scholarly journals Control of Cherry Leaf Spot and Cherry Fruit Fly at Sour Cherry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria BOROVINOVA ◽  
Vilina PETROVA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Made In

The investigations were made in the experimental sour cherry orchard from the Institute of Agriculture, Kyustendil, Bulgaria, during the period 2010-2014, in order to compare conventional and integrated sour cherry protection against cherry leaf spot and cherry fruit fly. Two variants were investigated, with two different treatment approaches for the control of cherry leaf spot and cherry fruit fly. Variant 1 – cherry leaf spot was controlled by protective treatments with dodin and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin and cherry fruit fly was controlled by treatments with deltametrin and thiacloprid, independently of density. Variant 2 - cherry leaf spot was controlled by post-infection (curative) treatments with tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin and cherry fruit fly was controlled by treatments based on biological threshold: 10-11 cherry fruit fly females caught in traps up to the moment for chemical treatment. It was established that Blumeriella japii can be successfully controlled by post-infection treatments and by this the number of insecticide treatments was reduced. The treatments against cherry fruit fly can be avoided or reduced when the attack control is based on the biological threshold established in the studied area.

scholarly journals Control of Cherry Leaf Spot and Cherry Fruit Fly at Sour Cherry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria BOROVINOVA ◽  
Vilina PETROVA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot

scholarly journals Harmful Effect of Cherry Leaf Spot(Blumeriellajaapii)on Sour Cherry and Influence on Fruit Yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Milena Dimova ◽  
Miroslav Titjnov ◽  
Veselin Arnaudov ◽  
Stephan Gandev
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
The Town

The experiment was carried out in 2007-2012 in a sour cherry orchard with three cultivars – ‘Oblachinska’, ‘Schattenmorelle’ and ‘Heiman Ruby’- established in the region of the town of Hisar. In 2007 the control of cherryleafspot(Blumeriellajaapii) was conducted at improper time and inaccurate rates. That induced leaf defoliation in August. In the next vegetation periods (2008-2012) the control of cherry leaf spot was carried out by applying fungicides at definite rates at the most critical time for the host-pathogen system. During the next years (2009-2012) the trees of ‘Oblachinska’ cultivar yielded normally – 1300 kg/dekar, while the trees of the other two cultivars started improving their health status and the yield gradually increased, reaching up to 1600 kg/dekar(da) for ‘Heiman Ruby’ and 1100 kg/da for ‘Schattenmorelle’.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF YOUNG SOUR CHERRY TREES TO WOODCHIP MULCH AND DRIP IRRIGATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Daina Feldmane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Economical Losses ◽  
Cherry Trees

The productivity of sour cherries grown in Latvia is insufficient. Yielding of sour cherries can be advanced providing appropriate soil moisture and control of diseases. Cherry leaf spot as well as spur and twig blight are the most important sour cherry diseases which cause economical losses of the yield. The influence of woodchip mulch and drip irrigation on sour cherry yielding and resistance to the diseases is investigated. The drip irrigation and woodchip mulch increased the yield of cherries. The cultivar ‘Bulatnikovskaya’ was the most productive. Drip irrigation slightly improved resistance to cherry leaf spot for the cultivars ‘Zentenes’, ‘Orlica’ and ‘Tamaris’.

Effect of Sanitation Treatments on Leaf Litter Density and Leaf Spot Incidence in Integrated and Organic Sour Cherry Orchards

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Mulch Cover ◽  
Organic Orchards

A 3-year study was conducted to determine the effect of five sanitation treatments on leaf litter density (LLD), leaf spot incidence, and percent defoliation on two cultivars (‘Újfehértói fürtös’ and ‘Érdi bőtermő’) in two sour cherry orchards: one managed by integrated pest management principles with conventional fungicides and the other managed organically. The following sanitation treatments were compared: sprays of urea or lime sulfur in autumn, removing fallen leaves after leaf fall, straw mulch cover in late winter, sprays of urea or lime sulfur followed by mulch cover, removing fallen leaves followed by mulch cover, and a nonsanitized control. In both orchards and all years, LLD decreased by 2 to 28% in all treatment plots from early December to mid-May. LLD reduction was two to four times higher in the organic orchard compared with the integrated orchard. All treatments, except the lime sulfur or urea treatment alone, resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction of LLD in both the integrated and organic orchards compared with nonsanitized plots. Only leaf removal alone or in combination with mulch significantly (P < 0.05) reduced cherry leaf spot incidence and percent defoliation (by 11 to 70% and 15 to 72%, respectively) compared with nonsanitized plots. The application of these sanitation treatments in orchard management practices is discussed.

scholarly journals Screening Cherry Germ Plasm for Resistance to Leaf Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip S. Wharton ◽  
Amy Iezzoni ◽  
Alan L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
White Spots

A detached leaf disk assay was developed for screening sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) cultivars for resistance to cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii). This assay was used to characterize the events occurring in cv. Montmorency (susceptible) and cv. GiSelA 6 [GI 148-1] (resistant) host-pathogen interactions, and to develop a disease scoring scheme to categorize disease severity in sour cherry trees. Forty-three seedlings grown from seeds collected in Russia were screened for resistance using the scoring scheme. Cross infection studies were also carried out with leaf spot isolates from four other Prunus species. These studies were made possible by the development of a new method of culturing B. jaapii isolates, using cherry fruit agar. This method enabled large amounts of inoculum to be produced within 2 weeks rather than a couple of months as required previously. In ‘Montmorency’, disease symptoms were first observed 4 days postinoculation (dpi), with the appearance of small white spots on the undersides of inoculated leaves. These spots gradually grew, producing erumpent spore masses in acervuli approximately 7 dpi. In ‘GI 148-1’, disease symptoms were also first observed 4 dpi, with the appearance of small transparent lesions. In the majority of cases, these lesions did not increase in size; however, acervuli occasionally were formed approximately 8 dpi. These contained small cirrhi and were often surrounded by an abscission zone. Of the sour cherry seedlings tested, only ‘Almaz’ open pollinated (o.p.) R1(1) was rated as resistant. ‘Almaz’ o.p. R1(1) and ‘GI 148-1’ were also rated as resistant to leaf spot isolates from other Prunus species. These results and the implications for breeding resistant sour cherry cultivars are discussed.

