scholarly journals THE LYCHEE TREE PROPAGATION BY LAYERING

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEILA CRISTINA ROSA LINS ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Area And Volume

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of season and different substrates on rooting of air layers of lychee (Litchi chinensisSonn.) for the production of seedlings to ensure the formation of uniform and productive orchards. Air layers were done in plants of the Bengal cultivar using leafy and healthy woody branches, with about 0.010 to 0.015 m in diameter, in which were performed complete girdling with 0.020 m wide at a distance of 0.30 to 0.40 m below the apex. Then the branches were wrapped in moistened substrate. The layering was made at six times of theyear (January, March, May, July, September and November) and two substrates were used (coconut fiber and sphagnum) in a 6 x 2 factorial design in a randomized block with ten replicates. After 90 days, layers were separated from the matrix plant and evaluated for rooting and callus formation, root number, considering only the primary roots, length, area and volume of the roots, beyond the dry weight of roots and calluses. The months of January, March, September and November showed the best results for all analyzed variables related to rooting. With respect to the substrates, the only difference was in January and March to the root number and dry weight of roots, where the sphagnum showed the best results. The month of July was more conducive to the formation of calluses. The period between September and March was more suitable to the propagation of lychee, when there were rooting percentages above 90%, in addition to the formation of large amount of roots.

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GROWTH OF BANANAS (MUSA SPP.) INFECTED WITH MIGRATORY ENDOPARASITIC NEMATODES. 1. ROOTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. KALORIZOU ◽  
S. R. GOWEN ◽  
T. R. WHEELER
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Resistant Varieties

The effects of nematodes on root morphology and the association of root characteristics with resistance to nematodes of seven banana varieties were investigated in two experiments. Banana plants were grown in controlled conditions within polytunnels and harvested on three occasions for the measurement of root morphology and biomass. Varieties differed in their resistance to nematodes, from resistant (Yg Km5, FHIA 17, FHIA 03) and partly resistant (FHIA 01, FHIA 25) to not resistant ((FHIA 23, Williams). Nematodes reduced the root dry weight of FHIA 01, FHIA 17 and FHIA 23 at some harvests. Primary root number was on average 9.5% lower in nematode-infected plants than controls, with no differences among the varieties. Thus, there was no simple association between the resistance of these varieties and their tolerance to nematodes. Varieties differed in root morphology. Root dry weight was greatest for resistant varieties Yg Km5 and FHIA 03, and least for non-resistant varieties FHIA 23 and Williams. Thus, resistance to nematodes was associated with varieties with greater root mass and more and larger primary roots.

scholarly journals Effect of Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA), rooting media and their interaction on different rooting and growth characteristic of air-layers in guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. L-49)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Parmar ◽  
Rajesh Tiwari ◽  
Keshav K. Gautam ◽  
L. Yadav ◽  
N. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Rooting Media ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Growth Characters

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of different concentrations of Indole 3-butyric acid (0, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000 ppm), different types of rooting media (i.e. sphagnum moss, coco peat, vermicompost, sphagnum moss + coco peat and sphagnum moss + coco peat + vermicompost) and the interaction of these in different combinations on rooting and growth characteristic of guava, cv. L-49. The results revealed that the exogenous application of Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) 8000 ppm with media combination of sphagnum moss + coco peat + vermicompost (I3M5) significantly increased the root characters i.e. success percent of air-layers (83.3 %), callus formation (23.7), number of primary roots (24.21) and secondary roots (32.57); and growth characters i.e. number of leaves (48.17), branches (7.92) and sprouts (8.48) and survival percentages (83.18) over the other treatments and control. Among the rooting media, the combination of sphagnum moss + coco peat + vermicompost (M5) produced the highest rooting percentage (71.27), root characters and growth characters during months of July and August.

scholarly journals Impact of Auxins on Rooting and Establishment of Seedless Lemon (Citrus limonL. Burm.) Air-layers for Successful Propagation

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Shubham Singh Rathour ◽  
K. S. Tomar ◽  
. Poonam ◽  
Shubham Bhadoriya ◽  
R. S. Katoriya
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Secondary Roots ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Better Than

Study Design:  Randomized Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior, MP between 2018 - 2019. Methodology:In 2018-19 the study conducted amidst rainy season and Gird agro-climatic context of Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the effect of phytohormones on rooting and establishment of seedless lemon air layers. Experiment consisting nine treatments replicated three times under Randomized Block Design. Treatments comprising of two plant hormones namely IBA and NAA each with four concentration levels i.e. 1250, 2500, 3750 and 5000ppm including control. Plants age were seven years. Results:The results revealed maximal rooting percentage (92.00), number of primary roots (22.72) and secondary roots (49.97), length of primary roots (5.05 cm) and secondary roots (2.25 cm), diameter of primary roots (1.68 mm) and secondary roots (0.84 mm) and dry weight of roots (2.32g) and planted air-layers (89.21 %) were recorded with application of IBA @ 5000ppm. Conclusion:Indole-3-butyric acid performed better than naphthalene acetic acid for promoting rooting and establishment in seedless lemon air-layers. Application of IBA @ 5000ppm significantly increased rooting characters followed by NAA @5000ppm for better establishment of Lemon air layers for its propagation.

