scholarly journals Paecilomyces niveus Stolk & Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota: Thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. C. Zawadneak ◽  
I. C. Pimentel ◽  
D. Robl ◽  
P. Dalzoto ◽  
V. Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Nasonovia Ribisnigri ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Abstract Nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of Paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri in Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. The fungus P. niveus (PaePR) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. The species was confirmed by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA. We obtained a sequence of 528 bp (accession number HQ441751), which aligned with Byssochlamys nivea strains (100% identities). In a bioassay, 120 h after inoculation of N. ribisnigri with pathogenic P. niveus had an average mortality of 74%. The presence of P. niveus as a natural pathogen of N. ribisnigri in Brazil suggests that it may be possible to employ P. niveus to minimize the use of chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals A Review of Alternative Management Tactics Employed for the Control of Various Cockroach Species (Order: Blattodea) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Ameya D. Gondhalekar ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Gretchen M. Thomas ◽  
Alvaro Romero
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Effective control of domestic and peridomestic cockroaches requires integrated approaches that emphasize concurrent use of chemicals with alternative control tactics. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is particularly justified in environments where satisfactory cockroach control cannot be achieved due to multiple factors including development of insecticide aversion and resistance in some cockroach species, and poor sanitation or structural issues that foster infestations. While a flurry of research effort has been devoted to study alternative tactics for cockroach control, only a few of them have been evaluated in the context of IPM programs. This review focuses on examining studies on alternative tactics that are proven efficacious, economical, and logistically feasible for their inclusion in IPM programs for important domestic and peridomestic cockroaches in the USA. Management programs that educate the public on cockroach biology, behavior, and the importance of sanitation; use of traps to monitor infestation levels; apply targeted low impact insecticides such as baits, have demonstrated a greater success for effective and sustainable control of cockroaches when compared to an insecticide-only approach. Incorporation of other alternative control methods to IPM programs will require more applied research that validates their use in real-world scenarios and demonstrates their cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of oil-resin fractions from the Brazilian medicinal plant Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloísa Helena Garcia da Silva ◽  
Regina Geris ◽  
Edson Rodrigues Filho ◽  
Cleonice Rocha ◽  
Ionizete Garcia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Oil-resin fractions from Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) were evaluated for larvicidal activity on third larval instars of Aedes aegypti, in searching for alternative control methods for this mosquito. The bioactive fractions were chemically monitored by thin-layer chromatography, ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Bioassays were performed using five repetitions, at a temperature of 28 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 80 ± 5% and light and dark cycles of 12h. Mortality was indicated by darkening of the cephalic capsule after 24h of exposure of the larvae to the solutions. The most active fractions were CRM1-4 (sesquiterpenes) and CRM5-7 (labdane diterpenes), which showed LC50 values of 0.2 and 0.8ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals Evidence of possible evasion of protective immunity by NAD-independent isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum in poultry

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

An indication of the ability of NAD-independent variants of Haemophilus paragallinarum to evade the immune system has been obtained from data obtained from several experiments. Firstly, it was noted that there was a difference in the serovar distribution between the NAD-dependent isolates in the 1990s and the NAD-independent isolates, as there was a significant decrease in the incidence of serogroup A NAD-dependent isolates. This can possibly be attributed to the extensive use of vaccines. On the other hand, most of the earlier NAD-independent isolates were serovar A. This is a possible indication of evasion of the protective immunity by the NAD-independent isolates. Further evidence of possible evasion of the protective immunity was obtained from results obtained when different isolates, both NAD dependent and NAD independent, were tested with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). The V1 Mab reaction pattern was only seen in the reference strain 0083 among all of the NAD-dependent isolates tested in South Africa. This Mab was, however, found to react with some of the NAD-independent isolates. Furthermore, the isolation of NAD-dependent isolates in Australia which react with the V1 Mab also suggest possible evasion of the protective immunity by the NAD-independent isolates as no vaccines containing strain 0083 are used in Australia. In order to investigate the hypothesis of immune-evasion by NAD-independent H. paragallinarum, vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged with a NAD-independent serogroup C isolate. As a control, chickens were also challenged with NAD-dependent H. paragallinarum of the same serogroup. The results obtained indicate that there is no significant difference in the disease profiles obtained in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens challenged with the NAD-independent isolate, thus providing further evidence of evasion of the productivity immunity by the NAD-independent isolates. The ability of the NAD-independent isolates to evade the immune system suggests that a different vaccination strategy, or alternative control methods may be needed for the control of IC caused by these isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence, effects and alternative control methods of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
KUISEU Julienne ◽  
T. A. ZINSOU Fréjus ◽  
Abiodoun OLOUNLADE Pascal ◽  
G. ALOWANOU Géorcelin ◽  
D. ADENILE Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

