Toxoplasmosis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a population study based on the serological, molecular and epidemiological aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Ghasem Janbabai ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keihanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent in northern Iran and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to this infection. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, parasitism and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in northern Iran. Methods A total of 350 serum samples obtained from cancer patients were collected from laboratory centers in northern Iran. Immunodiagnosis and DNA detection were accomplished by ELISA and PCR. Thereafter, multiplex-nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Results In general, out of 350 patients, 264 (75.4%) and 9 (2.57%) cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM, respectively. Moreover, 19 (5.43%) samples contained T. gondii DNA. From 19 positive samples, 10 high-quality samples with sharp and non-smear bands were selected to determine the genotypes of T. gondii. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n=4, 40%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n=3, 30%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n=2, 20%) and genotype #27 (type I variant; n=1, 10%). Conclusions As evidenced by the results, due to the high prevalence of T. gondii, cancer patients in northern Iran are at serious risk of severe toxoplasmosis and its complications. Therefore, oncologists need to regard this critical health problem as a matter requiring urgent attention.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian HIV positive patients using multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP method

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Type I ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Pcr Rflp

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients using multilocus-nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP). A total of 102 serum samples obtained from infected patients were collected from the laboratory centres in northern Iran. Anti-T. gondii antibodies and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection were accomplished by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. The Mn-PCR-RFLP method was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Overall, 68.6% (70/102) and 11.7% (12/102) of the individuals were tested positive for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G and T. gondii DNA, respectively. Complete genotyping was performed on 10/12 (83.3%) PCR-positive samples. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n = 3, 30%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #27 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%), genotype #35 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%) and genotype #48 (type III variant; n = 1, 10%). The results were indicative of the high frequency of the type I and type I variant of T. gondii strains in HIV-positive patients in northern Iran. Given the high prevalence of T. gondii and frequency of pathogenic types (pathogen in laboratory mice) in the patients, special measures should be taken to prevent the possible increased incidence of encephalitis by T. gondii.

Automated immunoassays for the autoantibodies to carbamylated or citrullinated telopeptides of type I and II collagens

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jere Häyrynen ◽  
Maija Kärkkäinen ◽  
Aulikki Kononoff ◽  
Leena Arstila ◽  
Pia Elfving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Arthritis ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Seronegative Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Undifferentiated Arthritis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe automated immunoassays for autoantibodies to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen in various disease categories in an early arthritis series.Serum samples were collected from 142 patients over 16 years of age with newly diagnosed inflammatory joint disease. All samples were analyzed with an automated inhibition chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) using four different peptide pairs, each consisting of a biotinylated antigen and an inhibiting peptide. Assays were performed with an IDS-iSYS analyzer. Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline and citrulline containing C-telopeptides of type I (HTELO-I, TELO-I) and type II collagens (HTELO-II, TELO-II) were analyzed.The mean ratio of HTELO-I inhibition in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was 3.07 (95% CI 1.41–11.60), p=0.003, and in seropositive and seronegative undifferentiated arthritis (UA) 4.90 (1.85–14.49), p<0.001. The respective mean ratios in seropositive and seronegative RA and UA were in TELO-I 8.72 (3.68–58.01), p<0.001 and 3.13 (1.49–6.16), p=0.008, in HTELO-II 7.57 (3.18–56.60), p<0.001 and 2.97 (1.23–6.69), p=0.037, and in TELO-II 3.01 (1.30–9.51), p=0.002 and 3.64 (1.86–7.65), p=0.008. In reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and unspecified spondyloarthritis the inhibition levels were similar to those observed in seronegative RA or UA.Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen did not differ significantly. They were highest among patients with seropositive disease and they differentiated seropositive and seronegative arthritis.

scholarly journals High prevalence of unusual genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pork meat samples from Erechim, Southern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Belfort ◽  
Veronique Nussenblatt ◽  
Luiz Rizzo ◽  
Cristina Muccioli ◽  
Claudio Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Molecular Biological Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Biological Technique ◽  
Infectious Uveitis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Meat Samples

Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious uveitis in Brazil, with a higher frequency in the South of the country. We have collected samples from porcine tongue and diaphragm obtained in both large and small abattoirs and used molecular biological technique to determine the prevalence of infection and RFLP analysis to type the parasites. Seventeen out of 50 (34%) samples from the diaphragm and 33 out of 50 (66%) samples from the tongue demonstrated a positive PCR reaction for T. gondii and restriction analysis of four of the positive samples revealed that all had a type I genotype at SAG2. However, when other unlinked loci were analyzed, these strains had a type III genotype at markers BTUB, SAG3, and GRA6. One of the strains (8T) had a type II allele at SAG3, indicating it has a combination of alleles normally seen in the clonal lineages. Our sampling indicates a high prevalence of infection and suggests that unusual genotypes of T. gondii are found in Brazil even among domesticated pigs.

scholarly journals CA125 and Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3730
Author(s):  
Parsa Charkhchi ◽  
Cezary Cybulski ◽  
Jacek Gronwald ◽  
Fabian Oliver Wong ◽  
Steven A. Narod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Type I ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Primary Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Low Volume

Ovarian cancer is the second most lethal gynecological malignancy. The tumour biomarker CA125 has been used as the primary ovarian cancer marker for the past four decades. The focus on diagnosing ovarian cancer in stages I and II using CA125 as a diagnostic biomarker has not improved patients’ survival. Therefore, screening average-risk asymptomatic women with CA125 is not recommended by any professional society. The dualistic model of ovarian cancer carcinogenesis suggests that type II tumours are responsible for the majority of ovarian cancer mortality. However, type II tumours are rarely diagnosed in stages I and II. The recent shift of focus to the diagnosis of low volume type II ovarian cancer in its early stages of evolution provides a new and valuable target for screening. Type II ovarian cancers are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and have significantly higher CA125 levels than type I tumours. The detection of low volume type II carcinomas in stage IIIa/b is associated with a higher likelihood for optimal cytoreduction, the most robust prognostic indicator for ovarian cancer patients. The diagnosis of type II ovarian cancer in the early substages of stage III with CA125 may be possible using a higher cutoff point rather than the traditionally used 35 U/mL through the use of point-of-care CA125 assays in primary care facilities. Rapid point-of-care testing also has the potential for effective longitudinal screening and quick monitoring of ovarian cancer patients during and after treatment. This review covers the role of CA125 in the diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer and explores novel and more effective screening strategies with CA125.

Symptoms or signs due to different chemotherapeutics and their relationship with serum cytokines/VEGF levels in patients with cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21176-21176
Author(s):  
A. Demirkazik ◽  
H. Yilmaz ◽  
H. Akbulut ◽  
B. Yalcin ◽  
F. Icli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

21176 Background: Several problems such as myalgia, arthralgia, fever, dyspnea, generalised edema and pleural effusion and rarely “systemic capillary leak syndrome” may appear following the chemotherapy in cancer patients. Although it is supposed that some cytokines are associated with the development of these problems, there is no clear evidence for the relation between the cause and the effect. In this study, the relation between some symptoms following the first chemotherapy in cancer patients and the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL- 2), interleukin-11 (IL-11), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which are supposed to cause these symptoms was investigated. Methods: Forty-four (28 male and 18 female) patients with cancer who had no heart, lung or renal diseases were consecutively enrolled to this study. Twenty-nine patients (27 with lung cancer, 1 with locally advanced gastric and 1 with pancreatic carcinoma) had active tumors. Fifteen patients (11 with breast cancer, 2 with gastric carcinoma, 1 with colon carcinoma, 1 with ovarian cancer) had no tumor because they were just curatively operated. Patients’ symptoms and findings due to chemotherapy were noted just before the chemotherapy and 24 hours later following chemotherapy. Patients’ serum samples were taken for the measurement of VEGF, TNF, IL-2 and IL-11 levels. Results: Any relation between the chemotherapeutic drugs and the symptoms or findings such as edema, dyspnea, cough and flu-like syndrome in patients were not observed. Otherwise, there were no relation with response to the chemotherapy and serum levels of VEGF, TNF, IL-2 and IL-11. But, patients who were not treated with paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine and vinorelbine showed a significant decrease in their IL-11 levels (p: 0.006). Conclusions: There was no statistically important difference between chemotherapeutics in terms of cytokine related effects. Although, there was no relation with response to the chemotherapy and serum cytokine levels, serum IL-11 levels were stable in patients administered with paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine and vinorelbine when compared with other drugs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Lynch Syndrome Identification in Endometrial Cancer Patients: Should Universal Screening be Used for all Histologies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Parker ◽  
Caitlin Mauer ◽  
Wenxin Zheng ◽  
David S. Miller ◽  
Jayanthi S. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Family History ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Screening Approach ◽  
Endometrial Cancers