Morphometrics of the aerial roots of Kingia australis (Liliales)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Stem Apex ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Potential Height

Kingia australis, common in the heaths and forests of south-western Australia, is distinguished from all other grass trees in Australia by the presence of a mantle of concealed aerial roots. A ring of up to 50 root primordia is initiated in winter from the stem apex. In plants more than 1 m high, initiation and commencement of elongation of the primary roots are no longer annual but dependent on the fire history of the plant. These roots descend between the stem and persistent leaf bases at about 2 cm per growing month, sending many lateral branches among the leaf bases. Aerial roots gradually replace the space occupied by the leaf bases until they may account for 45% of the dry weight of the aerial caudex. The caudex of one 6-m-high specimen bore up to 27 roots per cm2 transection of the root mantle, with about 3000 primary roots entering the soil. All underground primary roots (except the initial contractile roots) have an aerial origin and are concentrated vertically under the canopy. After 300-400 years the stem starts to die back from the base, and the aerial roots attached to that portion disintegrate. By propping up the stem and bridging the dead zone of the stem, the living aerial roots greatly extend the potential height and longevity of the plant. In addition, the hairy laterals are ideally located to absorb water and nutrients directly from the leaf bases. Protective and aerating functions are also indicated.

scholarly journals IBA levels and substrates in the rooting of UENF/CALIMAN 02 hybrid papaya minicuttings in a semi-hydroponic system

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio José Vieira de Oliveira ◽  
Edilson Romais Schmildt ◽  
Ruimário Inácio Coelho ◽  
José Augusto Teixeira do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plastic Trays

Abstract Mini-cutting is a technique with large applications in various crops, mainly due to the increase in the percentage and quality of adventitious roots, reducing time for the formation of clonal seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate IBA levels and substrates on the rooting of UENF/CALIMAN 02 hybrid papaya mini-cuttings. To perform the experiment, papaya mini-cuttings were taken from mother plants grown in pots in greenhouse, induced to produce shoots through pruning and growth regulator applications. Mini-cuttings were fixed in vermiculite or coconut fiver substrates placed in alveolate trays with 4.5x4.5x5.0 cm cells, and styrofoam trays were placed in plastic trays where different IBA levels were added in a modified Hoagland solution. After 45 days, rooted buds were transplanted to plastic pots of 600 mL of volume with soil, sand, well-cured bovine fertilizer, in the proportion of 3:1:1, remaining for 45 days. When they were taken from pots, roots were carefully washed, and the length of shoots, length of the largest root, dried mass of shoots and radicular system and root percentage were measured. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block 5 x 2 factorial design, with 5 IBA levels: 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 mg L-1, two substrates: vermiculite and coconut fiber, three replicates, with six plants per replicate. IBA levels of 5.0 mg L-1 and substrate vermiculite are the most adequate for the rooting of ‘UENF/CALIMAN 02’ papaya mini-cuttings in semi-hydroponic system in alveolate styrofoam trays with 4.5x4.5x5.0 cm cells.

scholarly journals KEBERHASILAN PERTUMBUHAN STEK PUCUK MINDI BESAR (Melia dubia Cavanilles) TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN MEDIA DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH Successfully Growth of Shoot Cutting Mindi Besar (Melia dubia Cavanilles) on Media and Growth Regulator

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Liza Nurul Hayati ◽  
Nurheni Wijayanto ◽  
Yulianti .
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Containment Model ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Melia Dubia ◽  
Secondary Roots

Mindi besar (Melia dubia Cavanilles) is one of fast growing tree species from family Meliaceae which growing in tropical evergreen forests. The aim of this study was to determine the best combination of medium and growth regulator for vegetative propagation of mindi besar trees. The completely randomized factorial design was used two factors; medium (M) there were two types of media; zeolite (M1) and soil + rice husk (2:1 v/v) medium (M2), the growth regulator (H) had three levels; control (H0), pure coconut water (H1), and Auksin sintetis (H3). The study was conducted at two locations, first at green house with rooting room KOFFCO System and second at seedbed with rooting room containment model (MS). The research at greenhouse using rooting room KOFFCO System showed that interaction of media with growth regulator had a very significant effect on the percentage of fresh cuttings and rooted cuttings and had a significant effect on the number of primary roots. The averages of percentage of fresh cuttings and rooting were 83.3% and 66.7% for M1H2 and 76% and 60% for M2H0. The M2H1 reached 2.9 number of primary roots. At the MS model, the medium factor had significantly different only the number of secondary roots (18.11). The growth regulator factors had significantly different on the percentage of rooted cutting (3.33%), root lenght (10.5 cm) and root dry weight (0.18 g).Key words: containment model, KOFFCO system, Rootone-F, zeolite.

