Soil Carbon, Glomalin, And Aggregation in Onion Crop Under No-Tillage with Cover Crops or Conventional Tillage Systems for Eight Years

Crop systems using cover crops affect soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes, including aggregate formation. This work aims to evaluate winter cover crop species' effect on soil total organic carbon, glomalin, and aggregation in areas with onion crops in a no-tillage vegetable production system (NTVS) and conventional tillage system (CTS) for eight years. The experiment treatments were: control, with natural vegetation(NV); black oats (Avena strigosa); rye(Secale cereale);oilseed radish(Raphanus sativus);intercropped black oats and oilseed radish; intercropped rye and oilseed radish; and a conventional tillage systems area. A 33-year old adjacent secondary forest was evaluated as a reference for undisturbed conditions. We assessed soil total organic carbon, total glomalin, and easily extractable glomalin in three soil layers (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depth). Undisturbed samples were used to quantify soil aggregate stability, aggregation indexes (weighted mean diameter; geometric mean diameter), aggregate mass distribution (macroaggregates, mesoaggregates), and macroaggregate carbon contents. The conventional tillage areas had the lowest weighted mean soil aggregate diameter, geometric mean diameter, and macroaggregate mass. Those areas also had the lowest bulk soil and aggregate organic carbon contents and the lowest total and easily extractable glomalin. Winter cover crops' use resulted in a 10% higher aggregate weighted mean diameter and geometric mean diameter. Areas with cover crops had 13% higher organic carbon contents in aggregates and 17% higher macroaggregate mass than conventional tillage areas. The highest values of total and easily extracted glomalin occurred in plots with black oats. Winter cover crops, single or intercropped, improved physical attributes of soils with onion crops under not-tillage compared to conventional tillage areas.

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Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663060010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 816-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Koefender ◽

André Schoffel ◽

Candida Elisa Manfio ◽

Diego Pascoal Golle

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Matter ◽

No Tillage ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Matter Production ◽

Tillage System ◽

Subsequent Crop ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops ◽

Cycling Of Nutrients

ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.

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Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.476d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 476d-476

Author(s):

Gary R. Cline ◽

Anthony F. Silvernail

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Winter Rye ◽

No Tillage ◽

Corn Production ◽

Total N ◽

No Till ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

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Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽

10.1002/csc2.20651 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joanei Cechin ◽

Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽

Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽

Miria Rosa Durigon ◽

Dirceu Agostinetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Benefits of winter cover crops and no-tillage for microbial parameters in a Brazilian Oxisol: A long-term study

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2014.07.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Elcio L. Balota ◽

Ademir Calegari ◽

Andre S. Nakatani ◽

Mark S. Coyne

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Sources and rates of nitrogen in summer corn under no-tillage on winter cover crops

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2013.7293 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

pp. 1516-1521

Author(s):

Werncke Ivan ◽

Nelson Melegari de Souza Samuel ◽

Bassegio Doglas ◽

Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽

Pereira Dias Patricia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Changes in the Soil Microbial Hydrolytic Activity and the Content of Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen by Growing Spring Barley Undersown with Red Clover in Different Farming Systems

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture9070146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Jaan Kuht ◽

Viacheslav Eremeev ◽

Liina Talgre ◽

Maarika Alaru ◽

Evelin Loit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Red Clover ◽

Hydrolytic Activity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Organic Systems ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops ◽

Conventional Systems

The experiments were carried out during 2012–2017. There were 5 crops in rotation: Red clover, winter wheat, pea, potato and barley undersown (us) with red clover. There were 5 cropping systems in the experimental setup: 2 conventional systems with chemical plant protection and mineral fertilizers; 3 organic systems which included winter cover crops and farm manure. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of cultivating barley undersown with red clover and the preceding winter cover crop on the soil microbial hydrolytic activity, the change in the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (Ntot) compared to the same parameters from the field that was previously under potato cultivation (forecrop of barley in the rotation). The cultivation of barley with red clover (barley (us)) had a positive impact on the soil micro-organisms activity. In organic systems the soil microbial hydrolytic activity increased on average by 19.0%, compared to the conventional systems. By cultivating barley (us) the soil microbial hydrolytic activity had a significant effect on the SOC content only in organic systems where winter cover crops were used. Organic cultivation systems had positive impact on the soil nitrogen content; Ntot in samples taken before sowing the barley (us) was higher by 17.4% and after the cultivation of barley (us) by 14.4% compared to conventional systems, as an average of experimental years. After cultivation of barley (us) with red clover the soil microbial hydrolytic activity had no effect on the soil Ntot content in either cultivation systems.