Background: There is an increased proportion of non-endometrioid histologies in Lynch syndrome-associated compared to sporadic endometrial cancer, however screening recommendations do not differ between type I and type II cancers. Objective: Our objective was to examine the frequency of Lynch syndrome identified in type I and type II endometrial cancers and their associated characteristics. Methods: We reviewed patients with type I and type II endometrial cancer who were screened for Lynch Syndrome or referred for genetic testing according to an age and family-history based screening protocol. All patients were seen and treated at large academic institution affiliated with a county safety-net hospital. Clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemistry, and germline genetic testing results were obtained as well as choice of genetic screening approach, personal and family history, and compliance with testing. Results: 234 women with type I and 29 patients with type II endometrial cancer were identified. Lynch syndrome was diagnosed in a total of eight (3.4%) type I endometrial cancer patients, all identified after age-based tumor screening. In the type II endometrial cancer group, three (10.3%) patients had Lynch syndrome. One was referred for testing after abnormal immunohistochemistry screening under age 60. The other two were >60 years old and identified after abnormal immunohistochemistry screening performed by physician request. Conclusion: Age based screening may not diagnose Lynch Syndrome in women with type II endometrial cancers. Our findings underscore the need for a universal screening approach in patients with type II endometrial cancers, even in a low resource population.

scholarly journals Métodos para avaliação da sarcopenia em pacientes hospitalizados com câncer do trato gastrointestinal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lais de Oliveira ◽  
Rafaely de Fátima Fernandes Almeida Vieira ◽  
Angelica Rocha de Freitas Melhem ◽  
Dalton Luiz Schiessel ◽  
Silvana Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by the association of loss of lean mass and functionality, and in cancer patients it is a frequent situation. Thus, the study aims to assess the presence of sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using alternative assessments to analyse the patient’s strength and functionality. Methods: To assess sarcopenia in cancer patients, the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (APM), dynamometry to assess handgrip strength and the Barthel Scale to analyse functionality were collected, associating APM and dynamometer and MAP. with Barthel scale in cancer patients. Results: Twenty patients participated in the study, with moderately malnourished patients showing greater strength in the dynamometer in relation to the well-nourished ones and that obese individuals had greater APM in relation to other nutritional states. Regarding functionality, most patients 80% were classified as independent. Patients with esophageal cancer had MAP inferior to the other locations of the body evaluated, but compared with the dynamometer they presented better results. Conclusions: There was no high prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using the methods used APM, dynamometer and Barthel Scale.

scholarly journals Effects of aquatic conditioning on cartilage and bone metabolism in young horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L Silvers ◽  
Jessica L Leatherwood ◽  
Carolyn E Arnold ◽  
Brian D Nielsen ◽  
Chelsie J Huseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cartilage Metabolism ◽  
Young Horses

