scholarly journals Soil phosphorus availability and uptake by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants in an onion no-tillage system

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Santos Ventura ◽  
Edenilson Meyer ◽  
Monique Souza ◽  
André Steiner Vieira ◽  
Juliana do Amaral Scarsanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Onion is an important vegetable crop, predominantly grown under conventional tillage system management. Alternatively, the vegetable no-tillage system uses cover crops to form a residue layer, which improves soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes. Aiming to understand the interaction of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cover crops, phosphatase activity, and soil phosphorus availability and uptake by plants, a no-tillage vegetable production system experiment with onion was carried out in Ituporanga, Southern Brazil. The treatments were black oats (Avena strigosa); rye (Secale cereale); oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus); rye + oilseed radish; black oats + oilseed radish, and a control with spontaneous plants. Additionally, two plots, a conventional tillage system area and a forest, both adjacent to the experiment, were evaluated. We measured cover crop biomass, onion yield, acid phosphatase activity, and resin-extracted phosphorus in the soil, shoot and root phosphorus content, and root colonization in cover crops, spontaneous plants, and onions. The treatments with cover crops had the highest plant biomass in winter and onion yield. Available soil phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity were higher in no-tillage plots than in the conventional tillage system area. The presence of non-mycorrhizal oilseed radish was associated with decreased colonization of rye and onion roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. No-tillage areas with cover crops or spontaneous plants in winter accumulated more phosphorus than conventional tillage system areas. The conventional tillage system showed adverse effects on most soil attributes, as shown by a Principal Component Analysis.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djavan Pinheiro Santos ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽  
Juvenal Pereira da Silva Junior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sole Cropping

ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.

Changes in soil phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity immediately following forest fires

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saa ◽  
M.C. Trasar-Cepeda ◽  
F. Gil-Sotres ◽  
T. Carballas
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus

scholarly journals Soil Carbon, Glomalin, And Aggregation in Onion Crop Under No-Tillage with Cover Crops or Conventional Tillage Systems for Eight Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Juliana Gress Bortolini ◽  
Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽  
Matheus Junckes Muller ◽  
Guilherme Wilbert Ferreira ◽  
Edenilson Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Crop systems using cover crops affect soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes, including aggregate formation. This work aims to evaluate winter cover crop species' effect on soil total organic carbon, glomalin, and aggregation in areas with onion crops in a no-tillage vegetable production system (NTVS) and conventional tillage system (CTS) for eight years. The experiment treatments were: control, with natural vegetation(NV); black oats (Avena strigosa); rye(Secale cereale);oilseed radish(Raphanus sativus);intercropped black oats and oilseed radish; intercropped rye and oilseed radish; and a conventional tillage systems area. A 33-year old adjacent secondary forest was evaluated as a reference for undisturbed conditions. We assessed soil total organic carbon, total glomalin, and easily extractable glomalin in three soil layers (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depth). Undisturbed samples were used to quantify soil aggregate stability, aggregation indexes (weighted mean diameter; geometric mean diameter), aggregate mass distribution (macroaggregates, mesoaggregates), and macroaggregate carbon contents. The conventional tillage areas had the lowest weighted mean soil aggregate diameter, geometric mean diameter, and macroaggregate mass. Those areas also had the lowest bulk soil and aggregate organic carbon contents and the lowest total and easily extractable glomalin. Winter cover crops' use resulted in a 10% higher aggregate weighted mean diameter and geometric mean diameter. Areas with cover crops had 13% higher organic carbon contents in aggregates and 17% higher macroaggregate mass than conventional tillage areas. The highest values of total and easily extracted glomalin occurred in plots with black oats. Winter cover crops, single or intercropped, improved physical attributes of soils with onion crops under not-tillage compared to conventional tillage areas.

scholarly journals Cover crops and herbicide timing management on soybean yield under no-tillage system

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Herbicide Timing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and timing of pre-emergence herbicide applications on soybean yield under no-tillage system. The experiment consisted of four cover crops (Panicum maximum, Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet) and fallow, in addition to four herbicide timings (30, 20, 10, and 0 days before soybean sowing), under no-tillage system (NTS), and of two control treatments under conventional tillage system (CTS). The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Soybean under fallow, P. maximum, U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet in the NTS and soybean under U. brizantha in the CTS did not differ significantly regarding yield. Soybean under fallow in the CTS significantly reduced yield when compared to the other treatments. The amount of straw on soil surface did not significantly affect soybean yield. Chemical management of P. maximum and U. brizantha near the soybean sowing date causes significant damage in soybean yield. However, herbicide timing in fallow, U. ruziziensis, and pearl millet does not affect soybean yield.

scholarly journals Quality index of an Oxisol under different management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Marla O. Fagundes ◽  
Diony A. Reis ◽  
Roberto B. Portella ◽  
Fabiano J. Perina ◽  
Julio C. Bogiani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Assessing soil quality under different cover crops or different management systems is essential to its conservation. This study aimed to evaluate an Oxisol cultivated with corn and cotton, after different crop successions and under no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CT), through the soil quality index (SQI), using an area of native Cerrado as reference. The study was carried out in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Western Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples with the preserved and non-preserved structure were collected in the layers of 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m to determine the macroporosity, the soil bulk density, the available water, the levels of total organic carbon, the clay dispersed in water, and the degree of flocculation. The averages of the attributes measured in the treatments and the soil quality index, which was elaborated by the method of deviations of the values of the attributes measured in the treatments concerning the reference area, followed by normalization, were compared by the Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05). The soil under CT, in all treatments, had its quality reduced when compared to the NTS. Also, the SQI used was sensitive to detect the changes caused by the management systems and assign consistent scores to the evaluated soil quality.

