scholarly journals Evaluation of variations of the glenoid attachment of the inferior glenohumeral ligament by magnetic resonance arthrography

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Marcelo Novelino Simão ◽  
Maximilian Jokiti Kobayashi ◽  
Matheus de Andrade Hernandes ◽  
Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Intraobserver Agreement ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Glenoid

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the anatomical variations of the attachment of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) to the anterior glenoid rim. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 93 magnetic resonance arthrography examinations of the shoulder. Two radiologists, who were blinded to the patient data and were working independently, read the examinations. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement were evaluated. The pattern of IGHL glenoid attachment and its position on the anterior glenoid rim were recorded. Results: In 50 examinations (53.8%), the glenoid attachment was classified as type I (originating from the labrum), whereas it was classified as type II (originating from the glenoid neck) in 43 (46.2%). The IGHL emerged at the 4 o’clock position in 58 cases (62.4%), at the 3 o’clock position in 14 (15.0%), and at the 5 o’clock position in 21 (22.6%). The rates of interobserver and intraobserver agreement were excellent. Conclusion: Although type I IGHL glenoid attachment is more common, we found a high prevalence of the type II variation. The IGHL emerged between the 3 o’clock and 5 o’clock positions, most commonly at the 4 o’clock position.

scholarly journals High prevalence of unusual genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pork meat samples from Erechim, Southern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Belfort ◽  
Veronique Nussenblatt ◽  
Luiz Rizzo ◽  
Cristina Muccioli ◽  
Claudio Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Molecular Biological Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Biological Technique ◽  
Infectious Uveitis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Meat Samples

Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious uveitis in Brazil, with a higher frequency in the South of the country. We have collected samples from porcine tongue and diaphragm obtained in both large and small abattoirs and used molecular biological technique to determine the prevalence of infection and RFLP analysis to type the parasites. Seventeen out of 50 (34%) samples from the diaphragm and 33 out of 50 (66%) samples from the tongue demonstrated a positive PCR reaction for T. gondii and restriction analysis of four of the positive samples revealed that all had a type I genotype at SAG2. However, when other unlinked loci were analyzed, these strains had a type III genotype at markers BTUB, SAG3, and GRA6. One of the strains (8T) had a type II allele at SAG3, indicating it has a combination of alleles normally seen in the clonal lineages. Our sampling indicates a high prevalence of infection and suggests that unusual genotypes of T. gondii are found in Brazil even among domesticated pigs.

scholarly journals Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (IGHL) Injuries: A Case Series of Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging Findings and Arthroscopic Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Michael Glass ◽  
Vafa Behzadpour ◽  
Jessica Peterson ◽  
Lauren Clark ◽  
Shelby Bell-Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Labral Tears ◽  
Tissue Edema ◽  
Cortical Irregularity ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) complex is commonly assessed by both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance (MR) arthrogram. Our study aimed to compare the accuracy of MR arthrogram compared to MRI using arthroscopic correlation as the gold standard. A retrospective review of cases reporting an IGHL injury was performed. 77 cases met inclusion criteria, while 5 had arthroscopic reports that directly confirmed or refuted the presence of IGHL injury. Two arthroscopic reports confirmed concordant IGHL injuries, while 3 arthroscopic reports mentioned discordant findings compared to MR. Interestingly, all three discordant cases involved MR arthrogram. Findings included soft tissue edema, fraying of the axillary pouch fibers, and cortical irregularity of the humeral neck. Of the two concordant cases, one was diagnosed by MRI, revealing an avulsion of the anterior band, while the second was diagnosed by MR arthrogram showing ill-defined anterior band fibers. Many cases involved rotator cuff or labral tears, which may have been the focus of care for providers, given their importance for shoulder stability. Additionally, a lack of diagnostic confidence in MR reports may have influenced surgeons in the degree to which they assessed the IGHL complex during arthroscopy. In conclusion, radiologists seemed more likely to make note of IGHL injuries when MR arthrograms were performed; meanwhile, all three discordant cases involved MR arthrogram reads. Therefore, additional larger studies are needed with arthroscopic correlation to better elucidate MR findings that confidently suggest injury to the IGHL complex, in order to avoid false positive radiology reports.

