Self-selected intensity, ratings of perceived exertion, and affective responses in sedentary male subjects during resistance training

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of different training loads on ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort and feelings of pleasure/displeasure in resistance-trained men. Twelve resistance-trained men (26.7±3.5 years, 85.1±17.5 kg, and 174. 9±9.9 cm) performed 3 sets of the bench press, squat on a hack machine, and lat pulldown, until volitional concentric failure in two separate conditions: a moderate load (MOD) consisting of a relative load of 8–12 repetitions maximum (RM), and a light load (LIT) consisting of a relative load of 25–30RM. The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), session rating of perceived discomfort (sRPD), and session pleasure/displeasure feelings (sPDF) were assessed after 15 min after the ending of each session. A randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study was performed with 48 h recovery afforded between sessions. Differences between conditions were observed for sRPE and sRPD, in which scores for LIT were greater than MOD (sRPE: MOD=5.5±1.0 vs. LIT=6.4±0.7; sRPD: MOD=6.7±1.7 vs. LIT=8.7±1.0). For sPDF, MOD reported feelings of pleasure (1.2), whereas the LIT presented a feeling of displeasure (–2.3). Results suggest that resistance training performed with a light load until failure induces higher degrees of effort, discomfort and displeasure compared to a moderate load.

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Expected Task Duration and Perceived Effort: An Attributional Analysis

Journal of Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsp.2.3.227 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 227-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Walter J. Rejeski ◽

Paul M. Ribisl

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Mental Fatigue ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Task Duration ◽

Perceived Effort ◽

Attributional Analysis ◽

Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anticipated task duration on ratings of perceived exertion during treadmill running. Male subjects.(N = 15) completed two separate runs on a motor-driven treadmill at 85% V02 max. During one trial, subjects ran for a period of 20 minutes, while for a second trial, subjects were led to believe that they would be running for 30 minutes. In each case, the trials were terminated at the 20-minute mark. Ratings of perceived exertion, heart rates, respiratory rates, and ventilatory minute volumes were collected across each trial. Results supported the supposition that the anticipation of continued performance mediated ratings of effort expenditure. This effect was obtained only during moderate work levels and was in contrast to research examining mental fatigue.

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Differentiated Perceptions of Exertion: Part II. Relationship to Local and Central Physiological Responses

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1979.49.3.691 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 691-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Robert J. Robertson ◽

Robert L. Gillespie ◽

Jean McCarthy ◽

Kenneth D. Rose

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Pedalling Rate ◽

Ergometer Exercise ◽

Physiological Adjustments ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Maximal Cycle

Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion in the legs and chest were compared to local and central physiological adjustments during sub-maximal cycle ergometer exercise. 50 male subjects performed three separate cycle ergometer tests. Power output was held constant at 840 kpm/min., while pedalling rate was randomly set at 40, 60, or 80 rpm. Differentiated reports of exertion from the legs were considered to be local signals and reports from the chest to be central signals. Ratings of exertion for the legs, chest and over-all body were each significantly higher at 40 rpm than 60 or 80 rpm. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, ventilation and respiratory rate were also higher at 40 rpm. Lactic acid, pH, and pCOs were similar between pedalling rates. Lactic acid did not operate differentially to influence local perceptual signals from the legs. Central measures of respiratory and aerobic metabolic adjustments were consistent with the more intense regional report of chest exertion at 40 rpm.

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Speciﬁc warm-up enhances movement velocity during bench press and squat resistance training

10.31083/jomh.2021.069 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Bench Press ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Random Order ◽

Training Load ◽

Training Methods ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Movement Velocity ◽

