Research on the Path of Agriculture-related Higher Vocational Colleges in Serving the "Belt and Road" Initiative

Under the background of vigorous promotion of "Building a community with a shared future for mankind" and the "Belt and Road" Initiative, the international exchanges and cooperation of higher vocational colleges in China are embracing new opportunities and challenges. By studying the policy basis of agriculture-related vocational colleges serving the "Belt and Road" Initiative, this paper analyzes the current situation of agriculture-related vocational colleges serving the "Belt and Road" Initiative. The aim is to make explorations on ways for agriculture-related higher vocational colleges to serve the Belt and Road Initiative from the aspects of connotation construction, cooperation platform innovation, international production capacity cooperation, overseas student training, standard output, overseas education, technical training, and characteristic building.

Estimating nearshore waves by assimilating buoy directional spectrum data in SWAN

This paper describes a variational data assimilation algorithm based on the SWAN near shore wave-spectrum model. The approach allows single-point wave spectrum observations to be used to estimate the wave field for a nearshore region under stationary conditions, assuming a spatially uniform incident wave spectrum at the offshore boundary. The assimilated data are in the form of Fourier directional coefficients, the standard output from operational wave buoys, and are used directly by incorporating the relationship between directional spectrum and the Fourier coefficients into the formulation. The algorithm was tested on data from nearshore buoys deployed off the coast of North Carolina in May 2012, and the estimated wave field is compared to both the input data and to independent observation data. The results compare favorably to the independent data with overall RMS errors of 10–20 percent for significant wave height, about half a second for mean wave period, and as much as 3–4 SWAN spectral grid cells for mean direction. Overall, the results show that the algorithm can be effectively used to estimate the offshore boundary spectrum and accurately reproduce wave conditions in the domain.

Temporary device malfunction of an MR conditional cardiac resynchronization defibrillator when undergoing MRI without appropriate re-programming: a case report

Background Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) for patients with implantable cardiac devices is becoming more routine, with the development of MR conditional devices allowing more patients access to the imaging they need. However, for this to be performed safely, strict protocols must be followed necessitating close collaboration between cardiology and radiology departments. We present a case where mandatory device re-programming of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator device into MRI mode was not performed pre-scan leading to temporary device dysfunction with no clinical consequences. Case summary A 72-year-old man presented to a device clinic for a routine device interrogation. An atrial tachycardia response episode was recorded at the same time as the patient reported having undergone an MRI scan at a local centre. The electrogram demonstrated temporary right ventricular loss of capture with standard output programming, and a short episode of oversensing on the atrial and ventricular channel which was not sustained for long enough to meet tachycardia detection. Discussion We demonstrate two potential electrophysiological effects of MRI on pacemakers, where the device had not been appropriately re-programmed pre-procedure. This illustrates that whilst MRI in patients with implantable cardiac devices is safe, strict protocols must be followed requiring robust multidisciplinary communication.

Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union

The article describes and sets the definition of different farm models under the categories of being family, small, and large-scale commercial farms. The distinction was based on the structure of the workforce and the relationship between agricultural income and the minimum wage. Family farms were dominated by the farming family providing the labour and their income per capita exceeded the net minimum wage in the country. The larger commercial farms feature a predominance of hired labour. Based on surveys, it was found that in 2016 in the EU-28 there were 10,467,000 farms (EU-13—57.3%, EU-15—42.7%). They carried out agricultural activities on an area of 173,338,000 ha (EU-13—28.5%, EU-15—71.5%). Countries of the EU-28 generated a standard output (SO) amounting to EUR 364,118,827,100 (EU-13—17.2% and EU-15—82.8%). After the delimitation, it was shown that small farming (70.8%) was the predominant form of management in the European Union (EU-13—88.2% and EU-15—79.8%) compared to family farming (18.4%) (EU-13—10.5% and EU-15—29%). In most EU countries the largest share of land resources pertains to small farms (35.6%) and family farms (38.6%) (UAA—utilised agricultural area of farms).