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Winter cover crops effects on soil organic carbon and soil physical quality in a Typical Argiudoll under continuous soybean cropping

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.36783/18069657rbcs20200103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

María Paz Salazar ◽

Carlos Germán Soracco ◽

Rafael Villarreal ◽

Nicolás Guillermo Polich ◽

Guido Lautaro Bellora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Soil Physical Quality ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Winter cover crops in soybean monoculture: Effects on soil organic carbon and its fractions

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Matias E. Duval ◽

Juan A. Galantini ◽

Julia E. Capurro ◽

Juan M. Martinez

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Soil phosphorus availability and uptake by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants in an onion no-tillage system

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Bárbara Santos Ventura ◽

Edenilson Meyer ◽

Monique Souza ◽

André Steiner Vieira ◽

Juliana do Amaral Scarsanella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

No Tillage ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Onion is an important vegetable crop, predominantly grown under conventional tillage system management. Alternatively, the vegetable no-tillage system uses cover crops to form a residue layer, which improves soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes. Aiming to understand the interaction of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cover crops, phosphatase activity, and soil phosphorus availability and uptake by plants, a no-tillage vegetable production system experiment with onion was carried out in Ituporanga, Southern Brazil. The treatments were black oats (Avena strigosa); rye (Secale cereale); oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus); rye + oilseed radish; black oats + oilseed radish, and a control with spontaneous plants. Additionally, two plots, a conventional tillage system area and a forest, both adjacent to the experiment, were evaluated. We measured cover crop biomass, onion yield, acid phosphatase activity, and resin-extracted phosphorus in the soil, shoot and root phosphorus content, and root colonization in cover crops, spontaneous plants, and onions. The treatments with cover crops had the highest plant biomass in winter and onion yield. Available soil phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity were higher in no-tillage plots than in the conventional tillage system area. The presence of non-mycorrhizal oilseed radish was associated with decreased colonization of rye and onion roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. No-tillage areas with cover crops or spontaneous plants in winter accumulated more phosphorus than conventional tillage system areas. The conventional tillage system showed adverse effects on most soil attributes, as shown by a Principal Component Analysis.

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Soil carbon sequestration and stocks: short-term impact of maize succession to cover crops in Southern Brazil Inceptisol

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2020183-16255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. e0304

Author(s):

Jorge L. Locatelli ◽

Felipe Bratti ◽

Ricardo H. Ribeiro ◽

Marcos R. Besen ◽

Eduardo Brancaleoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Red Clover ◽

No Tillage ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Short Term ◽

C Stocks ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops ◽

Soc Stocks

Aim of study: To evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and stock over the succession of maize to winter cover crops under a short-term no-tillage system.Area of study: A subtropical area in Southern Brazil.Material and methods: The experiment was implemented in 2013. The treatments were: seven winter cover crops single cultivated (white-oats, black-oats, annual-ryegrass, canola, vetch, fodder-radish and red-clover); an intercropping (black-oats + vetch); and a fallow, with maize in succession. Soil samples were collected after four years of experimentation, up to 0.60 m depth, for SOC determination.Main results: SOC stocks at 0-0.6 m depth ranged from 96.2 to 107.8 t/ha. The SOC stocks (0-0.60 m depth) were higher under vetch and black-oats, with an expressive increase of 23 and 20% for C stocks in the 0.45-0.60 m layer, compared to fallow. Thus, SOC sequestration rates (0-0.60 m depth), with vetch and black oats, were 1.68 and 0.93 t/ha·yr, respectively.Research highlights: The establishment of a high-quality and high C input cover crops in the winter, as vetch or black-oats in succession to maize, are able to increase SOC stocks, even in the short term.

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