scholarly journals Repeatability and comparison of clinical tests in children with spastic diplegia and with typical development,

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tainá Ribas Mélo ◽  
André Luiz Félix Rodacki ◽  
Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães ◽  
Vera Lúcia Israel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Td Methods ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Hip Flexor

Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability of three range of motion tests (Straight Leg Raise, Modified Thomas, and Duncan-Ely) using photographic measurements in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SD) and with typical development (TD). Methods A cross-sectional test-retest design was applied to compare muscle-tendon unit shortening tests between groups. Results The tests showed reliability that ranged from good to excellent (ICC > 0.8), except for the Thomas Test for the bi-articular hip flexor muscle-tendon unit of the TD group (ICC = 0.7). Differences between groups were found in all tests (p < 0.05), except when the range of motion of the bi-articular hip flexor muscles was assessed using the Thomas test (p > 0.05). Conclusion Children with SD presents a smaller range of motion than the TD group. However, the Thomas Test for the bi-articular hip flexor muscles was unable to determine differences between children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy from that with typical development.

scholarly journals Passive Versus Active Stretching of Hip Flexor Muscles in Subjects With Limited Hip Extension: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V Winters ◽  
Charles G Blake ◽  
Jennifer S Trost ◽  
Toni B Marcello-Brinker ◽  
Lynne Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Muscle Tightness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Hip Flexor ◽  
Hip Extension

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Active stretching is purported to stretch the shortened muscle and simultaneously strengthen the antagonist muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether active and passive stretching results in a difference between groups at improving hip extension range of motion in patients with hip flexor muscle tightness. Subjects and Methods. Thirty-three patients with low back pain and lower-extremity injuries who showed decreased range of motion, presumably due to hip flexor muscle tightness, completed the study. The subjects, who had a mean age of 23.6 years (SD=5.3, range=18–25), were randomly assigned to either an active home stretching group or a passive home stretching group. Hip extension range of motion was measured with the subjects in the modified Thomas test position at baseline and 3 and 6 weeks after the start of the study. Results. Range of motion in both groups improved over time, but there were no differences between groups. Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicate that passive and active stretching are equally effective for increasing range of motion, presumably due to increased flexibility of tight hip flexor muscles. Whether the 2 methods equally improve flexibility of other muscle groups or whether active stretching improves the function of the antagonist muscles is not known. Active and passive stretching both appeared to increase the flexibility of tight hip flexor muscles in patients with musculoskeletal impairments.

scholarly journals Effects of Task Constraints on Kinematic Characteristics of Body Segments in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Children with Typical Development during Hand-Reaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11140
Author(s):  
Yun-Huei Ju ◽  
Rong-Ju Cherng
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Reaching Tasks ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulty in managing postural control during functional reaching tasks, although children with different postural control ability are able to come up with different motor solutions to cope with different task demands. This study examined the effect of task constraint on postural control performance in children with cerebral palsy and typical development (TD) in terms of different postural control abilities. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. Twelve children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (mean age: 107.8 months) and 16 typically developing children (mean age: 110.9 months) participated in this study. Individually, all subjects were seated in a height-adjusted chair and were requested to reach for target(s) located at three different directions (medial, anterior, and lateral). A six-camera Qualisys Motion Capture System was used to capture motion data. Kinematic data in terms of body alignment and angular changes were analyzed. Results: Children with cerebral palsy demonstrated different postural control strategies to complete different reaching tasks compared to typically developing children by preparing postural alignment in advance, coordinating different body orientation movements during reaching after showing difficulty in managing reach medially. Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy perceive their insufficient ability and prepare their alignment in advance to adapt to the task demanded and decrease the postural challenges of the task. Even though children with cerebral palsy self-generate different motor solutions to reach without falling, these alternative strategies might not be the most efficient adaptation.

scholarly journals Obstacle Crossing During Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Cross-Sectional Study With Kinematic Analysis of Dynamic Balance and Trunk Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailish Malone ◽  
Damien Kiernan ◽  
Helen French ◽  
Valerie Saunders ◽  
Timothy O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstacle Crossing

Abstract Background Balance problems are common in children who have cerebral palsy (CP) but are active and ambulant. Control of the whole-body center of mass is critical in maintaining dynamic stability during challenging mobility tasks, such as clearing an obstacle while walking. Objective The objective of this study was to compare trunk and lower limb kinematics and center-of-mass control in children with CP and those in children with typical development during obstacle crossing. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Thirty-four children who were 5 to 17 years of age (17 with CP and 17 with typical development) and matched in age and height completed 2 gait trials involving crossing a 10-cm obstacle. Methods Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were captured with a general-purpose 3-dimensional motion tracking system and forceplates. Trunk data were captured with a validated model. Results All children cleared the obstacle with similar hip and knee kinematics, step length, and single-support duration. In children with CP, step width was increased by 4.81 cm, and center-of-mass velocity was significantly slower at lead limb toe-off (0.31 m/s) and during lead limb clearance (0.2 m/s). Children with CP showed altered trunk and pelvis movement, characterized by significantly greater pelvic obliquity, pelvic tilt, and trunk rotation throughout the task, increased lateral trunk lean during lead limb crossing (3.7°), and greater sagittal trunk movement as the trail limb crossed (5.1°). Limitations The study was not powered to analyze differences between children with diplegia and those with hemiplegia. Conclusions Children with CP required greater adjustments at the trunk and pelvis to achieve successful obstacle crossing. The increase in trunk movement could have been compensatory for reduced stability distally or for a primary problem reflecting poor proximal control. The findings suggest that rehabilitation should focus on both proximal trunk control and distal stability to improve balance.