scholarly journals Anoxic treatment of a moth-infested saddle

1970 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Bergh ◽  
Ann Hallström
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Pest insects pose a continuous and serious threat to museum objects that are organic in origin. Traditionally various chemical substances have been used for insect control, but in recent decades there has been increased concern about the disadvantages of this type of control strategy (Dawson 1988). Among the alternative control methods developed for museum use in recent decades, low oxygen treatment (Gilberg 1991) is of special interest. Using nitrogen or argon to replace oxygen, produces no residues and allows a conditioning of the gas regarding temperature and relative humidity. The first practical application of this method took place at Skokloster Castle in Central Sweden. 

scholarly journals S-Carvone Formulation Based on Granules of Organoclay to Modulate Its Losses and Phytotoxicity in Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gámiz ◽  
Rafael Celis
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Transport Losses ◽  
Batch Release ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Phytotoxicity Tests

Based on the effects that allelochemicals can exert over organisms, their use as alternatives to synthetic pesticides has been proposed. To this aim, it is important to understand their behavior in soils as allelochemicals can readily dissipate by different routes. In this work, novel granules based on the commercial organoclay Cloisite® 10A were prepared as a new strategy for the possible application of S-carvone as a bioherbicide, overcoming its rapid dissipation in the environment. Batch release, degradation, mobility, and phytotoxicity tests in soil were performed. Until now, the phytotoxicity of organoclay-based formulations of S-carvone in soil has not been studied. The release of S-carvone in water from the granules occurred slowly. There were no differences in the persistence of the allelochemical after its application to soil as a free compound (readily available form) or supported on granules. However, the granulated formulation reduced and delayed the leaching of S-carvone, thus controlling its downward movement in soil columns, as compared to the free S-carvone. Bioassays revealed that S-carvone supported on granules reduced the germination and aerial biomass of Lactuca sativa L. to a greater extent than the free compound. Our results demonstrated that the prepared formulation of S-carvone, based on granules of the commercial organoclay Cloisite® 10A, could be used to control transport losses, such as leaching or volatilization, increasing the bioefficacy of the allelochemical. These findings could inspire further investigations for the preparation of novel formulations of monoterpenes as potential bioherbicides.

scholarly journals Allelochemical Activity of Eugenol-Derived Coumarins on Lactuca sativa L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Pacheco Govêa ◽  
Rafaella Sueko Tomita Pereira ◽  
Mateus Donizetti Oliveira de Assis ◽  
Pâmela Ingrid Alves ◽  
Guilherme Andrade Brancaglion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Use

Coumarins are widely distributed substances in plant species that promote phytotoxic effects, allowing them to be exploited as herbicides less harmful to the environment, since many invasive species have demonstrated resistance to commercially available products. The derived coumarins used in this study had not been tested in plant models and their effect on plants was unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic action of these coumarins in bioassays with Lactuca sativa L., in order to select the most responsive substance whose toxicity was best elucidated by chromosomal complement and enzymatic antioxidant metabolism studies. From the phytotoxicity assays, coumarin 8-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (A1), reported here for the first time, was selected as the most responsive and caused a reduction in the following parameters: number of normal seedlings, fresh biomass, root length and shoot length. Subsequent studies demonstrated that this coumarin is cytogenotoxic due to damage caused to the cell cycle and the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities. However, it did not interfere with antioxidant enzyme activity and did not cause lipid peroxidation. The changes caused by coumarin A1 described herein can contribute to better understanding the allelochemical actions of coumarins and the potential use of these substances in the production of natural herbicides.

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