scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPONTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF Attalea maripa (Aubl) Mart. IN THE LOW TOCANTINS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAIMUNDO DIONÍZIO PINTO BRITO ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO DA SILVA FARIAS ◽  
NARA ELISA LOBATO RODRIGUES ◽  
FABIO JÚNIOR DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
RENATO ALVES TEXEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Spontaneous Growth ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Palm Trees

ABSTRACT The production of biofuels from native Amazonian palm trees, belonging to the family of Arecaceae, like Attalea maripa (Aubl) Mart. (Maripa palm), are objects of studies of alternative energy sources for the biofuels production. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the spatial dynamics of agronomic variables of Maripa palm crop production associated with the characteristics of the sampling sites in a spontaneous growth area in the Low Tocantins region. 100 palms of A. maripa were selected, of spontaneous growth and in production phase, on a 10 ha area in the municipality of Cametá / PA, in which the morpho-agronomical variables were collected (MIN, FIN, ABN, LN, DBH, AWAB and AFW), from January 2014 to June 2014. The semivariograms were produced for each variable, which presented a spatial dependence range of 75 meters to MIN, FIN, AWAB and AFW, 80 meters to LN and DBH and 98 meters to ABN. The area of reach found was 17,671.5 m² for MIN, FIN, AWAB and AFW variables, 20,106.2 m² for LN and DBH and 30,171.9 m² for ABN. The data of the variables were adjusted to the spherical model presenting determination coefficient (R²) that ranged from 0.57 to 0.99. The spatial dependence index (SDI) for MIN and FIN variables was 0.49 and 0.31, respectively, indicating moderate spatial dependence. For ABN, LN, DBH and AWAB variables ranged from 0.17 to 0.22, resulting in poor spatial dependence. The AFW variable presented SDI of 0.77. For the visual analysis of the spatial distribution of the studied variables, kriging maps were created.

scholarly journals Characterization of noise emitted by a power tiller through geostatistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Luana M. Gonçalves ◽  
Gabriel A. e S. Ferraz ◽  
Marcelo S. de Oliveira ◽  
Brenon D. S. Barbosa ◽  
Carlos J. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
Tractor Driver

ABSTRACT Noise is one of the harmful and stressful physical agents present in the workplace. Research performed with geostatistics to adjust the semivariogram of tractor noise were performed using the Gaussian and spherical model. In this way, the aim was to map the spatial variability of the noise emitted by a power tiller through the sine wave model, besides testing other fitting methods, in order to identify health zones for the workers. The experiment was performed with an agricultural power tiller (10.3 kW) placed in a working regime (1500 rpm), coupled to a brushcutter, and a digital sound level meter to collect noises in points distributed along a regular grid sampling of 2.0 × 2.0 m around the tractor. The spatial dependence of noise was analyzed through semivariogram fitting by different methods and by the wave model to obtain the spatial distribution map interpolated by kriging. It was possible to characterize the structure and the magnitude of the spatial dependence of the noise levels emitted by the tractor, as well as to map the spatial distribution. A maximum noise level of 96.5 dB was observed close to the tractor engine, a value above the limit of 85.0 dB for 8 h of daily exposure (NR-15). Thus, the use of ear protectors is recommended for both the tractor driver and the professionals who support agricultural operation within a radius of 6 m from the emitting source under the conditions studied.

scholarly journals Análise espacial da mosca-negra em sistema agroflorestal de citros

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silva Farias ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Gonçaves Lima ◽  
Nara Helena Tavares da Ponte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Aleurocanthus Woglumi

The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of citrus black fly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) in citrus orchard in agroforestry plantation in Pará State, Brazil. The experimental area is located in Capitão Poço, Northeastern Pará. Twelve samples were taken monthly where the presence or absence of the pest in the experimental area were evaluated. From each sampling point (plant) we obtained the value of the variable and the coordinates (latitude and longitude). By the parameters of semivariogram models the surveys were interpolated by kriging method which provided us spatial distribution maps of the areas of higher and lower infestation of the black fly. The results showed that the spatial distribution of black fly takes place predominantly in clusters with spatial dependence described by the spherical model, forming clusters from 15.5 to 34 m (range of the model).

Development of the algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Khlyupin ◽  
G. N. Ispulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: The co-authors provide an overview of the main types of wind turbines and power generators installed into wind energy devices, as well as advanced technological solutions. The co-authors have identified the principal strengths and weaknesses of existing wind power generators, if applied as alternative energy sources. The co-authors have proven the need to develop an algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system in the course of designing windmill farms in Russia. Methods: The co-authors have analyzed several types of wind turbines and power generators. Results and discussions: The algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system is presented as a first approximation. Conclusion: The emerging algorithm enables designers to develop an effective wind generator-based autonomous power supply system.

Energetic comparison of some stump-removing methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
I. Czupy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wide Domain ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Unused Resource ◽  
Root Connection ◽  
Different Soils

Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages are encouraging interest in stumps, as alternative energy sources. Stumps are an almost unused resource in the context of bio fuels. Stump harvesting signifies an intensification of forest management compared with conventional stem-only or above-ground biomass-only harvesting. There are many benefits of stump harvesting. These include: the production of wood fuel, fossil fuel substitution, and improved soil preparation.Removing tree trunks in Hungary has been going on according to the principle of stump extraction, which means stumps are removed by grabbing technology. Experiments have been carried out to reduce the extraction force. In the Great Hungarian Lowland, where large areas require the operation implementation, stump extraction is done by special, hydraulic driven baggers equipped with a special bucket. During operation of the equipment, we carried out measurements of the extraction force and the time requirement. The experiments are designed to carry out the measurements with different soils and different tree species. According to our proposal the suitable force and torque required to remove stumps can be significantly reduced if before the lifting the soil — root connection is loosened. One of the possible ways to implement this task is the use of vibration. Since relatively great vibration power and wide domain of frequency are necessary, therefore we prepared the loosening machinery elements of alternating-current hydraulics system. Based on constructions variants we created a tractor-mounted experimental alternating-current hydraulic stump-loosening machine. It was designed with the ability to produce horizontal vibration in order to loosen stumps.

The development of alternative energy sources: Prospects in Russia and the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-904
Author(s):  
M.E. Frai
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Key Steps

Subject. The article discusses limited sources of energy nowadays and an ongoing survey of new ones. I focus on fuel and energy complexes worldwide and in Russia. Objectives. The study is to analyze the future use of alternative energy sources in the fuel and energy complex nationwide and worldwide. I review the existing energy sources of the fuel and energy complex in the global and regional markets, specifically the alternative ones. Methods. The study relies upon methods of statistics, analysis and systems approach. Results. The article demonstrates that the fuel and energy complex strongly depends on the current situation in the energy resource market, which is difficult to forecast. If we continue relying on traditional energy resources, we get exposed to some risks affecting the sustainable development of the economy. Russia should diversify the power engineering sector by developing alternative energy sources. The article sets forth the economic rationale for alternative sources and key steps Russia shall make. Conclusions and Relevance. Considering the current situation in the energy balance, alternative energy is what any advanced society seeks for, being supported by manufacturers, governmental institutions, and researchers, though low profitability and high infrastructure costs impede its development. In Russia, these challenges are even more palpable. However, even now Russia is able to find alternative energy solutions. In addition to advantages of alternative energy, which is globally proclaimed, they will also help Russia diversify and update the economic system.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES. THE CASE OF BIO-ENERGY IN THE UKRAINE

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-486
Author(s):  
Andrius Plepys ◽  
Jean-Philippe Boutin ◽  
Giulia Gervasoni ◽  
Robert Hlep ◽  
Kristin Seyboth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document