Irradiance and Radiant Exposures Delivered by LED Light-Curing Units Used by a Left and Right-Handed Operator

Abstract The combination of the restoration location, the hand preference of the operator using the light-curing unit (LCU), and the design of the LCU all can have an impact on the amount of the light delivered to the restoration. To evaluate the effect of left-handed or right-handed users, the position of the operator (dentist or assistant), and the LCU design on the irradiance, radiant exposure and emission spectrum delivered to the same posterior tooth. Two light emitting diode (LED) LCUs were tested: an angulated monowave LCU Radii-Cal (SDI, Victoria, Australia) and a straight aligned multi-peak LCU Valo Cordless (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). The irradiance values (mW/cm2), radiant exposure (J/cm2) and emission spectrum were measured using a sensor in maxillary left second molar tooth. The irradiance and radiant exposure were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). The emission spectra (nm) were analyzed descriptively. The interaction between LCU design, operator position, and hand preference significantly influenced the irradiance and radiant exposure (P<0.001). In all cases, Valo delivered significantly higher irradiance than Radii-Cal. The handedness and the operator position affected the irradiance and radiant exposure delivered from Valo. Operator position and access affect the irradiance and radiant exposure delivered to the maxillary left second molar. The irradiance and radiant exposure can be greater when a right-hand operator is positioned on the right side of the chair and a left-hand operator is positioned on the left side of the chair. This may result in better resin composite polymerization.

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An Evaluation of the Light Output from 22 Contemporary Light Curing Units

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201601466 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 362-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carlos José Soares ◽

Monise de Paula Rodrigues ◽

Laís Rani Sales Oliveira ◽

Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga ◽

Luciana Mendes Barcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emission Spectrum ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Output ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Ocean Optics ◽

Patient Simulator ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Second Molar ◽

Light Curing ◽

Radiant Power

Abstract This study measured the radiant power (mW), irradiance (mW/cm2) and emission spectra (mW/cm2/nm) of 22 new, or almost new, light curing units (LCUs): - Alt Lux II, BioLux Standard, Bluephase G2, Curing Light XL 3000, Demetron LC, DX Turbo LED 1200, EC450, EC500, Emitter C, Emitter D, KON-LUX, LED 3M ESPE, Led Lux II, Optilight Color, Optilight Max, Optilux 501, Poly Wireless, Radii cal, Radii plus, TL-01, VALO Cordless. These LCUs were either monowave or multiple peak light emitting diode (LED) units or quartz-tungsten-halogen LCUs used in anterior and posterior teeth. The radiant power emitted by the LCUs was measured by a laboratory grade laser power meter. The tip area (cm²) of the LCUs was measured and used to calculate the irradiance from the measured radiant power source. The MARC-Patient Simulator (MARC-PS) with a laboratory grade spectrometer (USB4000, Ocean Optics) was used to measure the irradiance and emission spectrum from each LCU three times at the sensor located on the facial of the maxillary central incisors and then separately at the occlusal of a maxillary second molar. The minimum acceptable irradiance level was set as 500 mW/cm2. Irradiance data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and the radiant power data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). In general, the irradiance was reduced at the molar tooth for most LCUs. Only the Valo, Bluephase G2 and Radii Plus delivered an irradiance similar to the anterior and posterior sensors greater than 500 mW/cm2. KON-LUX, Altlux II, Biolux Standard, TL-01, Optilux 501, DX Turbo LED 1200 LCUs delivered lower irradiance values than the recommended one used in molar region, KON-LUX and Altlux II LCUs used at the maxillary incisors. Bluephase G2 and Optilight Max delivered the highest radiant power and KON-LUX, Altlux II and Biolux Standard delivered the lowest power. The emission spectrum from the various monowave LED LCUs varied greatly. The multi-peak LCUs delivered similar emission spectra to both sensors.