Toxoplasmosis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a population study based on the serological, molecular and epidemiological aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Ghasem Janbabai ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keihanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent in northern Iran and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to this infection. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, parasitism and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in northern Iran. Methods A total of 350 serum samples obtained from cancer patients were collected from laboratory centers in northern Iran. Immunodiagnosis and DNA detection were accomplished by ELISA and PCR. Thereafter, multiplex-nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Results In general, out of 350 patients, 264 (75.4%) and 9 (2.57%) cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM, respectively. Moreover, 19 (5.43%) samples contained T. gondii DNA. From 19 positive samples, 10 high-quality samples with sharp and non-smear bands were selected to determine the genotypes of T. gondii. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n=4, 40%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n=3, 30%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n=2, 20%) and genotype #27 (type I variant; n=1, 10%). Conclusions As evidenced by the results, due to the high prevalence of T. gondii, cancer patients in northern Iran are at serious risk of severe toxoplasmosis and its complications. Therefore, oncologists need to regard this critical health problem as a matter requiring urgent attention.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Type II Superconductors

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Fradin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Upper Critical Field ◽  
Bcs Theory ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Type Ii Superconductors ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

ABSTRACTThe results of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiments on simple type–I superconductors were among the first and most important verifications of the BCS theory of superconductivity. In this paper, the application of nmr techniques to the study of superconducting properties in the more complex type–II superconductors will be reviewed. The discussion will include the effect of material parameters (e.g., degree of long range crystalline order, density of states at the Fermi level, effects of magnetic dopants) on the superconducting properties, including size of the superconducting gap, vortex structure, upper–critical field Hc2, and variations in Tc. Emphasis will be placed on high Tc, high Hc2 materials, i.e., A15 compounds and the ternary Chevrel phases.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pelvic Fractures – Part 2: Gaining Information and Clinical Therapeutic Relevance

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (04) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Hackenbroch ◽  
Charlotte Merz ◽  
Hans-Georg Palm ◽  
Benedikt Friemert ◽  
Fabian Stuby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Ao Classification ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Therapeutic Relevance

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance and computed tomography (MRI, CT) has been known to compare the sensitivity for the detection of pelvic fractures with others. It is unclear whether MRI imaging beyond CT leads to therapy change. The aim of our study is to determine the information gained from MRI in the diagnosis of pelvic fractures and to reduce the effects on the form of therapy. Patients and Methods In a retrospective, clinical study, 31 patients with pelvic fracture and CT and MRI imaging (median 81 ± 20 years, 22 female and 9 male) were examined. There was a classification according to AO classification for adequate or FFP classification for inadequate fractures. In addition, vascular, muscular, haematomatous and organic concomitant injuries as well as bone marrow edema and additional secondary findings requiring evaluation were evaluated. The type of therapy (conservative vs. surgical) and a possible type of therapy change were documented for each patient. Exact test according to Fisher was tested orienting. Results Overall, MRI showed a greater fracture rate of pelvic fractures in 29% (n = 9) patients than CT. Four type I fractures according to FFP classification were identified as type II fractures and 4 type II fractures as type IV fractures. One type B1 fracture according to AO classification was found to be C2 fracture on MRI. Fisherʼs Exact Test found that the parameters “adequacy of trauma” and “fracture type change” by MRI were p = 0.38. MRI showed a total of 82 concomitant injuries, CT 31. Overall, MRI gained information in 75% (n = 24) of all patients examined. A change from conservative to operative after MRI took place in 2 patients. No patient was surgically changed from planned surgery to conservative. The extent to which MRI caused changes within one form of therapy (conservative, operative) could not be determined retrospectively. In 18% of patients with an inadequate fracture, however, according to the literature, the treatment regimen would have changed pro forma. Conclusion In summary, it can be stated that the MRI in our study provided an information gain in the case of adequate and inadequate pelvic fractures as well as their accompanying injuries and that a possible therapeutic relevance of this information gain could be obtained specially at the inadequate fractures showed.