Design and description of the MUSICA IASI full retrieval product

IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) is the core instrument of the currently three Metop (Meteorological operational) satellites of EUMETSAT (European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites). The MUSICA IASI processing has been developed in the framework of the European Research Council project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water). The processor performs an optimal estimation of the vertical distributions of water vapour (H2O), the ratio between two water vapour isotopologues (the HDO / H2O ratio), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and nitric acid (HNO3), and works with IASI radiances measured under cloud-free conditions in the spectral window between 1190 and 1400 cm−1. The retrieval of the trace gas profiles is performed on a logarithmic scale, which allows the constraint and the analytic treatment of ln[HDO] – ln[H2O] as proxy for the HDO / H2O ratio. Currently, the MUSICA IASI processing has been applied to all IASI measurements available between October 2014 and April 2020, so more than 1.4 billion individual retrievals have been performed. Here we describe the MUSICA IASI full retrieval product data set. The data set is made available in form of netcdf data files that are compliant with version 1.7 of the CF (Climate and Forecast) metadata convention. For each orbit an individual standard output data file is provided. These files contain for each individual retrieval information on the a priori usage and constraint, the retrieved atmospheric trace gas and temperature profiles, profiles of the leading error components, information on vertical representativeness in form of the averaging kernels as well as averaging kernel metrics, which are more handy than the full kernels. We discuss data filtering options and give examples of the high horizontal and continuous temporal coverage of the MUSICA IASI data products. The standard output data files provide comprehensive information for each individual retrieval resulting in a rather large data volume (about 25 TB for the more than five years of data with global daily coverage). This at a first glance apparent drawback of large data files and data volume is counterbalanced by multiple possibilities of data reusability, which are briefly discussed. In an extended output data file the same variables as in the standard output data files are provided in addition to Jacobians for many different uncertainty sources and Gain matrices (due to this additional variables it is called the extended output). It is limited to 74 observations over a polar, mid-latitudinal and tropical site. We use this additional Jacobian and Gain data for assessing the typical impact of different uncertainty sources – like surface emissivity or spectroscopic parameters – and different cloud types on the retrieval results. We offer two data packages with DOI for free download via the repository RADAR4KIT. The first data package has a data volume of about 17.5 GB and is linked to https://doi.org/10.35097/408 (Schneider, et al., 2021b). It contains example standard output data files for all MUSICA IASI retrievals made for a single day (more than 0.6 million). Furthermore, it includes a ReadMe.pdf file with a description of how to access the total data set (the 25 TB) or parts of it. This data package is for users interested in the typical global daily data coverage and in information about how to download the large data volumes of global daily data for longer periods. The second data package is linked to https://doi.org/10.35097/412 (Schneider et al., 2021a) and contains the extended output data file. Because it provides data for only 74 example retrievals, its data volume is only 73 MB and it is thus recommended to users for having a quick look on the data.

Dampak E-Learning terhadap Anggaran Pelatihan Kementerian Keuangan

This study aimed to analyze the impact of e-learning on training budgets, compare the standard costs of traditional training and e-learning, and formulate standard output costs of e-learning. This study was conducted to provide recommendations for improving budget efficiency in government organizations. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by exploring phenomena in the government budget due to e-learning implementation. Data collection techniques were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that e-learning implementation significantly saves the training budget and increases the number of training participants. However, the cost standard is less optimal because they do not cover all the costs needed to deliver e-learning. The standard costs should be differentiated for each type of e-learning. Also, the current organizational structure needs to be changed to achieve maximum efficiency in e-learning implementation.Keywords: Budget, Efficiency, E-Learning, New Public Management AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak e-learning terhadap anggaran pelatihan, perbandingan standar biaya keluaran pelatihan klasikal dan e-learning, dan penyusunan standar biaya keluaran sesuai dengan komponen pembentuk biaya yang diperlukan untuk menyelenggarakan e-learning. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi dalam rangka meningkatkan efisiensi anggaran pada organisasi pemerintah penyelenggara pendidikan dan pelatihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan menggali fenomena yang terjadi pada anggaran suatu instansi pemerintah sebagai akibat dari penyelenggaraan e-learning. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pelatihan e-learning secara signifikan dapat menghemat anggaran pelatihan dan meningkatkan jumlah peserta yang dapat dilatih. Namun, standar biaya yang disusun saat ini belum optimal karena belum mencerminkan seluruh biaya yang diperlukan untuk menyelenggarakan e-learning. Standar biaya yang disusun sebaiknya dibedakan sesuai jenis pelatihan e-learning. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi anggaran atas pelaksanaan e-learning diperlukan penyesuaian kebutuhan kompetensi SDM dan struktur organisasi yang ada saat ini yang lebih sesuai dengan proses bisnis pelatihan e-learning.Kata Kunci: Anggaran, Standar Biaya, Efisiensi, E-Learning

