones. Root induction and proliferation (3.0–4.0 cm long) were observed after 4th subculture of sporophytes on hormone-free half strength MS medium. The rooted plantlets were hardened in the fern house for 4-5 weeks and transferred to the field with 92% survival rate. There were no observable differences in between in vivo grown and in vitro propagated plantlets in the field.

scholarly journals In-vitro Flowering and in-vivo Sex Expression of Micropropagated Parthenocarpic Gynoecious Cucumber

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Ajay Bhardwaj ◽  
T. Pradeepkumar ◽  
C. Varun Roch
Keyword(s):  
Sex Expression ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
Cotyledonary Explants ◽  
Half Strength

A micropropagation protocol for parthenocarpic gynoecious cucumber reduces the burden of producing the seeds for each generation and their maintenance in-vivo. Thus an experiment was conducted in order to regenerate the plants in-vitro to check their performance after micropropagation. The micropropagation resulted in maximum shoot initiation (100%) from seedling excised cotyledonary explants with half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IAA and 2 mg/l BAP along with half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l IAA for rooting and from stem nodal explants with Full MS + 1.5 mg/l IAA + 2 mg/l BAP media whereas half strength MS media without any hormones resulted in rooting and in both cases there were in-vitro flowers and change in their sex expression while grown in in-vivo conditions. On an average 61.11 and 48.15 percent survival was recorded from the plants regenerated through cotyledonary explants and stem nodal explants respectively. Out of five survived plants from regenerated parthenocarpic genotype CS 131 three showed monoecious sex expression and two exhibited gynoecious (parthenocarpic) sex expression. Mixed response of sex expression was evident in the regenerated parthenocarpic and gynoecious genotypes.

scholarly journals Plant Production and Leaf Anatomy of Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray: Comparison of In Vitro Culture Methods to Improve Acclimatization

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Andrea Copetta ◽  
Miriam Bazzicalupo ◽  
Arianna Cassetti ◽  
Ilaria Marchioni ◽  
Carlo Mascarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Temporary Immersion System ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Half Strength

Mertensia maritima is a commercially interesting herb with edible leaves and flowers, characterized by oyster flavor and taste. Plant propagation and traditional cultivation are challenging for this species. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to establish successful protocols aimed at ensuring oyster plant shoot propagation, rooting and in vivo acclimatization. Both micropropagation and rooting were tested, comparing the traditional in vitro solid substrate in jar vs. the liquid culture in a temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactor (Plantform™). A Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium added with 4-µM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was employed for micropropagation, while a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4-µM indole−3-butyric acid (IBA) was used for rooting. Different acclimatization conditions in the greenhouse or in growth chamber were tested. Morphometric and microscopical analyses were performed on the oyster plant leaves at the propagation, rooting and acclimatization stages both in a jar and in a TIS. Micropropagation in a TIS allowed to obtain large shoots, while a great number of shoots was observed in the jar. M. maritima shoots rooted in TIS produced more developed roots, leaves with more developed waxy glands and well-formed stomata; moreover, the plants coming from the TIS showed the best acclimatization performances.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Bioencapsulation and Ultrastructural Features of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) GrownIn VivoandIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sadegh Mohajer ◽  
Rosna Mat Taha ◽  
Minoo Mohajer ◽  
Arash Khorasani Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Somatic Embryogenic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

To explore the potential ofin vitrorapid regeneration, three varieties (Golpaygan-181, Orumieh-1763, and Gorgan-1601) of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliaScop. syn.Onobrychis sativaL.) were evaluated. For the first time, an encapsulation protocol was established from somatic embryogenic callus in torpedo and cotyledonary stages to create artificial seeds. Callus derived from different concentrations of Kinetin (0–2.0 mg L−1) and Indole-3-acetic acid (0–2.0 mg L−1) was coated with sodium alginate and subsequently cultured either in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium or in soil substrate. Adventitious shoots from synthetic beads developed into rooting in full and half strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Prolonged water conservation of black and red soils (1 : 1) had the highest rate of survival plantlets in the acclimatization process. Diverse resistance techniques inOnobrychis viciifoliawere evaluated when the plants were subjected to water deficiency. Higher frequency of epicuticular waxes was observed inin vivoleaves compared toin vitroleaves. Jagged trichomes nonsecreting glands covered by spines were only observed in the lower leaf side. Ultimately, stomata indices were 0.127 (abaxial), 0.188 (adaxial) inin vivoand 0.121 (abaxial), 0.201 (adaxial) inin vitroleaves.

Patterns of dormancy and germination in teak seeds collected from the farmland and forest plantations in Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
◽  
Venugopal Rajanbabu ◽  
Arumugam Alagesan ◽  
Velanganni Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
True Seed ◽  
Half Strength

In-vivo and in-vitro germination trials were done on the teak (Tectona grandis) seeds collected from a farmland and forest plantation in Tamil Nadu. Under in-vivo pot culture condition very low germination percent of drupes was observed in seed collected from plantation(Top slip) and famrland (Kumulur). When true seeds isolated from the drupes were grown under in vitro condition in half strength MS medium, the germination percent was significantly increased up to 63.3 per cent. True seed germination among two teak sources showed the presence of mechanical dormancy which was a major limiting factor for poor drupe germination for deployment of superior genetic materials.

scholarly journals Organogenesis and long-term micropropagatlon of Polish pea cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pniewski ◽  
Joanna Wachowiak ◽  
Józef Kapusta ◽  
Andrzej B. Legocki
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Axillary Meristems ◽  
Half Strength

The complete protocol for regeneration and long-term micropropagation of several Polish cultivars of pea (<em>Pisum sativum </em>L.) has been elaborated. The shoots were the most likely regenerated via de novo organogenesis. The adventitious buds formed in callus derived from cotyledons tissue adjacent to the axillary meristems of immature embryos. All cultivars' calli regenerated several shoots per explant on the MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins and 4.5 mgl<sup>-1</sup> of BAP, however some differences in regeneration capacity among cultivars were observed. The plantlets were subsequently micropropagated with slightly higher efficiency and preserving a good viability over the long-term culture on a medium containing 2.0 mgl<sup>-1</sup> than one with 4.5 mgl<sup>-1</sup> of BAP. The additional step of the pre-conditioning culture of multiplicated shoots on a medium with very low BAP concentration i.e. 0.02 mgl<sup>-1</sup> was applied and appeared to be beneficial before rooting in vitro or grafting. The modified MS-derived medium with the half-strength of MS macroelements but with the full original dose of calcium and supplemented with B5 vitamins and 1.0 mgl<sup>-1</sup> of NAA was developed for effective rooting. The shoots were also sufficiently transferred into ex vitro conditions using grafting. The majority of the regenerated plants had adapted to in vivo conditions in a greenhouse and subsequently has set seeds. The presented protocol provides relatively efficient rate of de novo pea regeneration and would be useful for <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated transformation purposes.

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