scholarly journals Association between baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score and dementia incidence in a cohort of oldest old

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Yumi HAYASHIDA ◽  
Alessandro Ferrari JACINTO ◽  
Lara Miguel Quirino ARAÚJO ◽  
Clineu de Mello ALMADA FILHO ◽  
Ana Beatriz DI TOMMASO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Baseline Mmse Score ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Background: The Brazilian population has aged rapidly. The oldest old, defined as persons aged 80 years or older, is the fastest growing segment of the Brazilian population. Several instruments have been used to assess the cognitive performance of the older people and predict dementia. One of the most commonly used is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline MMSE score and the incidence of dementia in a Brazilian cohort of independent oldest old. Methods: Sociodemographic data and serial cognitive assessment of 248 older adults were analyzed. Results: Mean follow-up time of subjects was 4.0(±1.9) years, 71.4% were women, and mean MMSE score at entry was 25(±3.5). Mean MMSE scores at baseline were significantly higher (p=0.001) in the cognitively intact group than in those who developed dementia. The logistic regression showed that for a one point increase in MMSE score at baseline there was a 10% reduction in the probability of dementia. Conclusions: In the Brazilian scenario of a rapidly growing population of oldest old, the extensive use of the MMSE gives rise to the need not only to determine its effectiveness for screening dementia, but also to interpret its score in terms of future conversion to dementia.

Serum Level of Alkaline Phosphatase Correlates Negatively with Mini-Mental State Examination Score in the Very Elderly of Ashikaga City: Part of the Results of the Ashikaga Longevity Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamakado
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
State Examination

Objective: An important medical issue in both Japan and Ashikaga City is how to extend healthy life expectancy. To determine factors associated with healthy life expectancy, we established a joint study between Ashikaga City and the Ashikaga University Faculty of Nursing called the Ashikaga Longevity Study, using new biomarkers such as Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests as indicators of oxidative stress. In this study, factors related to cognitive function were clarified. Methods: Participants comprised 95 individuals (36 men; mean age, 91.0±5.1 years and 59 women; mean age, 92.2±5.9 years). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: MMSE score was ≤23 in 28 subjects (29.5%) and ≥24 in 67 subjects (70.5%). MMSE score showed significant negative correlations with age (p<0.0096), plasma alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0007), and peripheral leukocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.0119), and positive correlations with plasma albumin (p=0.0096) and BAP-to-d-ROMs ratio (p=0.0427). Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive decline may involve brain cell dysfunction due to inflammation based on a reduced ability to control oxidative stress. Not only anti-oxidative aerobic exercise but also anti-oxidative foods, may be necessary to maintain cognitive function.

scholarly journals Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) Increase Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Score in Frail Elderly Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2383-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiko Abe ◽  
Osamu Ezaki ◽  
Motohisa Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Background Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) was previously shown to increase muscle function in frail elderly individuals. Objective We aimed to assess effects of MCTs on cognition in such individuals. Methods We enrolled 64 elderly nursing home residents (85.5 ± 6.8 y; 13 men, 51 women; BMI 18.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2) in a 3-mo randomized, controlled, single-blinded, intervention trial. Participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: the first group received supplemental L-leucine (1.2 g) and cholecalciferol (20 μg) enriched with 6 g/d of MCTs (LD + MCT group) as a positive control, the second group received 6 g/d of MCTs (MCT group) as the test nutrient, and the third group received 6 g/d of long-chain triglycerides (LCT group) as a negative control. Cognition (secondary outcome) was monitored 4 times: baseline, 1.5 and 3 mo after initiation of the intervention (intervention), and 1.5 mo after termination of the intervention (postintervention follow-up). Cognition scores were assessed by a linear mixed model (intention-to-treat analysis). Results MCT supplementation increased the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score by 3.5 points at the 3-mo intervention from baseline (P &lt; 0.001) [intention-to-treat adjusted means: baseline 17.5 points (95% CI: 14.9, 20.2), 3-mo intervention 21.0 points (18.3, 23.7)], whereas LCT supplementation decreased the MMSE score by −0.7 points [baseline 17.0 points (95% CI: 14.4, 19.6), 3-mo intervention 16.3 points (13.6, 18.9)]. At the 3-mo intervention, the difference in MMSE score between the MCT (21.0 points) and LCT (16.3 points) groups became significant (P &lt; 0.05). The increase in MMSE score in response to MCTs was 2.1-fold greater at 3 mo than at 1.5 mo and had returned to baseline value at the 4.5-mo postintervention follow-up visit. Conclusion Supplementation with 6 g MCTs/d may improve the cognition of frail elderly individuals. This trial was registered at umin.ac.jp as UMIN000023302.

scholarly journals Kihito, a Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine, Improves Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Watari ◽  
Yutaka Shimada ◽  
Mie Matsui ◽  
Chihiro Tohda
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
State Examination

Background and Aims. We previously reported that the administration of traditional Japanese medicines, kihito (Gui-Pi-Tang in Chinese) and kamikihito (Jia-Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang in Chinese), to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice improved memory impairment. There are a few reports that show kihito and kamikihito have a beneficial effect on the cognitive function of AD patients in clinical studies. However, these studies are not comparative and are retrospective studies; thus, more evidence is needed. Therefore, we conducted an open-label, crossover designed clinical trial to investigate the effect of kihito on cognitive function of AD patients. Methods. The inclusion criteria for eligible patients were as follows: (1) imaging diagnosis (magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography) of AD, (2) a treatment regimen including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), and (3) a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥15. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) change in ChEI dosage, (2) memantine usage, and (3) MMSE score < 15. To prevent bias in age and baseline cognitive function, patients were divided into two groups: the first group received 2.5 g of kihito extract 3 times/day during the first half of the study (weeks 0-16) and the second group received the same dose of kihito during the second half of the study (weeks 17-32). ChEI dosage did not change during the study period. Patients underwent a cognitive function test during weeks 0, 16, and 32. Cognitive function was evaluated by Japanese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS-J) test. Results. Ten patients completed the clinical trial (4 males, 6 females, average age 71.7 years). MMSE-J scores significantly increased during the kihito intake period. RBANS-J test scores had a slight improvement during the kihito intake period compared with the ChEI alone treatment period, but no significant changes were observed. Conclusion. Kihito improves cognitive function in AD patients.

