Water quality of the Grijalva river in the Chiapas and Tabasco border

The objective was to characterize water quality for a section of the Grijalva River and its tributaries, for rainy and dry season in the border of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco. 23 physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters as well as contaminants were determined and compared with the Mexican norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994 which establishes water quality maximum permissible limits for use and human consumption and with the water quality classi cation scale proposed by the Comisión Nacional del Agua. Water quality of the Grijalva River in the studied section and tributaries, also locally named Almandros river, decreases as it descends to more populated areas of Tabasco. Water turbidity and high levels of coliforms and Escherichia are the main problems associated with the rivers of the studied area, even in water sources destined for human consumption. Other studied parameters have acceptable water quality mainly during the dry season, except for Mercury, which showed higher levels than the recommended by the norm in all sampling sites. The need to further study presence of Mercury in the Grijalva River basin is suggested.

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A STUDY ON WATER QUALITY OF RAW WATER SOURCES OF PDAM (MUNIPICAL WATER COMPANY) BANDARMASIH

TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL ◽

10.20527/twj.v1i1.16 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ulfa Fitriati ◽

Novitasari Novitasari ◽

Ellysa Eriyanie

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Salt Content ◽

Water Sources ◽

Dry Season ◽

Clean Water ◽

Test Results ◽

Raw Water ◽

Class B ◽

Comparison Of The Results

High demand for clean water in Banjarmasin requires PDAM Bandarmasih to do some developments, but its efforts are hindered by the water quality of raw water to be processed. It is therefore necessary to conduct a study on the water quality of raw water sources of PDAM Bandarmasih, especially during dry season. Water quality testing was carried out by performing direct experiments in the field and in the laboratory with 7 criteria including water temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, salinity and dissolved oxygen that were compared with the criteria of water class B (water that can be used as the raw water for drinking water), on the basis of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Indonesia Republic No. 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010. Based on the analyses of water quality in the field and in the laboratory from 4 intakes namely Sungai Tabuk, Pematang Panjang, Sungai Lulut and Sungai Bilu, and the comparison of the results with the test results of water quality of the samples from PDAM taken in dry season, indicated that the amount of salt content (salinity) in two intakes, Sungai Lulut and Sungai Bilu was so high that the production of clean water from both intakes was stopped temporarily during the dry season. The service for clean water was therefore provided only at the intakes of Sungai Tabuk and Pematang Panjang during dry season, resulting in some reduction in distribution to some areas in Banjarmasin.

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Evaluation of the drinking water treatment system (STAP) San Fernando –Los Patios urbanization, Colombia. Efficiency and quality

Revista UIS Ingenierías ◽

10.18273/revuin.v19n4-2020013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 149-156

Author(s):

Yusbely Cecilia Castrillón-Jaimes ◽

Carlos Humberto Acevedo-Peñaloza ◽

Jhan Piero Rojas-Suárez

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Social Protection ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

San Fernando

The quality of water for human consumption in the municipality of Los Patios in Colombia, depends 60% of the treatment systems for drinking water (STAP) independent, these are adapted according to the population that conforms in 2014 and own resources. Urbanization San Fernando carries out the treatment in an efficient way guaranteeing the quality of water for human consumption, therefore, the field study is based on a quantitative approach and a method that describes the results of the analysis of the samples taken at the entrance and exit of the STAP, to evaluate the efficiency and quality of the system the sample is characterized from the analysis of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters at the entrance and exit of the system in the Water Laboratory of the Universidad Francisco de Paula de Santander. The physical and microbiological results identify the efficiency of the system and the operator, indicating the quality of the water by the values in the parameters measured according to Decree 1575 of 2007 and 1525 of 2007 by the Ministry of Social Protection in Colombia. The chemical analyses detected a high percentage of calcium hardness in the sample at the system outlet, which is reportedto the directors of the urbanization. In accordance with this, the relevant controls and monitoring are carried out in the process for the purification and consumption of water, without neglecting the habits of water storage by the community in each home.

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QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM ÁREAS RURAIS: Análise bacteriológica e físico-química das águas dos tanques de pedra das comunidades KM 21 (Campina Grande) e Pedra Redonda (Pocinhos) (Water quality in rural areas: bacteriological and physical-chemical analysis...)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v9.6.p1737-1753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1737

Author(s):

Laíse Do Nascimento Cabral ◽

Sérgio Murilo Santos de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Water Quality ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Water Resources ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Microbiological Parameters