scholarly journals Effect of sucker weight and seedling site on the growth of sago seedlings (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in Papua

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
A Soplanit ◽  
M K Rumbarar ◽  
P Beding
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Factor B ◽  
G Factor ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract This study aims to obtain sucker weight and appropriate seedling site as a source of sago seeds by using seedling techniques in polybags to improve seed quality on sago cultivation. The experiment used a factorial design arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Factor A, namely sucker weight, consisted of <999 g, 1000-1499 g, 1500-1999 g and > 2000 g. Factor B is the seedling site, consisting of laying seeds in the field, greenhouse and paranet of 60%. The results of the study showed that there was no interaction between the sucker weight combined with the seedling site, but the sucker weight had a significant effect on the number of rachis and the number of primary roots per plant and the percentage of life seedlings. Higher rachis growth was 3.8 obtained from medium-sized sucker weights (1000-1499 g and 1500-1999 g) and the highest number of primary roots was 41.3. It is obtained at sucker weights of 1000-1499 g. Meanwhile, the higher percentage of seedling survival was obtained at medium to large sucker weights of 66.3-71.0%. Thus, multiplication of sago seeds using medium-sized sucker on polybag media is highly suggested.

Effects of Biochar on Acid Black Soil Nutrient, Soybean Root and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2278-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Wei Yin ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Gui Ping Zheng ◽  
Xue Mei Zhong ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Period

This research focuses on studying the effects of biochar on acidic soil nutrient, soybean production, root and plant height,using the method of pot plant simulation for soybean cultivation patterns in three ridging test. Biochar was applied for pot with set 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25t hm-2. Biochar, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium chloride were fully mixed then sampled on soybean clover stage (V3), full bloom stage (R2) and the early mature stage (R7).This research examined the soybean root index. At the early mature stage (R7), soil samples were blown dry and examined chemical index. During the mature period (R8), we examined the yield and plant height. The results showed that, with the increase of the content of the biochar, available potassium，and organic matter was increased significantly, increasing 77.69mgkg-1, and 7.56gkg-1 compared with control respectively. The root dry weight, main root length, lateral root number, total length, lateral root number, root dry weight of the maximum was respectively increased by 80.85%, 100%, 33.86%, 167.74%, 26.31% and 80.41% than control in early mature stage. The yield increased by 35.97% compared with control.

scholarly journals REVERSIBLE COLLAPSE OF RABBIT EARS AFTER INTRAVENOUS PAPAIN, AND PREVENTION OF RECOVERY BY CORTISONE

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ear Cartilage ◽  
Normal Shape ◽  
Trachea And Bronchi ◽  
Rabbit Ears ◽  
Complete Collapse

A substance has been demonstrated in solutions of crude papain, which, when injected intravenously into 1 kilo rabbits, in amounts less than 5 mg., results in complete collapse of both ears. The phenomenon becomes visible 4 hours after injection, and is complete within 24 hours. 3 or 4 days after papain, the ears gradually reassume their normal form. Ear collapse is associated with depletion of the ear cartilage matrix, and the disappearance of basophilia from the matrix. Similar changes occur in all other cartilage tissues, including bones, joints, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. At the time when the ears are restored to normal shape, the basophilic matrix reappears in cartilage. Repeated injections of papain, over a period of 2 or 3 weeks, bring about immunity to the phenomenon of ear collapse. When the arterial circulation to one ear is occluded for 15 minutes at the time of injection of papain, this ear is protected against collapse. The effect of crude papain could not be reproduced by crystalline papain protease or crystalline papain lysozyme, which together comprise a considerable portion of the dry weight of papain. The nature of the responsible factor has not been determined, and the possibility that chymopapain may be implicated is currently under study. Cortisone prevents the return of papain-collapsed ears to their normal shape and rigidity. Possibly this reflects a capacity of cortisone to impede the synthesis or deposition of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in tissues.

scholarly journals Propagation of Catnip by Terminal and Single-node Cuttings

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolston St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Production Period

Abstract Adventitious rooting and subsequent development of rooted cuttings were evaluated for terminal, single-node, and tip cuttings of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.). During an eight-week production period, cuttings were treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 1, 3, and 8 g/kg (0, 1000, 3000, and 8,000 ppm), rooted for one to four weeks, and then grown in the greenhouse for four to seven weeks. At harvest, a first experiment showed that terminal cuttings propagated for four weeks accumulated less shoot dry weight (24 g) than cuttings propagated for two (36 g) or three (31 g) weeks. Terminal cuttings treated with 3 g/kg of IBA and propagated for four weeks had the highest root dry weight, which averaged 12.1 g. In the second experiment, length of the longest shoot and primary root and the number of roots and shoots were greater in single-node cuttings propagated for two or three weeks than those propagated for one week. A third experiment revealed that the development of primary roots in single-node and tip cuttings was similar during a 15-day rooting period.

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