scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk among children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezane Priscila Reuter ◽  
Leandro Tibirica Burgos ◽  
Marcelo Dias Camargo ◽  
Lia Goncalves Possuelo ◽  
Miriam Beatris Reckziegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Prevalence

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that metabolic complications from child obesity, although silent, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The present paper sought to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the possible relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a university. METHODS: The study included 564 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to evaluate obesity. Other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Descriptive analysis was used for sample characterization, the chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson's linear correlation for evaluating the relationship between obesity indicators and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: High prevalence of overweight/obesity was found among the schoolchildren (25.3% among the boys and 25.6% among the girls), along with abdominal obesity (19.0%). The overweight/obese schoolchildren presented higher percentages for the pressure and biochemical indicators, compared with underweight and normal-weight schoolchildren. Body mass index and waist circumference showed a weak correlation with the variables of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between these obesity indices and biochemical variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate that it is necessary to develop intervention and prevention strategies from childhood onwards, in order to avoid development of chronic-degenerative diseases in adulthood.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAILY STEPS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG TEACHERS IN CENTRAL REGION, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqah Mohd Radhi ◽  
Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat ◽  
Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi ◽  
Siti Aishah Hanawi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Steps Per Day

Physical activity is an important component of cardiovascular health. The fact that physical activity is also associated with a substantial number of cognitive and academic benefits, therefore schools teachers can be an important role model in promoting a physically-active lifestyle in school children. The aim of this study is to examine the levels of physical activity (PA) and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of school teachers. Forty-nine (n=49) teachers from primary and secondary schools around Klang Valley urban areas were recruited. The PA level was determined using pedometer, worn for three consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected to determine cardiovascular risk factors. Findings showed that the school teachers recorded an overall mean (± SEM) of 7707 ± 490 steps/day, which is below the recommended target of 10 000 steps per day. According to pedometer-determined physical activity indices proposed by Tudor-Locke and Bassett (2004), 20.83% of the sample were classified as ‘sedentary’ (<5000 steps/day), 35.40% were ‘low active’ (5000 – 7499 steps/day) and only 18.70% achieved more than 10 000 steps/day. According to Asian BMI cut-off points, 43% of the teachers were categorized as overweight and obese (>23 kg/m2). The mean values for waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 83.96 ± 1.90 cm, 5.41 ± 0.26 mmol/l, 4.64±0.26 mmol/l, 118.90 ± 1.72 mmHg and 72.40±1.58 mmHg respectively. Fisher Exact Test shown that there were significant association between daily step and age category. Daily steps weakly negative correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.024, p > 0.05) as well as blood sugar levels (r = -0.061, p> 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.079, p> 0.05), body mass index (r = -0.271, p> 0.05), waist circumference (r = -0.196, p> 0.05), as well as blood cholesterol levels (r = -0.037, p> 0.05). In conclusion, there were weak negative correlations between steps per day and cardiovascular risk factors. Generally, the level of physical activity in the sample of teachers needs to be improved. Interventions aimed at promoting PA among school teachers may be warranted in the future.

scholarly journals Independent cardiovascular risk factors: hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular stiffness in patients with hypertension

HYPERTENSION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
O.L. Rekovets ◽  
Yu.M. Sirenko ◽  
O.O. Torbas ◽  
S.M. Kushnir ◽  
H.F. Prymak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Filtration Rate

Background. Identification of risk factors and preliminary assessment of overall cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension is the most important task in clinical practice. Most patients, in addition to high blood pressure (BP), have other cardiovascular risk factors that aggravate each other, leading to an increase in overall cardiovascular risk. One of the cardiovascular risk factors is an increased arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV). The other independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is elevated level of total homocysteine in the blood. The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHc) and vascular stiffness in patients with hypertension. Materials and methods. Our research was carried out as a part of the ХІПСТЕР trial in Ukraine. The study included 40 patients with hypertension stage 1 and 2 (average office systolic (SBP)/diasto-lic blood pressure (DBP) was 155.88/92.60 ± 1.63/1.43 mmHg, heart rate — 71.40 ± 1.29 bpm). The average age of the patients was 55.85 ± 2.09 (26–74) years. Individuals with homocysteine levels ≥ 10 μmol/l were referred to as those with HHc (H-type hypertension). Arterial stiffness was determined by PWV. Results. We found that at the beginning of the study, 75 % of patients (30 individuals with mild and moderate hypertension) had H-type hypertension with an increased level of homocysteine. Patients with H-type hypertension (HHc) and hypertension without HHc did not differ in terms of age, duration of hypertension. At the same time, patients with H-type hypertension had higher body weight and body mass index. Office SBP in patients with H-type hypertension at baseline and after 6 months of treatment was higher compared to patients without HHc (156.45 ± 1.04 mmHg and 152.55 ±1.41 mmHg (p < 0.05) at baseline vs 130.65 ± 0.96 mmHg and 126.97 ± 1.08 mmHg (p < 0.05) in 6 months). At the beginning of the study, body mass index was 30.72 ± 0.39 kg/m2 in patients with H-type hypertension vs 28.34 ± 0.69 kg/m2 in those without HHc (p < 0.05). Patients with H-type hypertension less often achieved target blood pressure levels during treatment and initially had higher blood pressure values. Individuals with H-type hypertension compared to patients without HHc had a more severe insulin resistance (according to the homeostatic model assessment), lower glomerular filtration rate, both at baseline and by the end of treatment. According to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data, before the start of treatment, patients with H-type hypertension compared to those with hypertension without HHc had a significantly higher SBP level. After regression analysis, homocysteine level was associated with PWVel, regardless of the degree of BP reduction (PWVel (6 months), m/s, b = 0.307, P = 0.001). Conclusions. Male gender, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, blood glucose, office and central blood pressure were associated with elevated serum homocysteine levels.

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