Abstract While beneficial in rehabilitation, aquatic exercise effects on cartilage and bone metabolism in young, healthy horses has not been well described. Therefore, 30 Quarter Horse yearlings (343 ± 28 kg; 496 ± 12 d of age) were stratified by age, body weight (BW), and sex and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments for 140-d to evaluate effects of aquatic, dry, or no exercise on bone and cartilage metabolism in young horses transitioning to an advanced workload. Treatments included nonexercise control (CON; n = 10), dry treadmill (DRY; n = 10), or aquatic treadmill exercise (H2O; n = 10; water: 60% wither height, WH). Horses were housed individually (3.6 × 3.6 m) from 0600 to 1800 hours, allowed turnout (74 × 70 m) from 1800 to 0600 hours, and fed to meet or exceed requirements. During phase I (days 0 to 112), DRY and H2O walked on treadmills 30 min/d, 5 d/wk. Phase II (days 113 to 140) transitioned to an advanced workload 5 d/wk. Every 14-d, WH, hip height (HH), and BW were recorded. Left third metacarpal radiographs on days 0, 112, and 140 were analyzed for radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Every 28-d, serum samples were analyzed for osteocalcin and C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1), and synovial fluid samples were analyzed for prostaglandin E2, collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), collagenase of type I and type II collagen, and carboxypeptide of type II collagen using ELISAs. All data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, including random effect of horse within treatment, and repeated effect of day. Baseline treatment differences were accounted for using a covariate. There were treatment × day interactions (P &lt; 0.01) where OC and CTX-1 remained consistent in both exercise groups while inconsistently increasing in CON. There were no treatment differences (P &gt; 0.30) in RBAE, BW, or HH, but all increased over time (P &lt; 0.01). There were no treatment × day interactions of synovial inflammation or markers of cartilage metabolism; however, there was an effect of day for each marker (P&lt;0.03). Changes in biomarkers of cartilage turnover in horses exercised at the walk, whether dry or aquatic, could not be distinguished from horses with access to turnout alone. This study indicates that early forced exercise supports consistent bone metabolism necessary for uniform growth and bone development, and that there are no negative effects of buoyancy on cartilage metabolism in yearlings transitioned from aquatic exercise to a 28-d advanced workload.

scholarly journals Identification offusB-Mediated Fusidic Acid Resistance Islands in Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5842-5849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Jan Chen ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
Sung-Pin Tseng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Flanking Regions

ABSTRACTTo understand the high prevalence offusBgenes in fusidic acid-resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis, analysis of resistance elements in 34 isolates was performed. First, sequence analysis of theaj1-LP-fusBregion indicated that at least three types were present. Type I contained full-lengthaj1, type II contained a partialaj1truncated from nucleotide position 93 to 421, and type III contained a more truncatedaj1that retained only the last 37 bp. Isolates with type I or type IIaj1displayed slightly higher levels of resistance to fusidic acid (MICs, 8 to 32 μg/ml) than did those with type IIIaj1(MICs, 4 to 16 μg/ml). Subsequent sequencing of the flanking regions offusBfrom four selected isolates carrying different types ofaj1-LP-fusBregions revealed that thefusBgenes were all located on phage-related resistance islands (RIs), referred to as SeRIfusB-2793, SeRIfusB-704, SeRIfusB-5907, and SeRIfusB-7778, respectively. Among them, three islands (SeRIfusB-2793, SeRIfusB-704, and SeRIfusB-5907) were located downstream ofgroEL(corresponding to the 44-min position based onStaphylococcus aureuswhole genomic sequences), and one (SeRIfusB-7778) was located downstream ofrpsR(corresponding to the 8-min position). All of the RIs were inserted into integrase-recognizedattsites. Among 34 isolates, the insertion sites offusBRIs were mostly (28/34, 82%) located downstream ofgroELand two were located downstream ofrpsR, but four remained unidentified. The pulsotype distribution indicated thatfusB-containingS. epidermidisisolates were heterogeneous. In conclusion, thefusBresistance determinant inS. epidermidiswas highly associated with phage-related RIs. This is the first report offusBRI inS. epidermidis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of variations of the glenoid attachment of the inferior glenohumeral ligament by magnetic resonance arthrography

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Marcelo Novelino Simão ◽  
Maximilian Jokiti Kobayashi ◽  
Matheus de Andrade Hernandes ◽  
Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Intraobserver Agreement ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Glenoid

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the anatomical variations of the attachment of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) to the anterior glenoid rim. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 93 magnetic resonance arthrography examinations of the shoulder. Two radiologists, who were blinded to the patient data and were working independently, read the examinations. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement were evaluated. The pattern of IGHL glenoid attachment and its position on the anterior glenoid rim were recorded. Results: In 50 examinations (53.8%), the glenoid attachment was classified as type I (originating from the labrum), whereas it was classified as type II (originating from the glenoid neck) in 43 (46.2%). The IGHL emerged at the 4 o’clock position in 58 cases (62.4%), at the 3 o’clock position in 14 (15.0%), and at the 5 o’clock position in 21 (22.6%). The rates of interobserver and intraobserver agreement were excellent. Conclusion: Although type I IGHL glenoid attachment is more common, we found a high prevalence of the type II variation. The IGHL emerged between the 3 o’clock and 5 o’clock positions, most commonly at the 4 o’clock position.

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