Phytotoxicity of fungicide coated sugar beet seed depends on growth condition.

Fungicide-coated seed protects sugar beet plants from soilborne diseases, but seedlings coming from coated seeds often encounter phytotoxicity under field conditions. To understand the phytotoxic impact, fungicide-coated seed and the uncoated seed of two cultivars were sown with holes or no holes in plastic trays in greenhouse conditions. Our study demonstrated without fungicide coat on sugar beet seed and holes in plastic trays resulted in just above 90% germination. While fungicide-coated seed and no hole's underneath trays- showed the lowest germination (>20%). Fungicide-coated seed, having holes in plastic trays showed 90% germination. No fungicide coat on seed, having no hole's underneath trays showed 70% germination. We further estimated the percentage of stunted seedlings in both cultivars. Fungicide-coated seed with holes underneath plastic trays showed above 5% stunted seedlings while fungicide-coated seed, having no hole's underneath trays- showed the highest percentage of stunted seedlings (>10%) in both cultivars. In summary, our data demonstrated that the phytotoxicity of fungicide-coated sugar beet seed depends on growth conditions.

Indolebutyric acid on rooting of peach hardwood cuttings

In the search for more efficient techniques for the propagation of peach cuttings, this study aimed to evaluate the rooting of hardwood cuttings of peach rootstock genotypes under different indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations. In the winter of 2016, the basal end of cuttings of genotypes 1701-1, 1701-2, 102-1, 102-2, 202-1 and 'Okinawa' were dipped into solutions with five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg mg L-1) for 5 seconds. The cuttings were then placed in sand in plastic trays and kept in a mist chamber. The experiment was arranged in a 6x5 factorial, completely randomized design, with 5 replications, and each plot consisted of eight cuttings. After 59 days, the variables related to rooting and root quality were evaluated. Genotypes 102-1 and 202-1 showed high adventitious rooting potential in hardwood cuttings, with 76.8 and 66.5% of rooting, respectively. The concentration of 2000 mg.L-1 of IBA acid can be recommended for the treatment of hardwood cuttings of the tested rootstocks for propagation in the winter.

IBA levels and substrates in the rooting of UENF/CALIMAN 02 hybrid papaya minicuttings in a semi-hydroponic system

Mini-cutting is a technique with large applications in various crops, mainly due to the increase in the percentage and quality of adventitious roots, reducing time for the formation of clonal seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate IBA levels and substrates on the rooting of UENF/CALIMAN 02 hybrid papaya mini-cuttings. To perform the experiment, papaya mini-cuttings were taken from mother plants grown in pots in greenhouse, induced to produce shoots through pruning and growth regulator applications. Mini-cuttings were fixed in vermiculite or coconut fiver substrates placed in alveolate trays with 4.5x4.5x5.0 cm cells, and styrofoam trays were placed in plastic trays where different IBA levels were added in a modified Hoagland solution. After 45 days, rooted buds were transplanted to plastic pots of 600 mL of volume with soil, sand, well-cured bovine fertilizer, in the proportion of 3:1:1, remaining for 45 days. When they were taken from pots, roots were carefully washed, and the length of shoots, length of the largest root, dried mass of shoots and radicular system and root percentage were measured. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block 5 x 2 factorial design, with 5 IBA levels: 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 mg L-1, two substrates: vermiculite and coconut fiber, three replicates, with six plants per replicate. IBA levels of 5.0 mg L-1 and substrate vermiculite are the most adequate for the rooting of ‘UENF/CALIMAN 02’ papaya mini-cuttings in semi-hydroponic system in alveolate styrofoam trays with 4.5x4.5x5.0 cm cells.

Morphological characterization of fruit, seeds and seedlings of white-seal (Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. -Sapotaceae)

Chrysophyllum is the second largest genus of Sapotaceae, with 81 species distributed in the neotropics. Little data are found in the literature regarding the morphology of seedlings and the early development of this genus. This study aims to morphologically characterize the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. Fruits were collected from individuals present in two fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco. A sample of 100 seeds and 100 fruits was randomly selected to obtain the morphological data. The seeds were sown in plastic trays in a greenhouse. The fruits are bacoid, obovoid and globose with one or two functional seeds per fruit. The seeds are obovate, with the shape of the hilum ranging from elliptical transverse to oblong transverse. The embryo is cotyledonar, with a spatulated form. The cotyledons are foliaceous and whitish-translucent. The endosperm is abundant and whitish. Germination is epigeal, phanerocotylar and unipolar. The seedling has different characteristics than those of the adult individual, such as the shape and leaf consistency, type of leaf margin, type of venation variation, number of pairs of secondary veins, trichome coloring and abundance of latex.

Growth and volatile compounds of Martianthus leucocephalus exposed to heavy metal stress

ABSTRACT: Martianthus leucocephalus is found in the semi-arid Northeast of Brazil and has high pharmacological potential due to the production of volatile compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the Cd (15, 30, 45 and 60µmol L-1), Cu (30, 60, 90 and 120µmol L-1) and Zn (150, 300, 450 and 600µmol L-1) levels on the growth of this species and its volatile compounds production. Apical cuttings were placed in plastic trays containing 6.0L nutrient solution, and after rooting, they were submitted to Cd, Cu and Zn treatments for 15 days. All the metals evaluated reduced the succulence and growth of all parts of M. leucocephalus . This effect was accompanied by the increase of Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in all plant tissues. Volatile compounds content produced by M. leucocephalus was increased only by Zn (86%).