scholarly journals Pinch grip strength and fine manual control in children with diplegic cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ahmed Abd El-samad ◽  
Gehan Hassan El-Meniawy ◽  
Sahar Mohamed Nour El-Din ◽  
Nanees Essam Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pinch Grip ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

Abstract Background In children with spastic diplegia, efficient use of the upper extremity especially the hands play an important role in participation in daily living. Hands can perform heavy activities and also enable to perform extremely gentle, skillful, and precise activities. Inadequate hand strength and fine motor skills may lead to functional limitations. This study was planned to investigate the pinch grip strength and fine manual control in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and to determine if there is a relation between them. Thirty children with diplegic cerebral palsy and 30 normal developed children from both sexes between 5 and 10 years old were included in this study as diplegic and control groups. For all children, pinch grip strength measured by Baseline Mechanical Pinch Gauge and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition used to evaluate fine manual control. Results Children with diplegic cerebral palsy have significant impairment in the pinch grip strength (tip, tripod, and key) and the fine manual control (fine motor precision and integration) compared to their healthy peers of the same age. There was large positive significant correlation (r > 0.5, p < 0.05) between tip and tripod pinch strength, and fine motor precision and medium positive significant correlation (r = 0.47, p < 0.05) between key pinch and fine motor precision in children with spastic diplegia. Also, there was large positive significant correlation between tip pinch and fine motor integration (r = 0.54, p < 0.05). The correlations are small and medium positive between tripod and key pinch strength, and fine motor integration respectively but they are not statistically significant. Conclusions Pinch grip strength and fine manual skills are affected in children with spastic diplegia. Also, there is a significant correlation between the pinch strength and activities require precise control of the hand.

scholarly journals Relationships between lower extremity strength and the multi-directional reach test in children aged 7 to 12 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Benjaporn Hirunyaphinun ◽  
Soontharee Taweetanalarp ◽  
Anong Tantisuwat
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Limits Of Stability ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Control Balance ◽  
Hip Flexor

Objective: This study investigates the relationships between the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT) and lower extremity strength in typical children. Methods: The MDRT including forward, backward, leftward, and rightward directions was measured in 60 children aged between 7 and 12 years old with typical development. The lower extremity muscle groups were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results: The reaching score in each direction had positive relationships with the strengths of several lower extremity muscle groups ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]). Only the strengths of the hip flexor and knee flexor muscles significantly correlated with the MDRT scores in all directions ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: This study highlights the strength of the hip and knee flexor muscle groups as being important domain to control balance in all directions. These findings may be used for therapists in planning a balance program to improve the limits of stability.

Effect of Resistance Training of Psoas Major in Combination With Regular Running Training on Performance in Long-Distance Runners

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamanaka ◽  
Shinya Wakasawa ◽  
Koya Yamashiro ◽  
Naoki Kodama ◽  
Daisuke Sato
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Flexor

Purpose: The study determined whether the increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of psoas major, which is known as a hip-flexion muscle, by resistance training combined with running training improves the performance of long-distance runners. Methods: Subjects were 8 well-trained male long-distance runners. The personal best time in a 5000-m race was 15:10.0 (0:20.5) (mean [SD]). Each subject performed resistance training twice per week with running training for 12 weeks. The authors used 3 resistance training regimens that would train the hip flexor muscles. Training intensity was a maximum of 10 repetitions. The training amount was 3 sets × 10 times during the first 4 weeks followed by 4 sets × 10 times during the last 8 weeks. The authors measured the CSA of psoas major using magnetic resonance imaging and the performance of long-distance runners using a constant velocity running test before (pre) and after (post) the training term. Results: The combination training significantly (P < .01, d = 0.34) increased the CSA of psoas major (pre: 16.2 [1.5] cm2, post: 16.7 [1.4] cm2) and significantly (P < .01, d = 1.41) improved the duration of the constant velocity running test (pre: 500 [108] s, post: 715 [186] s). Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the pre to post change in the duration of the constant velocity exercise was significantly correlated with the change in CSA of the psoas major. Conclusion: The authors suggest that resistance training of psoas major with running training is correlated with an improvement in the performance of long-distance runners.