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Stability of the Light Output, Oral Cavity Tip Accessibility in Posterior Region and Emission Spectrum of Light-Curing Units

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-033-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 398-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

CB André ◽

G Nima ◽

M Sebold ◽

M Giannini ◽

RB Price

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Output ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Posterior Region ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Second Molar ◽

Radiant Exposure ◽

Light Curing ◽

Standard Output ◽

Lower Irradiance

SUMMARYObjectives: This study evaluated the light output from six light-emitting diode dental curing lights after 25 consecutive light exposures without recharging the battery, tip accessibility in the posterior region, and light beam spread from light-curing units.Methods: Irradiance, spectral peak, and radiant exposure were measured with the battery fully charged (Bluephase Style, ESPE Cordless, Elipar S10, Demi Ultra, Valo Cordless, and Radii-Cal) and monitored for 25 light exposures (each lasting 10 seconds). The tip diameter was measured to identify the beam size and the ability of the six light-curing units to irradiate all areas of the lower second molar in the standard output setting.Results: Four curing lights delivered a single peak wavelength from 454 to 462 nm, and two (Bluephase Style and Valo Cordless) delivered multiple emission peaks (at 410 and 458 nm and 400, 450, and 460 nm, respectively). The irradiance and radiant exposure always decreased after 25 exposures by 2% to 8%, depending on the light unit; however, only ESPE Cordless, Valo Cordless, and Radii-Cal presented a statistical difference between the first and the last exposure. The tip diameter ranged from 6.77 mm to 9.40 mm. The Radii-Cal delivered the lowest radiant exposure and irradiance. This light was also unable to access all the teeth with the tip parallel to the occlusal surface of the tooth.Conclusion: Not all of the blue-emitting lights deliver the same emission spectra, and some curing lights delivered a lower irradiance (as much as 8% lower) after the 25th exposure.

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Hand Preference and Performance in Basketball Tasks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽

Natascia Rinaldo ◽

Alba Pasini ◽

Luciana Zaccagni

Keyword(s):

Professional Training ◽

Factor Model ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Control Group ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Left Hand ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

And Performance ◽

The Right

The aims of this study were to develop and validate an instrument to quantitatively assess the handedness of basketballers in basketball tasks (Basketball Handedness Inventory, BaHI) and to compare it with their handedness in daily activities by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI). The participants were 111 basketballers and 40 controls. All subjects completed the EHI and only basketballers filled in the BaHI. To validate the BaHI, a voluntary subsample of basketballers repeated the BaHI. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor model. Our results show that: (i) Handedness score (R) in daily actions did not differ between basketball players (R by EHI = 69.3 ± 44.6) and the control group (R by EHI = 64.5 ± 58.6); (ii) basketballers more frequently favored performing certain sport tasks with the left hand or mixed hands (as highlighted by R by BaHI = 50.1 ± 47.1), although their choice was primarily the right hand in everyday gestures; and (iii) this preference was especially true for athletes at the highest levels of performance (R by BaHI of A1 league = 38.6 ± 58.3) and for those playing in selected roles (point guard’s R = 29.4 ± 67.4). Our findings suggest that professional training induces handedness changes in basketball tasks. The BaHI provides a valid and reliable measure of the skilled hand in basketball. This will allow coaches to assess mastery of the ball according to the hand used by the athlete in the different tasks and roles.

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Effects of radiant exposure values using second and third generation light curing units on the degree of conversion of a lucirin-based resin composite

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/1678-77572016-0388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 140-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kelly Antonieta Oliveira Rodrigues de Faria CARDOSO ◽

Driellen Christine ZARPELLON ◽

Camila Ferreira Leite MADRUGA ◽

José Augusto RODRIGUES ◽

Cesar Augusto Galvão ARRAIS

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Degree Of Conversion ◽

Third Generation ◽

Radiant Exposure ◽

Light Curing

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Hand Preference and Creativity of Papua University Student

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA ◽

10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.914 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Vionita Putri ◽

Elda Irma Jeanne Joice Kawulur ◽

Febriza Dwiranti ◽

Sabarita Sinuraya ◽

Sita Ratnawati

Keyword(s):

