Distribution of non-structural carbohydrates in the vegetative organs of upland rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niedja Bezerra Costa ◽  
Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra ◽  
Geovanni de Oliveira Pinheiro Filho ◽  
Moemy Gomes de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

ABSTRACT Rice is one of the main foods consumed by half of the world’s population. The rice crop requires plenty of water, but upland rice is cultivated in a non-flooded environment, although its productivity is lower than that of lowland rice. Rice grains mostly consist of starch, which is synthesized from the non-structural carbohydrates imported from the vegetative organs. The long-term storage of carbohydrates plays a remarkable role in maintaining the supply of photoassimilates during grain filling if photosynthesis does not meet energy demand. Therefore, the dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates is central to the productivity of rice crops. The present study aimed to determine the non-structural carbohydrate content and soluble carbohydrate profiles in different vegetative organs of upland rice of the genotype BRS Esmeralda. The content was determined at the end of vegetative development. The identification and quantification of carbohydrates were performed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Fully expanded leaf blades, expanding leaf blades, and expanding stems exhibited the soluble carbohydrate content of 59.7, 53.3, and 52.3 mg g-1 DM, respectively. The stem was found to be the main organ for the long-term storage of non-structural carbohydrates, wherein the starch content was 36.1 mg g-1 DM. It also contained soluble carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The non-structural carbohydrates were found in low amounts in the roots, showing that this organ does not store long-term carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Тhe quality of potatoes affects consumer properties of processed foods

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
A. A. Molyavko ◽  
A. V. Marukhlenko ◽  
N. P. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Term Storage

Experimental studies have shown that with an increased level of mineral nutrition (N120P180K240) all varieties increased the yield (by 1.7–4.1 tons/ha, or by 10–25%), while the most productive varieties being Bryansky Nadezhny, Bryanskaya Novinka, Slava Bryanshchiny (21.9–22.9 tons/ha). In terms of dry substances content almost all varieties met the requirements of processing, which called for for a dry substance level in tubers of at least 20–24%. With an increase in the dose of fertilizers the amount of starch and dry matter in tubers decreased. On an average background, the starch content compared to the control decreased by 0.7–1.1%, dry substances — by 0.7– 1.2%, on an increased background respectively — by 1.2–1.7%, dry substances — by 1.4–2.7%. The taste of potatoes on an increased background of fertilizers worsened regardless of variety. In terms of darkening of the flesh, raw cleaned tubers of all varieties are not suitable for long-term storage (for example, for 24 hours), while boiled tubers of all varieties did not reduce the quality. Growing potatoes on an increased background of mineral nutrition increased the darkening of raw tubers of the studied varieties compared to control. In the studied varieties the content of reducing sugars in many cases exceeded the amount allowed for the manufacture of crispy potatoes, and therefore its quality was reduced, mainly due to the color of the slices. Almost all varieties gave puree of good quality. An increase in the background of fertilizers slightly worsened the consistency of puree, which reduced the overall estimate.

Nonstructural carbohydrate-balance response to long-term elevated CO2 exposure in European beech and Norway spruce mixed cultures: biochemical and ultrastructural responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Mašková ◽  
Barbora Radochová ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Jan Michálek ◽  
Helena Lipavská
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Two dominant central European tree species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst.), in a mixed culture in semi-open glass domes, were used to simulate the reaction of forests to long-term elevated CO2 (EC) in a mountainous area (Beskydy Mountains, the Czech Republic). We investigated the effects of EC on soluble carbohydrate levels and composition. Starch content was evaluated using two methods: biochemical (glucose content after enzymatic hydrolysis) and stereological (starch grain proportion, size, and number in chloroplasts). In beech and spruce foliage, no significant changes in total soluble carbohydrate levels were observed. In spruce, starch content determined biochemically increased under EC, whereas no changes were detected in beech. The starch content determined stereologically increased only in beech. In spruce, EC exposure caused comparable starch increases in current-year and previous-year needles, although the former had a higher starch content and numerous larger starch grains regardless of CO2 concentration. In both species, the biochemical determination of carbohydrates exhibited greater individual tree uniformity, in contrast to large intraspecies variability. No changes in leaf soluble carbohydrates under long-term elevated CO2 demonstrate the ability of the studied tree species to efficiently allocate the photosynthates among the sinks. Thus, no photosynthetic downregulation via carbohydrate-level signalling can be expected.

Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronas ◽  
F. Ivanauskas ◽  
I. Juodeikienė ◽  
A. Kajalavičius
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

Trehalose: a cryoprotectant that enhances recovery and preserves function of human pancreatic islets after long-term storage

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Beattie ◽  
J. H. Crowe ◽  
A. D. Lopez ◽  
V. Cirulli ◽  
C. Ricordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Human Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Humidity reliability of commercial flash memories for long-term storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (SL) ◽  
pp. SLLC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Murota ◽  
Toshiki Mimura ◽  
Ploybussara Gomasang ◽  
Shinji Yokogawa ◽  
Kazuyoshi Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memories ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

MODERN PROBLEMATICS AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DESTRUCTION OF INFORMATION ON MAGNETIC MEDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
O. Semenenko ◽  
O. Vodchyts ◽  
V. Koverga ◽  
R. Lukash ◽  
O. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The introduction and active use of information transmission and storage systems in the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of Ukraine form the need to develop ways of guaranteed removal of data from media after their use or long-term storage. Such a task is an essential component of the functioning of any information security system. The article analyzes the problems of guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media. An overview of approaches to the guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media of different types is presented, and partial estimates of the effectiveness of their application are given by some generally accepted indicators of performance evaluation. The article also describes the classification of methods of destruction of information depending on the influence on its medium. The results of the analysis revealed the main problems of application of software methods and methods of demagnetization of the information carrier. The issue of guaranteed destruction of information from modern SSD devices, which are actively used in the formation of new systems of information accumulation and processing, became particularly relevant in the article. In today's conditions of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, methods of mechanical and thermal destruction are more commonly used today. In the medium term, the vector of the use of information elimination methods will change towards the methods of physical impact by the pulsed magnetic field and the software methods that allow to store the information storage device, but this today requires specialists to develop new ways of protecting information in order to avoid its leakage.

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