Identification of a Source of Resistance to Cherry Leaf Spot

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 500c-500
Author(s):  
S.L. Downey ◽  
R. Karle ◽  
A.F. Iezzoni ◽  
A.L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Production Areas

Cherry leaf spot caused by Blumeriella jaapii (Rhem) Arx. is a major fungal disease of sour cherry in most of the world's sour cherry production areas. This fungus causes premature defoliation, which, in conjunction with low temperature winter injury, can result in death of limbs and entire trees. `Montmorency', the only major sour cherry cultivar grown in the United States, is highly susceptible to this fungus and numerous fungicides are required to prevent this disease. In 1996, sour cherry seedlings and GI 148-1, a triploid hybrid developed in Germany from the cross sour cherry (Prunus cerasus Schattenmorelle) × P. canescens (Schmidt and Gruppe 1988 HortScience 23: 112), were inoculated with spores of B. jaapii obtained from infected sour cherry leaves in the orchard. Lesion counts were taken on days 7 and 14 and the number of lesions per cm2 was calculated. This experiment was repeated in 1997, including a full sibling of GI 148-1, GI 148-2. Sour cherry and GI 148-2 were highly susceptible to cherry leaf spot. Within 14 days, these selections exhibited an average of 19.4 and 5.4 necrotic lesions per cm2 respectively, sporulation, chlorosis, and eventually leaf drop. In contrast, GI 148-1 had significantly fewer lesions on average (1.4 lesions per cm2), no apparent sporulation, chlorosis or leaf drop. Different reactions exhibited by siblings GI 148-1 and GI 148-2 suggest that the resistance gene(s) in 148-1 are on the P. canescens chromosome(s), not from the sour cherry parent, and that the P. canescens parent was not homozygous. GI 148-1 is currently being used in a backcross breeding program to develop resistant varieties.

Recycled Theatre: Virtuous Lives of the Reclaimed and the Reused

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-388
Author(s):  
Suk-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Dressing Room ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Made In

The moment when the actors’ sweltering bodies shed their crumbled costumes in the dressing room, the breakdown of the inseparable begins—the actors’ bodies and the costumes that presented a seamless portrayal of a character onstage now enter two separate realms. Although the living bodies will most likely appear onstage again, what about the costumes? Pickled with sweat and smeared makeup, they might be sprayed with alcohol before the next performance, or go through some chemical treatment and enter the shop to collect dust, or they might be sold off to those who want to make a big impression at the next Halloween party. But more often than not, they end up as landfill—those cheap, colorful, shiny shreds of garbage that were not produced in Mother Nature's belly, but were made in sweatshops by underpaid textile workers and draped by some overworked costume shop employee.

scholarly journals First Report of Alternaria Leaf Spot on Cherry Trees in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Thomidis ◽  
C. Tsipouridis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Cherry Trees

Cherry leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp. has been reported in China (1) but never in Greece. The fungus Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissler (CBS 119115) was isolated on acidified potato dextrose agar (2.5 ml of 85% lactic acid per liter of nutrient medium) from the leaves of cherry cv. A1/5 (hybrid of Prunus avium (L.) L.) at the Pomology Institute Naoussa, Greece in 2005. Microscopic morphology showed acropetal chains of multicellular conidia (dictyoconidia) produced sympodially from simple, sometimes branched, short or elongate conidiophores. Conidia are obclavate, obpyriform, sometimes ovoid or ellipsoidal, often with a short conical or cylindrical beak, pale brown, smooth-walled or verrucose. The percentage of diseased leaves was approximately 30 to 40%. Lesions first appeared on leaves in late spring as small, round, blackish spots and gradually enlarged to 2 to 5 mm in diameter with a brownish purple border. Some spots turned grayish brown, but most underwent a secondary enlargement and become irregular and much darker, acquiring a frogeye appearance. Similar symptoms were also observed on the leaves of cherry hybrids A1/3 and A5 established in the same cherry orchard. Zhu and Chang (1) reported that infected leaves of cherry trees by Alternaria seraci showed holes and resulted in early leaf fall. Symptoms were reproduced in the laboratory by spraying 2-year-old plants (20 plants) at the stage of fullleaf development, planted in pots, of the same cherry hybrid with conidia of the fungus. Aqueous suspension was adjusted to 3 × 10-6 conidia per ml (approximately 100 ml per plant) collected from an isolation of the fungus. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water without conidia. Plants were then placed in a growth chamber at 25°C for 3 months. After the incubation period, some leaves of the inoculated plants developed similar to those previously observed. No disease symptoms were observed in control leaves. Koch's postulates were satisfied after reisolating the fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence Alternaria leaf spot on cherry trees in Greece. Reference: (1) J. Zhu and Y. Chang. China Fruits 3:9, 2004.

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