Analisis Aplikasi Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tembakau Bes-NO H382 Pada Sistem Pembibitan Semi Float Bed

Produktivitas tembakau Bes-NO H 382 sebagai bahan baku pembalut dan pembungkus cerutu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bibit. Mutu bibit akan terjamin apabila aplikasi media tanam sesuai dengan kebutuhan nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan bibit sekaligus mendukung daya adaptasi setelah pindah ke lapangan. Sistem pembibitan dengan pembibitan semi float bed merupakan upaya pengembangan sistem pembibitan modern yang menggunakan pottray sangat menghemat tenaga kerja dengan pertumbuhan bibit yang sehat dan seragam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aplikasi media tanam pada sistem pembibitan semi float bed terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tembakau Bes-NO H 382. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pembibitan tembakau Politeknik Negeri Jember pada bulan Maret-Mei 2020. Metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal dengan perlakuan berupa perbandingan komposisi media tanam sphagnum moss dan top soil, sedangkan uji lanjut menggunakan BNT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pertumbuhan bibit tembakau Bes-NO H 382 pada sistem semi float bed dipengaruhi oleh aplikasi komposisi media tanam dengan hasil pertumbuhan bibit terbaik pada perlakuan komposisi sphagnum moss:top soil 90:10 dan 100:0 dengan rerata tinggi bibit 3,61-4,06 cm, diameter batang 2,48-2,54 mm, berat brangkasan basah 1,84-1,92 gram dan berat brangkasan kering 0,15-0,17 gram pada umur bibit 39 hss, 2) Jumlah daun tidak dipengaruhi oleh aplikasi media tanam tetapi daya adaptasi bibit sangat baik di lahan karena prosentase hidup bibit mencapai 75-100% pada semua perlakuan.

Paphiopedilum insigne Morphological and Physiological Features during In Vitro Rooting and Ex Vitro Acclimatization Depending on the Types of Auxin and Substrate

To obtain healthy and good quality plants from in vitro cultivation, it is necessary to produce plantlets with well-developed rooting systems because they must undergo acclimatization, a final and a very difficult stage of micropropagation. In the present research, the effect of auxins NAA, IAA and IBA in concentrations of 0.5; 1; 2.5 and 5 mg·dm−3 on the Paphiopediluminsigne in vitro rooting was studied, and it was noted that 1 mg·dm−3 of IAA or IBA enabled the obtaining of a lot of rooted and good quality plantlets. The subsequent influence of the two most advantageous auxins on the acclimatization of plantlets in different substrates (sphagnum moss, sphagnum moss + substrate for orchids, substrate for orchids, substrate for orchids + acid peat) was tested, in the means of morphological features of plants and their physiological parameters, i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence (FV, Fm, Fv/Fm), stress enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), and water balance. Considering all the tested features, it might be stated that the best results were obtained when explants were rooted in vitro in the presence of 1 mg·dm−3 of IAA and then planted ex vitro in substrate for orchids.

Clonal micropropagation of bog cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) in the Udmurt Republic

