scholarly journals Trinexapac-Ethyl and Sulfometuron-Methyl Selectivity to Young Eucalyptus Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
G.B. Villela
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Higher Doses

Trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl are the most widely used ripeners in sugarcane. The application is performed by airborne spraying. Thus, if weather conditions are unfavorable, spray drift to neighboring areas may occur. The objective of this study was to assess the selectivity of the plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl, used as sugarcane ripeners, to eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) young plants. The experiment was installed in an eucalyptus commercial yield area, in the municipality of Tambaú, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and arranged in a 2 x 8 factorial design in randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments studied were trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl, sprayed in eight doses, 0; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 10; 25; 50 and 100% of the dose used in sugarcane as ripeners (200 g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl and 15 g ha-1 of sulfometuron-methyl). Chemical ripeners were applied on eucalyptus plants with 48 cm in height on average; 10.1 branches; 4.5 mm of stem diameter and 44.3 cm of crown diameter, at 46 days after seeding. Trinexapac-ethyl was selective to eucalyptus and stimulated crown diameter growth. At higher doses, sulfometuron-methyl promoted severe noticeable injuries in eucalyptus plants, such as apical bud death. However, during the assessment period the plants recovered and the visual symptoms of phytotoxicity and growth alterations were not observed at 60 days after application. The plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl were selective to eucalyptus young plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorocholine Chloride and Triazoles – Tebuconazole and Flusilazole on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus Var. Oleifera L.) in Response to the Application Term and Sowing Density

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Matysiak ◽  
Sylwia Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chlorocholine Chloride

Abstract Winter oilseed rape is strongly responsive to changes in the plant density. Any change in plant density significantly affects the morphological characteristics and yield of the crop. In addition, plant growth habit can be modified by the use of plant growth regulators. Apart from plant growth regulators like eg. chlorocholine chloride some triazoles have dual properties (fungicide and plant growth regulator) eg. tebuconazole. The trials were carried out in the years 2006-2008 at the Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute in Poznan (Poland). The treatments consisted of chlorocholine chloride, tebuconazole and flusilazole applied in spring at the growth stage BBCH 30 and BBCH 50 of winter oilseed rape. The field trials were conducted with two sowing densities of winter oilseed rape: 60 seeds/ m2 and 120 seeds/m2. The vegetation seasons varied according to the weather conditions, and the second testing year was characterised by drought in May and June. In the experiments plant height, SPAD units, number of siliques per plant, seed number per silique, weight of thousand seeds, yield, protein and fat content in the seeds were estimated. The increase of silique numbers per plant appeared only at the lower sowing density as a result of the application of tebuconazole or a mixture of tebuconazole with CCC. Flusilazole had a positive impact on seed number per silique. At both sowing densities, changes in the weight of a thousand seeds under the influence of the test preparations, were observed only in that year which had wet weather conditions. A more favourable effect of the test substances on the weight of a thousand seeds was obtained at the lower sowing density. All the tested substances positively affected SPAD unit values at the lower sowing density. At the higher sowing density, SPAD unit values increased after the application of flusilazole, and after a mixture of CCC + tebuconazole. The tested substances had a positive impact on plant yield but they did not affect the protein and fat content in oilseed rape seeds.

scholarly journals Centipedegrass Response to Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

A field study was conducted in southern Louisiana to screen several plant growth regulators (PGRs) for efficacy in suppressing centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] vegetative growth and seedhead production. PGRs were applied in three sequential treatments in 1988 and included ethephon, glyphosate, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, sethoxydim, and sulfometuron methyl. Ethephon (5.0 kg·ha-1) suppressed mean centipedegrass vegetative growth by 15% with no turf injury. Mefluidide (0.6 kg·ha-1) and ethephon reduced mean seedhead number by 55% and 61%, respectively. Glyphosate (0.6 kg·ha-1) suppressed vegetative and reproductive growth, but caused unacceptable phytotoxicity and reduced centipedegrass cover and quality during Spring 1989. Use of ethephon or mefluidide to reduce trimming requirements or mower operation in hazardous areas may be an effective means of inhibiting centipedegrass growth. Chemical names used: N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); N -[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluromethyl) sulfonyl]amino] phenyl]acetimide (mefluidide); 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl] -5[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cycIohexen-l-one (sethoxy-dim); 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2 -pyrimidinyl) amino] carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]benzoic acid (sulfometuron methyl); (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon); (±)-(R*R*)β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(l,l-dimethylethyl) -1 H -l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