Warm Up

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of speciﬁc warm-up on squat and bench press resistance training. Methods: Thirty-four resistance-trained males (23.53 ± 2.35 years) participated in the current study. Among these, 12 were evaluated in the squat and 22 in the bench press. After determining the maximal strength load (1RM), each participant performed a training set (3 × 6 repetitions) with 80%1RM (training load) after completing a speciﬁc warm-up and without warming up, in random order. The warm-up comprised 2 × 6 repetitions with 40% and 80% of the training load, respectively. Mean propulsive velocity, velocity loss, peak velocity, mechanical power, work, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were assessed. Results: The results showed that after the warm-up, the participants were able to perform the squat and bench press at a higher mean propulsive velocity in the ﬁrst set (squat: 0.68 ± 0.05 vs. 0.64 ± 0.06 m·s−1, p = 0.009, ES = 0.91; bench press: 0.52 ± 0.06 vs. 0.47 ± 0.08 m·s−1, p = 0.02, ES = 0.56). The warm-up positively inﬂuenced the peak velocity (1.32 ± 0.12 vs. 1.20 ± 0.11 m·s−1, p = 0.001, ES = 1.23) and the time to reach peak velocity (593.75 ± 117.01 vs. 653.58 ± 156.53 ms, p = 0.009, ES = 0.91) during the squat set. Conclusion: The speciﬁc warm-up seems to enhance neuromuscular actions that enable a higher movement velocity during the ﬁrst training repetitions and to allow greater peak velocities in less time.

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Acute Affective Responses and Frontal Electroencephalographic Asymmetry to Prescribed and Self-selected Exercise

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901612010108 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 108-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eduardo Lattari ◽

Eduardo Portugal ◽

Renato Sobral Monteiro Junior ◽

Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira ◽

Tony Meireles Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Affective Responses ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Alpha Asymmetry ◽

Feeling Scale ◽

Frontal Alpha Asymmetry ◽

And Control

Objective: Our goal was to compare affective responses and frontal electroencephalographic alpha asymmetry induced by prescribed exercise (PE) and self-selected exercise (SS). Method: Twenty active participants underwent a submaximal exercise test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Participants enrolled a cross-over randomized study where each participant completed three conditions: PE (50%PVO2max), SS and Control. The electroencephalography was performed before and after exercise. The feeling scale, felt arousal scale and heart rate were recorded before, during and after each condition. The ratings of perceived exertion were recorded during and after each condition. Results: The heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion showed higher values in the PE and SS conditions compared to controls, with no differences between the PE and SS conditions. For the feeling scale, the SS presented higher values compared to the PE and Control conditions. The felt arousal scale presented higher values in the PE and SS conditions compared to control. There was no interaction between condition and moment, or main effect for condition and moment for frontal alpha asymmetry (InF4-InF3). Conclusion: The SS provided better affective responses compared to PE, thus can consider self-selected intensity as an appropriate option. In general, no frontal alpha asymmetry was seen due to an exercise intervention.

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Perceived Exertion and the Field-Independence—Dependence Dimension

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.46.2.495 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 495-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert J. Robertson ◽

Robert L. Gillespie ◽

Jean McCarthy ◽

Kenneth D. Rose

Keyword(s):

Psychological Functioning ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Field Independence ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Embedded Figures Test ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Pedalling Rate ◽

Field Independent ◽

Male Subjects

Perceived exertion responses were compared between field-independent and field-dependent perceivers at three cycle-ergometer pedalling rates. 50 male subjects were classified according to mode of field approach on the basis of their performance on an embedded-figures test. Power output was held constant at 840 kpm/min., while pedalling rate was randomly set at 40, 60, or 80 rpm. Significant differences between the field-independent and -dependent groups were not found at the three pedalling rates for any of the physiological variables or for over-all, legs and chest ratings of perceived exertion. The extent of differentiated psychological functioning did not account for individual differences in perceptual reactance during muscular exertion.

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A comparison of volume-equated knee extensions to failure, or not to failure, upon rating of perceived exertion and strength adaptations

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0421 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 168-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

James Peter Fisher ◽

Dominic Blossom ◽

James Steele

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Rest Interval ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Training Time ◽