Function of the Anterior Band of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament During the Load and Shift Test

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Newman ◽  
Richard E. Debski ◽  
John C. Gardiner ◽  
Susan M. Moore ◽  
Jeffrey A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Humeral Head ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Fe Modeling ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Glenoid ◽  
Ligamentous Structure ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) plays a crucial role in anterior shoulder stability. This capsulo-ligamentous structure originates on the anterior edge of the glenoid and labrum and inserts on the anterior/lateral edge of the articular surface of the humeral head. AB-IGHL detachment from the anterior glenoid and labrum (Bankart lesion) as well as capsular stretching are frequent injuries for which initial diagnosis is often difficult. The load and shift test is a clinical exam used to assess the magnitude of anterior instability by applying an anterior load to the humeral head with the shaft in 60 degrees of abduction [1]. Information on the magnitudes and distribution of stress and strain can help in the interpretation of motion during the exam as well as assist in localizing instabilities to particular regions of the capsule. The objectives of this study were to examine the stress and strain in the AB-IGHL during the load and shift test using finite element (FE) modeling techniques.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Tears Associated With Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Separation of All Injury Grades

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712094185
Author(s):  
Sarav S. Shah ◽  
Eric Ferkel ◽  
Kai Mithoefer
Keyword(s):  
Acromioclavicular Joint ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Labral Tears ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Grade Separation ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: Despite the relatively high number of cases of acromioclavicular joint (AC) separation in the athletic population, optimal clinical outcomes are not achieved in every case. Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of intra-articular glenohumeral pathologies (IAPs) associated with acute AC separation of all injury grades. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of IAPs associated with AC separation, regardless of severity. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 62 patients (mean age, 37.6 years) with acute AC separation were included in this study; 41 were nonoverhead recreational athletes. All patients underwent magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) to evaluate for IAPs. Arthroscopic data from patients undergoing surgical treatment were correlated with MRA results. Results: Patients sustained acute AC separation of Rockwood grade 1 (16.1%), grade 2 (46.8%), grade 3 (25.8%), and grade 4 (11.3%). A concomitant IAP was present in 48 of 62 (77.4%) patients and included superior labral anterior-posterior tears (72.6%), anterior labral tears (24.2%), posterior labral tears (4.8%), supraspinatus tears (3.2%), and inferior glenohumeral ligament ruptures (1.6%). There were 18 (29.0%) patients who had a concomitant pathology in >1 intra-articular structure (combined IAPs). Additionally, 71.8% of patients with grade 1 and 2 AC separation had associated IAPs, and 23.1% had combined IAPs. Furthermore, in patients younger than 40 years, 64.0% of those with grade 1 to 3 AC separation demonstrated associated labral pathologies. There was no difference when comparing age or severity of AC separation and the prevalence of concomitant labral tears ( P = .36 and .22, respectively). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of IAPs among patients undergoing MRA after AC separation. While an IAP has been described in association with high-grade AC separation previously, the high prevalence of IAPs in low-grade separation in our study was unexpected and suggests that a thorough evaluation and clinical follow-up for patients with all grades of AC separation may be beneficial.

scholarly journals Identification offusB-Mediated Fusidic Acid Resistance Islands in Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5842-5849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Jan Chen ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
Sung-Pin Tseng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Flanking Regions

ABSTRACTTo understand the high prevalence offusBgenes in fusidic acid-resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis, analysis of resistance elements in 34 isolates was performed. First, sequence analysis of theaj1-LP-fusBregion indicated that at least three types were present. Type I contained full-lengthaj1, type II contained a partialaj1truncated from nucleotide position 93 to 421, and type III contained a more truncatedaj1that retained only the last 37 bp. Isolates with type I or type IIaj1displayed slightly higher levels of resistance to fusidic acid (MICs, 8 to 32 μg/ml) than did those with type IIIaj1(MICs, 4 to 16 μg/ml). Subsequent sequencing of the flanking regions offusBfrom four selected isolates carrying different types ofaj1-LP-fusBregions revealed that thefusBgenes were all located on phage-related resistance islands (RIs), referred to as SeRIfusB-2793, SeRIfusB-704, SeRIfusB-5907, and SeRIfusB-7778, respectively. Among them, three islands (SeRIfusB-2793, SeRIfusB-704, and SeRIfusB-5907) were located downstream ofgroEL(corresponding to the 44-min position based onStaphylococcus aureuswhole genomic sequences), and one (SeRIfusB-7778) was located downstream ofrpsR(corresponding to the 8-min position). All of the RIs were inserted into integrase-recognizedattsites. Among 34 isolates, the insertion sites offusBRIs were mostly (28/34, 82%) located downstream ofgroELand two were located downstream ofrpsR, but four remained unidentified. The pulsotype distribution indicated thatfusB-containingS. epidermidisisolates were heterogeneous. In conclusion, thefusBresistance determinant inS. epidermidiswas highly associated with phage-related RIs. This is the first report offusBRI inS. epidermidis.

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