Productivity and elements of the formation of the structure of the yield of sunflower genotypes when treated with plant growth regulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
D.V. Chuiko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Active Substances

Formulation of the problem. Among the main opportunities for improving seed production and the technology of growing sunflower in general is the use of plant growth regulators (further – PGRs). The main problem of PGRs is their strong dependence on weather conditions during the processing of plants. In addition, with the rapid increase in the number of PGRs in the State Register of Pesticides and Agrochemicals, their effect on various types of genotypes and their functionality under uncontrolled weather conditions remains poorly understood. Relevance of the topic. One of the most cost-effective and proven effective is the use of plant growth regulators. To date, a whole series of synthetic growth regulators, which in its composition has the active substances of humic origin, mineral compounds and extracts with different plants. But today the reaction of each genotype of sunflower separately from each other under the action of PGRs with different active substances remains little studied. Purpose. Study of the response of various genotypes of lines, hybrids and varieties of sunflower to the use of plant growth regulators. Material and methods. The studies were carried out in the period from 2018–2020., on the experimental field of the Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production of KhNAU named after V.V. Dokuchaev. Lines, experimental hybrids and varieties of sunflower were used as the studied genotypes. Plant growth regulators Fulvital Plus, EcoStim, QuadroStim and applied by spraying during the growing season in the phase of 2–5 true leaves, and again in the phase of the sprocket. Conclusions. On average, over the years of research, the productivity of sterile lines increased from 0.7 to 38.1 %, depending on the PGRs and genotype. It is noted that lines SKh808A and SKh1002A have a greater potential to increase the structural indicators of the yield. One of the factors is their high adaptive capacity to the environment. The average rate of increase in line productivity according to PGRs from 5.1 g formed in the SKh1002A line and in SKh808A by 7.1 g. The weight of 1000 seeds increased from 0.3 to 24.7 % depending on PGRs, natural seeds and was within from -3.7 to 17.3 % depending on the drug and the line. The influence of PGRs on fertile lines of sunflower was weaker in comparison with sterile lines. By factor B, an increase in productivity was noted in the Kh785V line by 15.8 % and in the Kh1012B line by 27.7%, respectively. The main influence of PGRs in these lines under study was an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds. Thus, this indicator was 44.4 g for the Kh1012B line, which is 30.3 % more than the control and in the Kh06135V line – 53.1 g, an increase of 15.3 % to the control. The low performance of fertile lines compared to sterile lines is a consequence of the energy consumption of plants, since fertile lines produce pollen during the growing season, while fertile lines spend only energy on seed formation. The use of PGRs turned out to be quite effective in experimental hybrids. An increase in the genetic set occurs precisely during the creation of hybrids, the manifestation of heterosis increases the productive and adaptive capabilities of plants. The increase in the productivity of the hybrids was in the range of 0.3–19.6 %, the mass of 1000 seeds was in the range of 3.4–16.7 %. The productive characteristics of sunflower varieties had a low response to the use of PGRs Fulvital Plus, EcoStim and QuadroStim during the research period 2018–2020. Keywords. seed production, breeding, lines, sunflower, plant growth regulators, yield, hybrids, variety.

scholarly journals Herbicidas e Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas Utilizados na Cana-de-Açúcar e sua Ação sobre Adultos de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Marina de Rezende Antigo ◽  
Eduardo Mitio Shimbori ◽  
Daniele Fabiana Glaeser ◽  
Harley Nonato De Oliveira ◽  
Gerado Andrade Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Chemical Solutions