DESAIN FASILITAS PENGADUK PAKAN TERNAK UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI SUSU

Efforts to improve the quality of the results of milking cow’s milk can not be separated from the quality of feed for cattle. Dairy farm in dire need of high-quality cattle feed. However, to support the fulfillment of a good cow feed mixer also needed a good feed anyway. On farms in the area Pujon, Batu Malang, there are activities that are less efficient, in terms of time and energy. One was in the process of mixing the feed are still using manual equipment, bending operator position in a long time, and the results are not in accordance with the composition of mortar required. This study focuses on the means for stirring fodder with application of ergonomics. The first stage is to calculate working time data feed stirring with manual tools for standard time and standard output, as well as calculate the anthropometric data. The position of the operator is established, then the anthropometric data are used for animal feed mixer include high elbow in a standing position, stretch the hand and arm’s reach to the side. The second stage is to make the design as per calculation anthropometry and technical considerations to then make animal feed mixing machine. The last stage is to calculate working time datafeed stirring with design tools to get the results of standard time and standard output. Automatic feed mixing machine that is the dimension 143 x 57 x 109 cm³. Driving force used is 1-phase electric motor with a power of 1 HP. The results showed that the Standard Time (Wb) decreased by 0:17 min / kg ie from the old tool (manual) 0:25 min / kg to 0:08 min / kg in tool design results, and increased output Standart (Os) of 8.5 kg / min with percentage of 212.5% from 4 kg / min to 12.5 kg / min. Upaya meningkatkan kualitas susu hasil perahan sapi tidak terlepas dari mutu pakan bagi sapi. Peternakan sapi perah sangat membutuhkan pakan sapi yang berkualitas tinggi. Akan tetapi untuk mendukung terpenuhinya pakan sapi yang baik juga dibutuhkan alat pencampur pakan yang baik pula. Pada peternakan di daerah Pujon, Batu Malang ini, masih terdapat aktifitas kerja yang kurang efisien, ditinjau dari waktu dan tenaga. Salah satunya pada proses pengadukan pakan yang masih menggunakan peralatan manual, posisi operator membungkuk dalam waktu yang cukup lama, dan hasil adukan tidak sesuai dengan komposisi yang dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada sarana untuk pengadukkan pakan ternak dengan penerapan ergonomi. Tahap pertama adalah menghitung data waktu kerja pengadukkan pakan dengan alat manual untuk mendapatkan waktu baku dan output standart, serta menghitung data antropometri .Posisi kerja operator adalah berdiri, maka data antropometri yang digunakan untuk pengaduk pakan ternak ini antara lain tinggi siku pada posisi berdiri, bentangan tangan dan jangkauan lengan ke samping. Tahap kedua adalah membuat desain sesuai perhitungan antropometri dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan teknis untuk kemudian membuat mesin pengaduk pakan ternak. Tahap terakhir adalah menghitung data waktu kerja pengadukkan pakan dengan alat hasil perancangan untuk mendapatkan waktu baku dan output standart. Mesin pengaduk pakan ternak otomatis yaitu berdimensi 143 x 57 x 109 cm³. Tenaga penggerak yang dipakai adalah motor listrik 1 phasa dengan daya sebesar 1 HP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Waktu Baku (Wb) mengalami penurunan sebesar 0.17 menit/kg yaitu dari alat lama (manual) 0.25 menit/kg menjadi 0.08 menit/kg pada alat hasil perancangan, dan peningkatan Output Standart (Os) sebesar 8.5 kg/menit dengan prosentase 212.5% yaitu dari 4 kg/menit menjadi 12.5 kg/menit.