scholarly journals Potential of Acid Phosphatase Activity and Mycorrhizal Colonization to Reduce Phosphorus Fertilization in Maize Cultivated in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Lopes e Silva ◽  
Joao Antonio da Costa Andrade ◽  
Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽  
Luciola S. Lannes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Low Phosphorus

Abstract Purpose: It is urgent to mitigate the environmental impacts resulting from agriculture, especially in highly biodiverse and threatened areas, as the Brazilian Cerrado. We aim to investigate whether phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal colonization are alternative plant strategies for nutrient acquisition in maize cultivated under fertilized and unfertilized conditions in Brazil, potentially contributing to reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers needed for production.Methods: Three experiments were performed: the first was conducted in a glasshouse, with 17 experimental pure maize lineages and two phosphorus treatments; the second in the field, with 3 pure maize lineages and two treatments, one without fertilization and another with NPK fertilization; and the third was also carried out in the field, with 13 simple commercial hybrids, grown either under NK or under NPK treatment. Soil and plant variables were measured and tested for the response to fertilization, differences amongst genotypes and response to phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal colonization.Results: We detected a positive effect of mycorrhizal colonization upon growth in pure maize lineages. The activity of acid phosphatase was modulated by the availability of phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil, and promoted grain filling of commercial hybrids in soils with low phosphorus availability. Conclusions: These results demonstrate, for the first time, that it is possible to select genotypes that are more adapted to low soil phosphorus availability aiming at organic production, or to use genotypes that have high phosphatase activity under phosphorus fertilization to reduce the amount of added phosphorus needed for maize production in Brazil.

scholarly journals Physical quality of an Oxisol cultivated with maize submited to cover crops in the pre-cropping period

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana de Souza Pereira ◽  
Itamar Andrioli ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Cinara Xavier de Almeida ◽  
Faber de Souza Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The intensive use of land alters the distribution of the pore size which imparts consequences on the soil physical quality. The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) allows for the visualization of the effects of management systems upon either the improvement or the degradation of the soil physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of a Red Latosol (Oxisol) submited to cover crops in the period prior to the maize crop in a no-tillage and conventional tillage system, using porosity, soil bulk density and the LLWR as attributes. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT) and a no-tillage system with the following cover crops: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) (NS), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) (NP) and lablab (Dolichos lablab L.) (NL). The experimental design was randomized blocks in subdivided plots with six replications, with the plots being constituted by the treatments and the subplots by the layers analyzed. The no-tillage systems showed higher total porosity and soil organic matter at the 0-0.5 m layer for the CT. The CT did not differ from the NL or NS in relation to macroporosity. The NP showed the greater porosity, while CT and NS presented lower soil bulk density. No < 10 % airing porosity was found for the treatments evaluated, and value for water content where soil aeration is critical (θPA) was found above estimated water content at field capacity (θFC) for all densities. Critical soil bulk density was of 1.36 and 1.43 Mg m-3 for NP and CT, respectively. The LLWR in the no-tillage systems was limited in the upper part by the θFC, and in the bottom part, by the water content from which soil resistance to penetration is limiting (θPR). By means of LLWR it was observed that the soil presented good physical quality.

scholarly journals Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Koefender ◽  
André Schoffel ◽  
Candida Elisa Manfio ◽  
Diego Pascoal Golle
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients

ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.

scholarly journals Upland rice yield as affected by previous summer crop rotation (soybean or upland rice) and glyphosate management on cover crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S Nascente ◽  
C.A.C Crusciol ◽  
L.F Stone ◽  
T Cobucci
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Summer Crop

The appropriate chemical management of cover crops in no-tillage aims to obtain greater benefits with its employment in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to assess upland rice yield as affected by the previous summer crop, species and desiccation timing of cover crops by glyphosate. Sown cover crops were sown (November 2007), followed by rice in half of the experimental area and soybean in the other half (November 2008). After the harvesting of these crops, the same cover crops were sown again (March 2009) and followed by upland rice in the total area (November 2009). The experiment consisted of the combination of five cover crops (fallow, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, B. brizantha and Pennisetum glaucum), four desiccation timings (30, 20, 10 and 0 days before rice sowing), and two antecedents of the summer crop (rice or soybean) under no-tillage system (NTS), plus two control treatments at conventional tillage system (CTS). Cover crops significantly affect rice grain yield and its components. There is a significant tendency to highest yield when cover crop desiccation is conducted farther from the rice sowing date (from 2,577.1 kg ha-1 - desiccation at rice sowing to 3,115.30 kg ha-1 - desiccation 30 days before rice sowing). Soybean as an antecedent of summer crop allows better upland rice yield (3,754 kg ha-1) than rice as an antecedent of summer crop (2,635 kg ha-1); fallow/soybean/fallow (4,507 kg ha-1) and millet/soybean/millet (4,765 kg ha-1) rotation at no-tillage system, and incorporated fallow /soybean/ incorporated fallow (4,427 kg ha-1) at conventional tillage system allow the highest rice yield; upland rice yield is similar at no-till (3,194 kg ha-1) and till system (2,878 kg ha-1).

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