Resumo. Durante o manejo da cultura da cana-de-açúcar são utilizados diversos produtos fitossanitários que podem afetar o desempenho de parasitoides, inimigos naturais da broca-da-cana, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) e consequentemente, o controle biológico da mesma. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar em laboratório o efeito de herbicidas e reguladores de crescimento de plantas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, sobre a sobrevivência, e parasitismo de adultos do parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, assim como sobre a emergência do parasitoide (F1). Os produtos testados foram: Clomazone, Diuron + Hexazinone (herbicidas); Sulfometuron-methyl e Trinexapac-ethyl (reguladores de crescimento de plantas) nas maiores doses recomendadas à cultura. Ovos de D. saccharalis foram imersos durante 5 segundos em uma das caldas químicas e, após secos por 1 hora, oferecidos às fêmeas de T. galloi, totalizando 20 repetições. Avaliou-se a mortalidade e o número de ovos parasitados pela geração F0, assim como, a emergência da geração F1 de T. galloi, sendo os produtos classificados quanto à toxicidade, conforme percentual de redução da sobrevivência, parasitismo e emergência do parasitoide. Em relação à sobrevivência de T. galloi, número de ovos parasitados pela F0 e a emergência da F1, Clomazone e Trinexapac-ethyl foram classificados como levemente prejudicais. Diuron + Hexazinone e Sulfometuron-methyl foram inócuos em todos os parâmetros avaliados, com exceção do parasitismo, onde Diuron + Hexazinone foi classificado como levemente prejudicial. Conclui-se que, Clomazone, Diuron + Hexazinone, Trinexapac-ethyl e Sulfometuron-methyl são inócuos ou levemente prejudiciais a sobrevivência e parasitismo (F0) de adultos de T. galloi, e a emergência (F1) desse parasitoide, em laboratório.Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators Used in SUGARCANE and their Action on Adult Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Abstract. During crop sugarcane management, several used pesticides can affect the performance of parasitoids, natural enemies of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharallis (Fabricius) and consequently the biological control ofit. Thus, the objective was to evaluate in laboratory the effect of herbicides and plant growth regulators used in the sugarcane crops on survival and parasitism in adults of the eggs parasitoids, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi. The products tested were the herbicides Clomazone and Diuron + Hexazinone, and the plant regulators Sulfometuron-methyl and Trinexapac-ethyl, all in the higher recommended dosages for sugarcane. The eggs of D. saccharalis were immersed during 5 seconds in chemical solutions and, after dry for 1 hour, offered to T. galloi females with 20 repetitions. We evaluated the mortality and number of eggs parasitized by the F0 generation of T. galloi, as well as the emergence of the F1. The products were classified by their toxicity, according to the percentage of reduction in the survival, parasitism and emergence of the parasitoid. In relation to the survival of adult T. galloi, the number of eggs parasitized by F0 as well as the percentage of F1 emergence, clomazone and trinexapac-ethyl were classified as slightly harmful. Diuron+hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl were harmless in all parameters, except for parasitism, where diuron+hexazinone was classified as slightly harmful. We conclude that clomazone, diuron+hexazinone, trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl, are harmless or slightly harmful the survival and parasitism (F0) of T. galloi adults and emergence (F1) of this parasitoid in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Benefit of using plant growth regulators in fodder barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Leila Erviö ◽  
Heikki Jalli ◽  
Markku Kontturi ◽  
Heikki Hakkola ◽  
Arjo Kangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Growing Conditions