An in-vitro study to evaluate the accuracy of dies obtained from dual arch impression trays using addition silicone impression material and tray combinations

Background: Dual-arch impression technique allows the simultaneous recording of tooth preparation, opposing anatomic tooth and maxillomandibular relationship. The accuracy of reproduction of this easy and quick technique, however, has not been studied in detail in past. Objective: To compare the accuracy of the impressions made by using the same impression material in dual arch plastic trays, dual-arch metal trays and acrylic resin custom trays. Methods: The dies obtained from the addition silicone impressions made in dual-arch plastic trays, dual-arch metal trays and full arch acrylic resin custom trays were compared for the dimensional accuracy with the prepared typodont tooth as a control. Student’s paired t-test and unpaired t-test were used for the data analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) version 11.5. Results: The dies obtained from all the impression combinations showed increased dimension (acrylic resin custom trays 9.4 mm±0.048, dual-arch plastic trays 9.5 mm±0.035, dual-arch metal trays 9.41 mm±0.017) as compared to the dimension of control (9.39 mm±0.007). Conclusion: All the tray-impression material combinations showed variable accuracies. Full arch acrylic resin trays resulted in greatest accuracy whereas dual-arch plastic trays the least accuracy.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp: 111-117

Individualized Erlanger KS-Impression Trays for Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective The use of individualized impression trays is required when taking impressions of the maxilla in infants with cleft lip and palate. Custom trays made of plastic such as polymethylmethacrylate, as well as generic, full-arch infant metal trays, have been used up to now. Given the increasing incidence of infectious diseases, the ability to sterilize impression trays for infants with cleft lip and palate is mandatory. Polymethylmethacrylate impression trays are altered in shape and consistency when autoclaved during the sterilization process. Therefore, they have to be fabricated afresh at regular intervals. Methods Based on modified mold patterns of the available plastic trays, 44 pieces were sorted into four groups of 11 trays in ascending order of size. On these plaster casts, which served as the male part of the template, a 1-mm layer of sheet wax was applied. An optimized ergonomic wax handle was then fitted to the wax plate. Realization in a chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy was performed according to the lost wax principle. Conclusions The sterilizable Erlangen KS-Impression tray (Erlanger KS-Abformlöffel®) is now available in 11 sizes for each of four basic forms. They meet current hygiene guidelines. They can be recommended for routine use when taking impressions in infants with any form of cleft lip and palate without complications.

ENRAIZAMENTO EX VITRO E ACLIMATIZAÇÃO DE PLANTAS MICROPROPAGADAS DE Tectona grandis

O enraizamento de espécies arbóreas é bastante complexo devido à maturidade dos tecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de AIB no enraizamento ex vitro de brotos micropropagados a partir de plantas jovens de Tectona grandis L. em dois substratos, bem como da porção do broto para enraizamento. Foram utilizados brotos multiplicados in vitro inteiros, ou excisados ao meio (porção apical e basal), submetidos a imersão por 10 segundos em soluções contendo diferentes concentrações de AIB (0, 100, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg.L-1) e plantados em bandejas plásticas contendo vermiculita ou Plantmax® como substratos. O enraizamento ex vitro ocorreu em todos os tratamentos, inclusive na ausência de AIB. O maior número de raízes e o maior crescimento relativo do caule foram observados para os tratamentos com o uso de AIB, em ambos os substratos. O enraizamento ocorreu em 100% dos explantes de origem apical e basal, em ambos os substratos. O enraizamento ex vitro de brotos micropropagados de T. grandis é viável a partir de plantas jovens, e a taxa de multiplicação é duplicada com o seccionamento dos brotos em porções apical e basal.Palavras-chave: Teca; produção de mudas; micropropagação; condição ex vitro; porção do broto. AbstractEx vitro rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets of Tectona grandis. The rooting of tree species is very complex due to the maturation of tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of IBA on ex vitro rooting of micropropagated shoots from juvenile plants of Tectona grandis L. into two substrates, as well as the portion of the shoot to root. Shoots multiplied in vitro were used with whole or excised shoots (apical and basal) submitted to immersion for 10 seconds in solutions of IBA (0, 100, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg.L-1) and planted in plastic trays containing vermiculite or Plantmax ® as substrates. The ex vitro rooting occurred in all treatments, even in the absence of IBA. The largest number of roots and higher relative growth of the stem were observed in all treatments with IBA in both substrates. The survival of acclimatized plantlets occurred in all treatments. Rooting occurred in 100% of explants from apical and basal origin in both substrates. The ex vitro rooting of micropropagated shoots of T. grandis is feasible from juvenile plants and the multiplication rate is duplicated when shoots are cutin apical and basal portions.Keywords: Teak; seedlings; micropropagation; ex vitro condition; portion of the shoot.