scholarly journals Mini-Mental State Examination is superior to plasma glucose concentrations in monitoring patients with suspected hypoglycaemic disorders during the 72-hour fast

2005 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wiesli ◽  
Beat Schwegler ◽  
Beat Schmid ◽  
Giatgen A Spinas ◽  
Christoph Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
State Examination

Objective: To determine whether systematic evaluation of cognitive function by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) allows the objective detection and documentation of cognitive deterioration in patients referred for evaluation of suspected hypoglycaemic disorders by the 72-h fast. Design: Prospective case series. Methods: In 50 patients referred for evaluation of suspected hypoglycaemic disorders, the MMSE score (maximum 30 points) was assessed at the start and at the end of the fast. Results: The fast was terminated before 72 h in 14 patients because they developed neuroglycopenic symptoms due to hypoglycaemic disorders. Their MMSE score fell from a median of 29 points (range 20–30) at the beginning to 17 points (range 0–24) at the termination of the fast. The score dropped by ≥6 points in all patients with hypoglycaemic disorders. Median (range) plasma glucose concentration at the end of the fast was 2.1 (1.1–2.5) mmol/l. Thirty-six individuals developed no neuroglycopenic symptoms throughout the 72-h fast, their MMSE score remained between 27 and 30 throughout the fast and their median plasma glucose concentration dropped to 2.9 (2–3.6) mmol/l. Conclusions: Systematic evaluation of cognitive function by the MMSE at the beginning and at the termination of the fast allows objective determination and documentation of the deterioration of the cognitive state in patients with hypoglycaemic disorders. A decline in the cognitive performance by ≥6 points in the MMSE score rather than a distinct plasma glucose concentration should be used as the criterion to terminate the prolonged fast before 72 h.

scholarly journals Effect of Astaxanthin supplementation on cognitive function and depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
State Examination

Background: The oral administration of Astaxanthin may decrease depression symptoms and improved cognitive function through its beneficial effects on inflammation, and oxidative stress. Objective: This study was designed to assess whether Astaxanthin supplementation can reduce symptoms of depression and increase MMSE score in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 44 patients between 30 and 60 y of age with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a single capsule of 8 mg of Astaxanthin /day (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 wk. The primary [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which examines depressive symptoms] and secondary (Mini-Mental State Examination (MSSE) score, which evaluates cognitive function) outcomes were assessed. Results: After 8 week of intervention, Mini-Mental State Examination baseline score was significantly improved only in the group treated with Astaxanthin, during study (p < 0.01). But no significant reduction in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was observed in both group. Conclusion: Overall, Astaxanthin supplementation of patients with diabetes for 8 weeks had beneficial effects on the MMSE score. Key words: Astaxanthin, Cognitive function Depression

scholarly journals Mini-Mental State Examination and proton spectroscopy of the posterior cingulate in Alzheimer disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Won Lee ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Claudia da Costa Leite
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Proton Spectroscopy ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
State Examination

Abstract To compare metabolite ratios in the posterior cingulate with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test scores in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer disease and in controls. Methods: We evaluated 29 patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer disease and 15 controls by proton spectroscopy with the voxel located in the posterior cingulate. The MMSE was applied to all patients and controls. The metabolic ratios: N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine (Naa/Cr), mio-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) and mio-inositol/N-acetyl-aspartate (mI/Naa) were obtained and then post-processed using the MRUI software (magnetic resonance user interface). Results: Correlation between Naa/Cr and mI/Naa ratios in the posterior cingulate with the MMSE was observed, and a positive correlation with Naa/Cr and negative correlation with mI/Naa were seen. The mI/r ratio presented no correlation with MMSE scores. Conclusion: The positive correlation with Naa/Cr, and negative correlation with mI/Naa may corroborate that neuronal density/viability is associated to a higher MMSE score.

scholarly journals Validation Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Urdu Language for Pakistani Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safia Awan ◽  
Naila Shahbaz ◽  
Syed Wasim Akhtar ◽  
Arsalan Ahmad ◽  
Sadaf Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination

Validation study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Urdu language for Pakistani population Objective: This study was conducted primarily to validate and determine the optimal cutoff score in the diagnosis of dementia among Pakistani’s and study the effects of gender and education on the MMSE performance in our population. Methods: Four hundred participants took part in the study. Patient with dementia recruited from five major hospitals from Pakistan. The MMSE was translated into Urdu. Results: There were 61 men and 39 women in dementia group and 225 men and 75 women in the control group. The mean score of Urdu MMSE were lower in patients with dementia 18.5 ± 5.6 (range 0-30) as compared to the controls 26.8 ± 2.6 (range 7-30). This difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Educational based MMSE score below 15 yielded perfect sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of dementia. Conclusions: These finding confirm the influence of level of education on MMSE score and education stratified cutoff scores should be used while screening for cognitive impairment in this population.

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