The study was conducted to investigate the effect and benefit of applying plant growth regulators (PGR) to two easily lodging barley cultivars, Arra and Kilta, which were commonly used for fodder production all over Finland. Field trials were conducted at six experimental sites in different parts of the country. Of the PGRs tested, ethephon and mepiquat/ethephon were the most effective in shortening the culm and preventing lodging. However, neither could prevent the lodge adequately in all growing circumstances. When applied at flag-leaf stage (FS 10) they increased yield under conditions favourable for lodging. They also raised the volume weight of barley, which was important for the final price of the yield. The most important factors determining future lodging of barley were an effective temperature sum of over +5°C and precipitation during the period from sowing to the beginning of tillering (FS 2). About 64-68% of the lodging risk of the cultivars studied could be predicted from weather conditions during early development of the crop. Local growing conditions and the presence of lodge had a marked impact on the results obtained with PGRs. In the case of moderate lodging the compound used determined whether a profit or loss was made on the crop. In the case of heavy lodging, compounds containing ethephon contributed to an economic return. Their application at flag-leaf stage gave a profit of FIM 70 - 390 ha-1. Since the profitability of PGR treatments depended on lodging, treatments are recommended for fodder barley only when lodging is expected. The lodging risk can be predicted within certain limits at the tillering stage of barley.

scholarly journals Productivity and technological qualities of Grom winter wheat grain variety depending on the application of plant growth regulators and nitrogen top dressings

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov ◽  
Z. A. Ivanova ◽  
F. Kh. Tkhazeplova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain

The article presents the results of a multi-year research aimed at establishing the influence of plant growth regulators and doses of nitrogen top dressings on the growth, development, productivity and technological qualities of Grom variety of soft winter wheat grain of the FSBSI «SGC named after P.P. Lukyanenko» selection. The results of the research revealed that the duration of the entire growing season and interphase stages of winter wheat development was largely influenced by weather conditions in the spring-summer period. Application of nitrogen top dressing in the «tillering-beginning of stemming» phase promoted the formation of more vigorous winter wheat plants with an increased tillering coefficient. The best indicators were obtained in options where «Biosil» preparation was used. The most intensive increase in the aboveground mass of winter wheat throughout the growing season occurred with the use of the «Alfastim» growth regulator; it was followed by «Novosil» preparation. The cultivation of crops with growth regulators increased the productive plant stand by 7,8–15,2%, but didn’t have a significant effect on the other elements of the crop structure. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in doses of N35+N35 иN35+N35+N20 when treated with «Novosil» growth regulator provided a high yield – up to 7,13 t/ha. Slightly lower was the yield with the use of «Alfastim» preparation compared with «Novosil». In the option without nitrogen fertilizers the fifth class grain was formed, and the treatment of winter wheat crops with the studied preparations increased the class of grain to the fourth one, due to an increase in the content of protein and gluten in the grain. Similar changes were also noted when nitrogen was added to the top dressing at doses of N20 + N20 and N35 + N35. Spring nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat crops in the heading phase contributed to an increase in the grain class.

scholarly journals Carpetgrass Seedhead Suppression with Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1257-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Fry ◽  
D. Wayne Wells
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
South Louisiana

Field studies were conducted in south Louisiana to identify plant growth regulators that suppress carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase.) seedhead development. In an initial study, best results were obtained with sethoxydim (0.11 kg·ha-1) and sulfometuron methyl (0.6 kg·ha-1), which reduced seedhead development by 88% and 86%, respectively, compared to untreated plots 21 days after treatment. Sulfometuron methyl caused unacceptable carpetgrass injury, however. Evaluation of seven sethoxydim application levels between 0 and 0.34 kg a.i./ha showed that carpetgrass seedhead number and elongation rate declined with increasing sethoxydim amount [SEEDHEAD NUMBER (m-2) = 515 – 1340 (kg), R2 = 0.82; ELONGATION (cm) = 25.3 – 151 (kg) + 276 (kg2), R2 = 0.77]. Carpetgrass seedhead production was restricted up to 6 weeks after sethoxydim (0.17 and 0.22 kg·ha-1) application. Chemical names used: (2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-ethylthio)propyl)-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) (seth-oxydim); (2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid) (sulfometuron methyl).

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