The paper presents the results of 2018-2019 research on improving the technology of growing planting material of bog cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) of Krasa Severa, Severyanka, Virussaare varieties on the basis of in vitro. Studied was the effect of the concentrations of growth regulators in the composition of the nutrient medium according to Anderson's recipe on the reproduction and subsequent rooting of micro cuttings, as well as the duration of cultivation and adaptation of micro plants depending on partial pruning of shoots. It has been established that at the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, sterilization of explants with 33% hydrogen peroxide in an exposure of 5-8 minutes with washing in 5 portions of sterile distillate gives 60-80 % of viable shoots. The optimum phase of plant development for the successful introduction of in vitro culture is the swelling of buds. Cultivation of micro cuttings was carried out in a light room at a temperature of 25±2 °С, a photoperiod of 16 hours. The duration of each subculturing was 30-60 days. For the stage of actual micropropagation on Anderson's nutrient medium, an increase in the dose of cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l and an increase in the duration of cultivation from 30 to 60 days contributed to a significant increase in the multiplication factor on average for the tested cranberry varieties.According to the efficiency of micropropagation, the varieties Virussaare and Krasa Severa were distinguished – 9.3-12.0 pcs/stalk, respectively. At the rooting stage, the use of a root-forming reagent of indolyl-3-acetic acid (IUK) in doses of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l in the composition of Anderson's nutrient medium did not affect the quality of root formation and the length of shoots of Virussaare micro-plants. No significant varietal differences in the root-forming ability of microcuttings were found. The tendency of better rooting of micro cuttings was observed in the Virussaare variety (90.3 %) compared to the Severyanka (85.7 %) and Krasa Severa (79.3 %) varieties. Micro plants of the Krasa Severa cultivar were characterized by the longest shoots, the total number of roots was less, but their length was longer in comparison with other cultivars. For the adaptation stage, a substrate from a mixture of lowland peat and sphagnum moss was used (1:1). The efficiency of adaptation of micro plants of cranberry varieties when cutting the tip of the shoots was 100 %. Pruning of micro plants shoots contributed to the formation of more side shoots and better development of the aboveground part of the plants.

Characterization of a Natural, Stable, Reversible and Colourful Anthocyanidin Network from Sphagnum Moss Based Mainly on the Yellow Trans-Chalcone and Red Flavylium Cation Forms

Anthocyanins with various functions in nature are one of the most important sources of colours in plants. They are based on anthocyanidins or 3-deoxyanthocyanidins having in common a C15-skeleton and are unique in terms of how each anthocyanidin is involved in a network of equilibria between different forms exhibiting their own properties including colour. Sphagnorubin C (1) isolated from the cell wall of peat moss (Sphagnum sp.) was in fairly acidic and neutral dimethyl sulfoxide characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption techniques. At equilibrium, the network of 1 behaved as a two–component colour system involving the reddish flavylium cationic and the yellow trans–chalcone forms. The additional D- and E-rings connected to the common C15-skeleton extend the π-conjugation within the molecule and provide both bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra of the various forms as well as a low isomerization barrier between the cis- and trans-chalcone forms. The hemiketal and cis-chalcone forms were thus not observed experimentally by NMR due to their short lives. The stable, reversible network of 1 with good colour contrast between its two components has previously not been reported for other natural anthocyanins and might thus have potential in future photochromic systems. This is the first full structural characterization of any naturally occurring anthocyanin chalcone form.

Soilless Cultivation: Dynamically Changing Chemical Properties and Physical Conditions of Organic Substrates Influence the Plant Phenotype of Lettuce

In agriculture, the increasing scarcity of arable land and the increase in extreme weather conditions has led to a large proportion of crops, especially vegetables, being cultivated in protected soilless cultivation methods to provide people with sufficient and high-quality food. Rockwool has been used for decades as a soil substitute in soilless cultivation. Since rockwool is not biodegradable, it is disposed in landfills after its use, which nowadays leads to ecological concerns and drives the search for alternative substrates, especially organic materials. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of organic materials (wood chips, sphagnum moss, and hemp fibers) in relation to rockwool substrate on plant growth and quality of lettuce as a result of physical and chemical properties of the mentioned substrates. We were able to show that sphagnum moss is a suitable substitute substrate for lettuce cultivation, contrary to hemp. All investigated substrates presented good physical properties, but differed in their decomposition stability. Within 8 weeks, 30% of the hemp and about 10% of both sphagnum and wood materials were degraded. It was concluded that the increased microbiological activity immobilized nitrogen and led to oxygen deficiency in the rhizosphere and resulted in increased phenolic acid contents in lettuce but poor yield on hemp. Sphagnum caused a pH decrease and accumulation of ammonium in the nutrient solution and allowed the highest yield for lettuce at moderate phenolic acid contents. Low yields were obtained on wood, which could possibly be increased by optimized nutrient solution, so that wood as an alternative to rockwool was not excluded. By applying used organic substrates as soil additives on arable land, the nutrients accumulated in it might fertilize the open field crops, thus saving mineral fertilizers. This, together with the avoidance of waste, would contribute to a greater sustainability.