Knee Extensor Strength

The present study aimed to compare the effects of repetition duration-, volume-, and load-matched resistance training to muscular failure (MMF) or not to muscular failure (NMF) on maximal voluntary isometric knee extensor strength. This design also allowed testing of the efficacy of “5×5” training. Nine recreationally active males (age, 21.4 ± 1.2 years; height, 1.79 ± 0.07 m; weight, 78.4 ± 7.1 kg) performed unilateral resistance training at 80% of maximal torque at 2×/week for 6 weeks. Using their nondominant leg, participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions (NMF). Using their dominant leg, participants performed 25 repetitions in as few sets as possible (MMF). All repetitions were performed at a pace of 2 s concentric, 1 s isometric pause, and 2 s eccentric with a 2-min rest interval between sets. Analyses identified significant pre- to post-intervention strength increases for both MMF and NMF, with effect sizes (ESs) of 2.01 and 1.65, respectively, with no significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Peak and mean ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were significantly higher for MMF compared with NMF conditions (p < 0.0001), and a tendency for significantly higher RPE values reported for later sets for the NMF condition. Total training time per session was significantly longer for NMF compared with MMF (p < 0.001). The present study suggests that in untrained participants, resistance training NMF produces equivocally the same strength increases as training to MMF when volume-matched. However, resistance training to MMF appears to be a more time-efficient protocol and may produce greater strength gains as indicated by a larger ES.

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Monitoring Different Types of Resistance Training Using Session Rating of Perceived Exertion

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2.1.34 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 34-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Favil Singh ◽

Carl Foster ◽

David Tod ◽

Michael R. McGuigan

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Type Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

The Mean ◽

Overall Resistance ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Familiarization Session

Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to measure effort during different types of resistance training.Method:Fifteen male subjects (age 26.7 ± 4.3 years) performed 3 protocols. All protocols consisted of same 5 exercises but with different intensities, rest periods, and numbers of repetitions. One-repetition maximum (1-RM) was defined as the maximal amount of weight that an individual could lift 1 time without support. The strength protocol included 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 90% of 1-RM with 3 minutes rest between. The hypertrophy session included 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% with 1 minute of rest, and the power session included 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 50% with 3 minutes of rest. Session RPE is a modification of the standard RPE scale. Session and standard RPE were measured after the completion of each set and 30 minutes postexercise, respectively.Results:Results showed a difference between both the 2 RPE values of the strength and hypertrophy protocols (P ≤ .05) but no difference between mean and session RPE values for the power protocol. During the familiarization session, session RPE was measured at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes postexercise. There was a significant difference (P ≤ .05) between the mean RPE values at the fifth and tenth minutes postexercise when compared with 30 minutes postexercise. All other session RPE values showed no significant difference.Conclusion:The session RPE method appears to be effective in monitoring different types of resistance training, and session RPE after 30 minutes was a better indicator of the overall resistance sessions than average RPE.

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Influence of Music During Walking at a Self-paced Intensity on Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Affective Responses in Obese Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000478882.40578.ae ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 785

Author(s):

Aldo C. Silva ◽

Ragami C. Alves ◽

Sandro S. Ferreira ◽

Lucio Follador ◽

Carlo Baldari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Affective Responses ◽

Obese Women ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

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O efeito do treinamento combinado sobre a percepção subjetiva do esforço e sensação de prazer/desprazer em mulheres obesas

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n6p696 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 696-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ragami Chaves Alves ◽

Lucio Follador ◽

Sandro Dos Santos Ferreira ◽

Sergio Gregorio da Silva

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Session ◽

Affective Responses ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Obese Women ◽

Combined Training ◽

Health Related ◽

Training Exercises

Self-selected intensities during walking and resistances training by obese subjects are below recommended guidelines to improve health-related outcomes. From this perspective, there is the possibility of combining both aerobic and resistance training in a single exercise session with the purpose of increasing training volume and optimizing physiological adaptations, while preserving positive affective responses. Until now, no study has assessed ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and sensations of pleasure/displeasure (SPD) during a combined training session in obese women. The present study aimed to: (1) assess RPE and SPD during a combined training session in obese women; and (2) compare RPE and SPD responses during different resistance training exercises. Twelve sedentary obese women (age: 39.2 ±11.1 years; height: 160.4 ± 5.9 cm; body mass: 87.4 ± 5.8 kg; BMI: 33.6 ±1.2 kg.m-2) performed a combined aerobic and resistance training session. RPE and SPD were recorded during the session. Data were analyzed with One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests. The results revealed that, despite the increase in exercise volume, RPE responses were low and affective responses were positive. There were no significant differences in RPE and SPD values among resistance exercises. Combined aerobic and resistance training can be prescribed during the initial phase of a training program because it produces low perceived exertion and positive affective responses.

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