scholarly journals Studies on metabolism and disposition of pesticides in mammals by in vivo/vitro/silico combination assessment method

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Nagahori
Keyword(s):  
Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Rybakova ◽  
Mariann Wikström ◽  
Fia Birch-Jensen ◽  
Joeke Postma ◽  
Ralf Udo Ehlers ◽  
...  

Microbiome management is a promising way to suppress verticillium wilt, a severe disease in Brassica caused by Verticillium longisporum. In order to improve current biocontrol strategies, we compared bacterial Verticillium antagonists in different assays using a hierarchical selection and evaluation scheme, and we integrated outcomes of our previous studies. The result was strongly dependent on the assessment method chosen (in vitro, in vivo, in situ), on the growth conditions of the plants and their genotype. The most promising biocontrol candidate identified was a Brassica endophyte Serratia plymuthica F20. Positive results were confirmed in field trials and by microscopically visualizing the three-way interaction. Applying antagonists in seed treatment contributes to an exceptionally low ecological footprint, supporting efficient economic and ecological solutions to controlling verticillium wilt. Indigenous microbiome, especially soil and seed microbiome, has been identified as key to understanding disease outbreaks and suppression. We suggest that verticillium wilt is a microbiome-driven disease caused by a reduction in microbial diversity within seeds and in the soil surrounding them. We strongly recommend integrating microbiome data in the development of new biocontrol and breeding strategies and combining both strategies with the aim of designing healthy microbiomes, thus making plants more resilient toward soil-borne pathogens.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3728
Author(s):  
Markus Wirth ◽  
Sebastian Kohl ◽  
Stefan Gradl ◽  
Rosanna Farlock ◽  
Daniel Roth ◽  
...  

Maximizing performance success in sports is about continuous learning and adaptation processes. Aside from physiological, technical and emotional performance factors, previous research focused on perceptual skills, revealing their importance for decision-making. This includes deriving relevant environmental information as a result of eye, head and body movement interaction. However, to evaluate visual exploratory activity (VEA), generally utilized laboratory settings have restrictions that disregard the representativeness of assessment environments and/or decouple coherent cognitive and motor tasks. In vivo studies, however, are costly and hard to reproduce. Furthermore, the application of elaborate methods like eye tracking are cumbersome to implement and necessitate expert knowledge to interpret results correctly. In this paper, we introduce a virtual reality-based reproducible assessment method allowing the evaluation of VEA. To give insights into perceptual-cognitive processes, an easily interpretable head movement-based metric, quantifying VEA of athletes, is investigated. Our results align with comparable in vivo experiments and consequently extend them by showing the validity of the implemented approach as well as the use of virtual reality to determine characteristics among different skill levels. The findings imply that the developed method could provide accurate assessments while improving the control, validity and interpretability, which in turn informs future research and developments.


2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kõiv ◽  
M. Rist ◽  
M. Min

Abstract Wearable devices that monitor our vital signs have been gaining more importance with each year. Non-invasive, continuous, accurate and precise blood pressure assessment method integrated in a wearable is a multidisciplinary challenge. This work presents an electrical bioimpedance (EBI) unit for multi-frequency measurements on pulsating artery for central aortic pressure (CAP) estimation. The developed device provides low complexity in the electronics design with a frequency range between 1 kHz and 200 kHz. It is able to register the impedance of blood vessel volume change simultaneously at different locations. Experiments were carried out in vivo by using the four-electrode configuration on human thorax, axillary artery and radial artery. Preliminary results show the applicability of the proposed impedance spectroscopy system to measure blood vessel volume changes. The impedance data can be later interpreted into the aortic blood pressure wave by using a generalized transfer function. In addition, experimental test-phantom and electrode design are introduced for testing purposes of the impedance system.


2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
K.S.H. Boyd-Wilson ◽  
L.J. Magee ◽  
J.K. Hackett ◽  
M. Walter

Microorganisms isolated from composts were assayed in vitro for inhibition of mycelial growth and conidium germination of Fusarium culmorum Eleven bacterial isolates inhibited mycelial growth and of these seven also inhibited germination of conidia However inhibition of mycelial growth was only reproducible for three bacteria Five fungal isolates were found to have antagonistic effects on F culmorum mycelial growth Of these five three isolates gave reproducible results and also suppressed germination of F culmorum conidia An oat seedling bioassay was developed to determine the potential of microbial antagonists for use as seed treatments against F culmorum in soil inoculated with the pathogen Three bacterial isolates were selected for methodology development for in vivo evaluations The effect of F culmorum inoculation technique growth substrate and assessment method were investigated


Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.


Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.


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