Quantifying Active Ankle Range of Motion in Cerebral Palsy Following Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Engsberg ◽  
Sandy A. Ross ◽  
Tae S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was conducted to determine whether an objective and quantitative measure for active ankle range of motion would be sensitive to differences between persons of able body and those with cerebral palsy (CP), and between pre- and postselective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). Twelve children with spastic diplegia CP were tested before undergoing an SDR, and again after 8 months of intensive physical therapy (SDR group). Fourteen other children with spastic diplegia were tested initially and again 8 months following no intervention but maintaining their existing level of physical therapy (CP group). Twenty age-matched children of able body were tested once (AB group). A video system recorded active sagittal plane ankle movements as the seated child independently performed maximum dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The data were tracked and analyzed to determine end-range dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, and total active ankle range of motion. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to test for significant differences among and between groups, p < 0. 05. Results for the SDR group indicated a significant increase in end-range dorsiflexion and total range of motion following the surgery, with no changes in any measures for the CP group. Results for both groups with CP indicated differences vs. the AB group. The measure provided additional information from what has previously been reported for active ankle range of motion. The integration of this measure with other objective measures for quantifying impairments and presurgical function may be useful in predicting post-SDR gait status and other functional activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Fatigue of the Hip Flexor Muscles on Hamstring Muscle Extensibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Muyor ◽  
Francisco M. Arrabal-Campos
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Hip Flexor ◽  
Active Adults

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of acute fatigue of the hip flexor muscles on scores attained in tests frequently used in literature to measure hamstring muscle extensibility, namely the passive straight leg raise (PSLR), active straight leg raise (ASLR), passive knee extension (PKE), active knee extension (AKE), sit-and-reach (SR) and toe-touch (TT) tests. A total of seventy-five healthy and recreationally active adults voluntarily participated in this study. To reach fatigue, the participants actively lifted their legs alternately as many times as possible. In the passive tests, the results were 7.10 ± 5.21° and 5.68 ± 4.54° higher (p < 0.01) for PSLR and PKE tests, respectively, after acute fatigue. However, in the ASLR test, the results were lower post-fatigue than pre-fatigue (mean difference = -5.30° ± 9.51°; p < 0.01). The AKE, SR and TT tests did not show significant differences between pre- and post-fatigue (p > 0.05). Moderate (r = 0.40) to high (r = 0.97) correlation coefficients were found, which were statistically significant among all the measured flexibility tests both pre- and post-fatigue. In conclusion, the active implication of the hip flexor muscles until reaching fatigue had acute influences on the results of the PSLR, PKE and ASLR tests, but not on the results of the AKE, SR and TT tests. It is recommended to use the AKE test to assess hamstring muscle extensibility in situations where athletes show fatigue in their hip flexor muscles.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY PROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehreen Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rehabilitation Team ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Short Sensory Profile ◽  
Movement Sensitivity

ABSTRACT AIMS & OBJECTIVES Children with cerebral palsy present with the complain of motor and sensory deficits. The movement and posture difficulties are well addressed by the rehabilitation team; however, sensory deficits remain unaddressed. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sensory processing characteristics in Spastic Diplegic children using Short Sensory Profile. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted at special education institutes/schools of Karachi. The Cerebral Palsy children with Spastic Diplegia aged 4-15 years were enrolled through Non-Probability Convenience Sampling Technique. Data was collected from parents/guardians of the participants using Short Sensory Profile questionnaire. RESULTS A sample of 70 participants was obtained out of 133 with a highest reported mean score of 17.38 in Tactile Sensitivity, while lowest in Taste/Smell and Movement Sensitivity i.e. 8.77 and 6.12 respectively. Moreover, a significant weak correlation was determined between Tactile and Movement Sensitivity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that all CP children enrolled in the study were showing Atypical sensory performance on Short Sensory Profile. Further investigation is required to establish psychometric properties of Short Sensory Profile on CP population and understand the correlation of sensory modulation impairments with functional performance for better intervention outcome for CP children.

scholarly journals Association between type of cerebral palsy and the cognitive levels

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningrum ◽  
Elizabeth Siti Herini ◽  
Djauhar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Borderline Iq

Background Cerebral palsy is the main cause of physical disabilityduring childhood. Assessment is necessary to acknowledge thelevel of intelligence of the patients and to prevent impairmentsin order to plan the prompt intervention.Objectives To evaluate the cognitive levels of cerebral palsy andassociation between cognitive levels and its types.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on subjectsfrom Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. Intelligence wasmeasured using the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales, whereasdiagnosis of cerebral palsy was based on criteria of the AmericanAcademy for Cerebral Palsy (AACP). Data were analyzed usingchi-square test.Results There were 35 subjects, comprising of 21 boys and 14girls aged 5-18 years. The results show that in general, childrenwith cerebral palsy had mental retardation in several cognitivelevels. Children with hemiplegia type (1 subject) had IQ level that equals to mental retardation. Children with spastic diplegia type (6 subjects) showed borderline IQ (1) and mental retardation (5). Children with quadriplegia type ( 15 subjects) had superior IQ (1), borderline (7) and mental retardation (7). Out of 13 subjects with athetoid type 2, had borderline IQ (2), and mental retardation (11). The statistical analysis with chi-square test resulted in P = 0.114 (P < 0.05).Conclusion Our data showed that most patients with cerebral palsy had mental retardation of several cognitive level but there was no significant association between each type of cerebral palsy with cognitive levels.

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