Hand Preference ◽

University Student ◽

Creative People ◽

Left Hand ◽

Adjective Check List ◽

Left Handed ◽

Males And Females ◽

Papua Barat ◽

The Right ◽

Descriptive Method

Human has a preference to use their hands for various manual activities. Left-handed preference is people who tend to use their left hand to perform various manual activities, while right-handed people tend to use right-handed. Any researches show that the left-handed preference for more creativity was influenced by the dominant use of the right brain and bigger corpus callosum. The research aims to determine the percentage of left-handed preference and their creativity in Universitas Papua, Manokwari Papua Barat. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. Data collection used a questionnaire to evaluate individual hand preference using Handedness Questionnaire and to determine individual creativity using Adjective Check List. The percentage of left-handed people in UNIPA were 9.3% or lower than right-handed and higher than ambidextrous. Our study supports the statement about selection in handedness in the traditional society which showed a higher percentage of left-hander as advantages related to using hand intensively. The percentage of left-handed males and females was almost equal and strongly left-handed was higher in females. The percentage of creative people was higher in left-handed, especially in males

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The Influence of Distance on Radiant Exposure and Degree of Conversion Using Different Light-Emitting-Diode Curing Units

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-004-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. E133-E144 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

AO Al-Zain ◽

GJ Eckert ◽

JA Platt

Keyword(s):

Strong Correlation ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Degree Of Conversion ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Radiant Exposure ◽

Light Curing ◽

Irradiance Data ◽

Resin Curing

SUMMARY Objectives: To investigate the influence of curing distance on the degree of conversion (DC) of a resin-based composite (RBC) when similar radiant exposure was achieved using six different light-curing units (LCUs) and to explore the correlation among irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC. Methods and Materials: A managing accurate resin curing-resin calibrator system was used to collect irradiance data for both top and bottom specimen surfaces with a curing distance of 2 mm and 8 mm while targeting a consistent top surface radiant exposure. Square nanohybrid-dual-photoinitiator RBC specimens (5 × 5 × 2 mm) were cured at each distance (n=6/LCU/distance). Irradiance and DC (micro-Raman spectroscopy) were determined for the top and bottom surfaces. The effect of distance and LCU on irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC as well as their linear associations were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively (α=0.05). Results: While maintaining a similar radiant exposure, each LCU exhibited distinctive patterns in decreased irradiance and increased curing time. No significant differences in DC values (63.21%-70.28%) were observed between the 2- and 8-mm distances, except for a multiple-emission peak LCU. Significant differences in DC were detected among the LCUs. As expected, irradiance and radiant exposure were significantly lower on the bottom surfaces. However, a strong correlation between irradiance and radiant exposure did not necessarily result in a strong correlation with DC. Conclusions: The RBC exhibited DC values >63% when the top surface radiant exposure was maintained, although the same values were not reached for all lights. A moderate-strong correlation existed among irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC.

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Foot Performance of Right- and Left-Handers: A Question of Environmental Influence

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.671 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 671-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Carl Gabbard ◽

Susan Hart

Keyword(s):

Environmental Influence ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Adequate Explanation ◽

Driving Experience ◽

Left Hand ◽

Left Handed ◽

Right Hand ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

Prior research has shown that right-handed adults perform better on a speed-tapping task with the right hand and right foot, while left-handers execute more rapidly with the left hand and right foot. Speculation is that environmental influence, most likely driving experience, may account for the right-foot bias. To examine this hypothesis further, 48 young right- and left-handed children were tested on a similar protocol. Analyses indicated no significant differences in foot performance within hand-preference groups. Since these findings do not complement reports for adults, factors such as experience or maturation might contribute to the difference. Were patterns similar, the effect of environmental influence would be assumed to be small. However, much more evidence is needed before an adequate explanation can be developed. The issue of possible environmental influence is discussed from various theoretical perspectives.

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Effect of Handedness and Footedness on Some Motoric Characteristics in Amateur Soccer Players

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i12.4461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Deniz Özge Yüceloğlu Keskin ◽

