Evaluation of water quality at the source of streams of the Sinos River Basin, southern Brazil

<p>The Sinos River Basin (SRB) is located in the northeastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º20' to 30º10'S and 50º15' to 51º20'W), southern Brazil, and covers two geomorphologic provinces: the southern plateau and the central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin, has an area of approximately 800 km<sup>2</sup> and contains 32 counties. The basin provides drinking water for 1.6 million inhabitants in one of the most important industrial centres in Brazil. This study describes different water quality indices (WQI) used for the sub-basins of three important streams in the SRB: Pampa, Estância Velha/Portão and Schmidt streams. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters assessed bimonthly using samples collected at each stream source were used to calculate the Horton Index (HI), the Dinius Index (DI) and the water quality index adopted by the US National Sanitation Foundation (NSF WQI) in the additive and multiplicative forms. These indices describe mean water quality levels at the streams sources. The results obtained for these 3 indexes showed a worrying scenario in which water quality has already been negatively affected at the sites where three important sub-basins in the Sinos River Basin begin to form.</p>

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Freshwater parameters in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and their influence on fish distribution and aquaculture

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20150163 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carine de F. Souza ◽

Waterloo Pereira Junior ◽

Luciano de O. Garcia ◽

Felipe C. dos Santos ◽

Bernardo Baldisserotto

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

The State ◽

Fish Distribution ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Ph Variation ◽

Southwest Region

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the relationship between several water quality parameters (pH, hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, iron and manganese) levels measured over a 16 year period with fish distribution and aquaculture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The mean pH values were within a neutral range (6.5-7.5), but the maximum and minimum values reached inappropriate levels for fish farming in some cities. Alkalinity levels were very low (except in the southwest region of the state), which may have contributed to pH variation. Hardness, turbidity, iron (except the region near Caçapava do Sul City) and manganese were within safe ranges for fish farming; however, turbidity levels occasionally increased to levels outside the safe range. In conclusion, the water quality in the Rio Grande do Sul, in general, can be considered adequate for aquaculture, but the fish farmers must be aware of the methods to reduce turbidity, such as the use of calcium sulfate.

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Water quality of the Grijalva river in the Chiapas and Tabasco border

Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios ◽

10.19136/era.a5n13.1334 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karim Musalem-Castillejos ◽

Rafael Laino-Guanes ◽

Ricardo Bello-Mendoza ◽

Mario González-Espinoza ◽

Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Sources ◽

Dry Season ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Water Turbidity ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Classi Cation ◽

Microbiological Parameters

The objective was to characterize water quality for a section of the Grijalva River and its tributaries, for rainy and dry season in the border of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco. 23 physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters as well as contaminants were determined and compared with the Mexican norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994 which establishes water quality maximum permissible limits for use and human consumption and with the water quality classi cation scale proposed by the Comisión Nacional del Agua. Water quality of the Grijalva River in the studied section and tributaries, also locally named Almandros river, decreases as it descends to more populated areas of Tabasco. Water turbidity and high levels of coliforms and Escherichia are the main problems associated with the rivers of the studied area, even in water sources destined for human consumption. Other studied parameters have acceptable water quality mainly during the dry season, except for Mercury, which showed higher levels than the recommended by the norm in all sampling sites. The need to further study presence of Mercury in the Grijalva River basin is suggested.

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Contamination of Urban Watersheds: the Case of Arroio Moinho, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ ◽

10.11137/1982-3908_2021_44_36744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Bruna Bonfim Rodrigues ◽

Ana Maria Pimentel Mizusaki ◽

Rualdo Menegat ◽

Anderson Ribeiro De Figueiredo ◽

Teddi Ann Galligan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Bottom Sediment ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Restricted Use

This article aims to analyze the contamination of water and bottom sediment at Arroio Moinho (Mill Stream), in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). From two sample collections, a series of diagnostic measurements were carried out, such as: a) physical-chemical and biological analysis of the water; b) water quality index (WQI); c) metal contamination, granulometric and mineralogical analyses of the bottom sediment; d) total organic carbon (TOC); e) categorization into water quality classes; f) contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) geoindicators; g) analysis of per capita income and population density. The analytical results of the water at the two sample locations exceeded the limits established by Class 4 (restricted use). The WQI revealed the worst level (very bad in 2012 and bad in 2018) at all sampling points. The bottom sediment analysis showed that the spring has a low fine-grained fraction content (3%) and TOC levels between 8 and 17%. However, the sediments revealed high levels of metals such as Zn and Cu and low to moderate Pb levels. These results allowed the stream to be classified as Class 3 in terms of soil quality, requiring identification of the source of the pollution and ongoing inspection to monitor contamination.

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Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Indices and Their Relationship with Anthropogenic Activities. Case Study: Bogotá River

10.21203/rs.3.rs-471745/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wilfredo Marimon ◽

Nathalie Toussaint Jimenez ◽

Carlos Jiménez ◽

John Chavarro ◽

Efraín Domínguez

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Microbiological Parameters

Abstract The Water Quality Index is the numerical value that qualifies in categories, the water quality of a surface stream, based on the measurements obtained for a set of physicochemical and microbiological parameters registered in a water quality monitoring network. This indicator allows knowing the physical-chemical and microbiological quality conditions of a body of water and identifies contamination problems at a certain point. In the present study, the water quality was studied in 43 stations located in the Bogota river, considering different methodologies for calculating quality indices such as NSF, Oregon, IDEAM, Prati, and diffuse logic to establish the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. Similarly, a correlation analysis was carried out between the parameters, and the land uses in the basin. The results indicated that all the indices showed regular or poor water quality for more than 80% of the stations for the temporal window studied. However, the methodology used in Colombia (ICA water quality index, in Spanish) has eclipsing problems in most of the evaluation points since where the water quality qualifies as good, other indices such as the fuzzy logic show a degree of contamination by any of the parameters mainly manganese or total suspended solids.

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Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae, Austrolebias periodicus (Costa, 1999): Distribution extension in state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.2.234 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matheus Vieira Volcan ◽

Luis Esteban Krause Lanés ◽

Ândrio Cardozo Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Endangered Species ◽

River Basin ◽

Present Note ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Annual Killifish ◽

Pampas Region

The present note extends the distribution of annual killifish Austrolebias periodicus, a endangered species, endemic of the Pampas region, in Ibicuí River basin, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. This information is needed to develop conservation strategies for this species and its habitat, which are at high risk due to the expansion of rice production and exotic forests in southern Brazil.

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Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae, Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel, 1840): distribution extension and first record for Uruguay River basin, and state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.1.116 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Luis Esteban Krause Lanés ◽

Leonardo Maltchik ◽

Carlos Alberto S. de Lucena

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Rio Grande ◽

First Record ◽

River Basins ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Paraguay River ◽

First Time ◽

Uruguay River

The present study records for the first time the small cichlidae fish Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel, 1840) at Uruguay River basin and state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, previously known from Amazon, Paraná and Paraguay River basins. Although the ichthyofauna of Uruguay River basin is relatively well known, this record suggests that there are still unexplored environments, such as wetlands, where there may be species not yet reported, and found in other hydrographic systems.

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