Osman İmamoğlu ◽

Menderes Kabadayı

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Time Asymmetry ◽

Left Hand ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Hands And Feet

The present study aims to compare the strength of right and left legs and reaction times of soccer players depending on their hand and foot preferences. The study included 92 volunteers chosen from amateur soccer players. The measurements conducted on the subjects were anthropometric characteristics, foot reaction times (sound, light) and right and left foot squat parameters. The t-test was used for statistical procedures. Among the amateur soccer players who participated in this study, it was found that 19.57% used left hand and 67.39% used right hand as preferred. Soccer players using both hands equally were found with a rate of 13.4%. In terms of foot preference, it was found that 22.83% of the participants used left foot and 43.48% of the participants used right foot as preferred. The soccer players using both feet equally was found as 33.70%. No significant difference was found between right handers and left handers in reaction time measurements when the soccer players were grouped by hand preference. When compared with left footed players (0.29 sec), only the right foot sound reaction time of right footed players was significantly shorter (0.21 sec) at p<. 05 level. Statistically significant correlation was found between soccer players’ hand and foot preference at a level of p< 0.01. Left footed players had significantly higher left leg mean squat (37.19 kg) when compared with right footed players (32.27 kg). No significant difference was found between right footed (35.36 kg) and left footed (33.98) subjects in terms of mean of right leg squat. Conclusion: According to the hand preference, the proportion of those who use equally two feet increased. Reaction times and force's squat of the dominant hands and feet were better. Training programs for soccer players planned according to individual characteristics including footedness may result in performance increase and decrease in injury as a result of reduced strength and reaction time asymmetry between legs and arms.

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The effect of halogen bulb and light-emitting diode light curing units on temperature increase and fibroblast viability

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.25456.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1369

Author(s):

Georgia Memari Trava ◽

Juliane Almeida Santos ◽

Lucas Paula Ramos ◽

Pamela Beatriz Rosário Estevam dos Santos ◽

Amjad Abu Hasna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Increase ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Control Group ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Parametric Data ◽

Light Curing ◽

Halogen Bulb ◽

Non Parametric

Background: This study aimed to compare the temperature increase produced by halogen bulb (HAL) and light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) by irradiating dentin discs (0.5 mm and 1 mm thickness), and to evaluate their cytotoxic effects on fibroblast culture in the presence of dentin discs due to the increasing demand on resin composite restorations and teeth bleaching for esthetic purposes. Methods: A total of 20 bovine incisors were used to obtain dentin discs and divided into four experimental groups (n=10): HAL0.5: irradiation with halogen-tungsten bulb Curing Light XL 3000 at an intensity of 470 mW/cm2 over a dentin disc of 0.5 mm; LED0.5: irradiation with LED Optilight Max (GNATUS- Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil) at an intensity of 1200 mW/cm2 over a dentin disc of 0.5 mm; HAL1: irradiation as in HAL0.5 but over a dentin disc of 1 mm; LED1: irradiation as in LED0.5 but over a dentin disc of 1 mm. The temperature increase was measured using a digital thermometer and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay with a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Parametric Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey and non-parametric data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis with Conover-Iman for non-parametric data (all with α=0.05). Results: A significant statistical difference was found between the groups HAL0.5 and HAL1 and both were different of LED0.5 and LED1 which presented higher temperature. All the experimental groups were different of the control group (without irradiation), and promoted reduction of cellular viability. Conclusions: HAL LCU promoted a lower temperature change in the dentin compared to LED, regardless of the dentin thickness (0.5-1 mm). Both HAL and LED LCUs decreased fibroblast viability; however, LED promoted more significant cytotoxic effects.

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Influence of composite restorative materials and light-curing units on diametrical tensile strength

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000200009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 123-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Cecília Caldas Giorgi Tolosa ◽

Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo ◽

Marcelo Giannini ◽

Alex José Souza dos Santos ◽

Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Dark Bottle ◽

Halogen Light ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Light Curing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diametrical tensile strength (DTS) of three light-curing photo-activated composites with two different light curing units (LCU). Three types of dental restorative composites were used in this study: micro filled A110 (3M Espe); P60 (3M Espe) for posterior restorations, and micro-hybrid Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer). The two LCUs were: halogen light (HAL) (Degulux, Degussa) and blue light emitting diode (LED) (Ultrablue, DMC). Resin composite specimens were inserted incrementally into a Teflon split mold meas-uring 3 mm in depth and 6 mm in internal diameter, and cured using either LCU (n = 10). Specimens were placed into a dark bottle containing distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. DTS tests were performed in a Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results were (MPa): A110/HAL: 276.50 ± 62.94ª; A110/LED: 306.01 ± 65.16ª; P60/HAL: 568.29 ± 60.77b and P60/LED: 543.01 ± 83.65b; Charisma/HAL: 430.94 ± 67.28c; Charisma/LED: 435.52 ± 105.12c. Results suggested that no significant difference in DTS was obtained with LCUs for the same composite. However, resin composite restorative materials presented different DTS.

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