Nesse trabalho, foi analisada a qualidade da água em níveis bacteriológicos para consumo humano e demais usos em reservatórios denominados Tanques de Pedra nas comunidades rurais do Semiárido Paraibano: KM 21, Campina Grande (Agreste paraibano)-PB, e Pedra Redonda (Curimataú paraibano), Pocinhos-PB. Como critério de escolha das comunidades, considerou-se a importância dos reservatórios para a população, haja vista serem o principal reservatório para captação de água da chuva e armazenamento. A qualidade da água foi analisada a partir de sete coletas com a determinação dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos. A metodologia aplicada foi o método enzimático de substrato definido Colilert. Para as análises físico-químicas, utilizou-se 24 parâmetros identificados pelo Valor Máximo Permissível (VMP). Os resultados, para parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos, estão fundamentados na Portaria 2914/11 do Ministério da Saúde. Utilizou-se registro fotográfico para obtenção de imagens dos reservatórios. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade da água das comunidades encontrava-se comprometida, tendo em vista que se encontrava infectada nos níveis bacteriológicos (Escherichia coli e Coliformes totais) e físico-químicos para cor e turbidez, sendo estes parâmetros utilizados para consumo humano. Assim, concluiu-se que, nos casos da utilização do recurso hídrico para usos múltiplos da água, pode haver utilização, porém com algumas restrições. Por fim, é válido destacar que os tanques de pedra são o maior provedor de água para as famílias de ambas as comunidades, por este motivo a análise da qualidade da água deu-se para este tipo de reservatório dado a sua importância aquífera e social. A B S T R A C T In this study, the water quality was analyzed for bacteriological levels for human consumption and other uses in so-called reservoirs Stone Tanks in rural communities Paraibano Semi-Arid: KM 21, Campina Grande (Agreste Paraibano)-PB, and Pedra Redonda (Curimataú Paraibano), Pocinhos-PB. As a criterion of choice of the communities, it considered the importance of reservoirs for the population, given as the primary reservoir for capturing rainwater and storage. The water quality was analyzed from seven collections with the determination of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The methodology applied was the enzymatic method of substrate defined Colilert. For the physico-chemical analysis, we used 24 parameters identified by the Maximum Permissible Value (MPV). The results for microbiological and physico-chemical parameters are based on the Ministry of Health Ordinance 2914/11. We used photographic record to obtain images of the reservoirs. The results showed that the water quality of communities found compromised, considering that was infected in the bacteriological level (Escherichia coli and Coliforms totals) and physico-chemical for color and turbidity, these parameters being used for human consumption. Thus, it was concluded that in cases where the use of water resources for multiple uses water can be used, but with some restrictions. Finally, it is worth noting that the stone tanks are the largest water provider for the families of both communities, for this reason the analysis of water quality was given for this type of reservoir given its importance aquifer and social. Keywords: Water resources; Sustainability; water management; Agreste of Paraíba; Brazilian semiarid.

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Evaluation of water quality at the source of streams of the Sinos River Basin, southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.1513 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (2 suppl) ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T Benvenuti ◽

MA Kieling-Rubio ◽

CR Klauck ◽

MAS Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Quality Index ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

The Us ◽

Microbiological Parameters

The Sinos River Basin (SRB) is located in the northeastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º20' to 30º10'S and 50º15' to 51º20'W), southern Brazil, and covers two geomorphologic provinces: the southern plateau and the central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin, has an area of approximately 800 km2 and contains 32 counties. The basin provides drinking water for 1.6 million inhabitants in one of the most important industrial centres in Brazil. This study describes different water quality indices (WQI) used for the sub-basins of three important streams in the SRB: Pampa, Estância Velha/Portão and Schmidt streams. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters assessed bimonthly using samples collected at each stream source were used to calculate the Horton Index (HI), the Dinius Index (DI) and the water quality index adopted by the US National Sanitation Foundation (NSF WQI) in the additive and multiplicative forms. These indices describe mean water quality levels at the streams sources. The results obtained for these 3 indexes showed a worrying scenario in which water quality has already been negatively affected at the sites where three important sub-basins in the Sinos River Basin begin to form.

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Monitoring of urban and rural basins: water quality of Mourão basin

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.01213suppl ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (4 suppl 2) ◽

pp. 158-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. H. Passig ◽

S. B. Lima ◽

K. Q. Carvalho ◽

M. C. R. Halmeman ◽

P. C. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Dry Period ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Nitrite Nitrate

The Mourão River basin is located on the central western region of the Paraná State – Brazil, between coordinates 23º 44’ - 24º 25 South latitude and 52º 12’ - 52º 30’ West longitude, between 270 and 820 m above sea level, and 1,648.21 km2 drainage area. Water quality was evaluated by monitoring physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Monthly samplings were performed for a year at five sites in the basin for analysis of: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, turbidity, total solids, volatile solids and fecal coliforms. The results of the evaluated parameters showed higher values than the limits set by CONAMA Resolution 357 from 2005 for Class 2 in some samples. The Water Quality Index (WQI) indicated that 72% of samples had average quality and 28% had good quality for the Mourão River basin. Higher values of WQI were observed after rainfall period with median of 75 compared to the dry period with median of 62. The source of the Mourão River is contaminated with fecal coliforms, evidencing the real need to treat sewage in rural areas.

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Water Quality Assessment of Keenjhar Lake, Thatta

10.20944/preprints202007.0722.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mushtaq Ahmed Nizamani

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Pollutant Sources

Keenjhar Lake is the main source of drinking water for the metropolitan city of Karachi. The release of untreated wastewater from Kotri industrial area and other sources have made the lake water polluted. This study was subjected to determine the impacts of such pollutant sources on the water quality of Keenjhar Lake. The study involves the analysis of water quality parameters of Keenjhar Lake and its Feeding source (KB Feeder). The sampling sites were selected based on the sources of contamination. The water samples are tested for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The result of water analysis indicates the contamination level of the lake is quite alarming for the sites of Kotri effluent and WAPDA colony where Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chloride and other ionic metals were quite higher in concentration than other sites. These sites are also contaminated with Fluoride and Arsenic which are carcinogenic elements. The study reveals that the contamination level of feeding source is causing big non-reversible damage to the lake if continued to be uncontrolled. This contamination is mainly due to the release of toxic metals and ions in the KB feeder caused by human carelessness.

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QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA PARA O CONSUMO EM RESIDÊNCIAS DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO SERTÃO CENTRAL

Revista Expressão Católica Saúde ◽

10.25191/recs.v4i1.2540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Sandna Larissa Freitas Santos ◽

Leandro Lima de Vasconcelos ◽

Rogério Nunes dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Sample Selection ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Three Samples ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

The Town

Os intensos períodos de estiagem e pela concentração que a água adquire quando os níveis dos reservatórios estão baixos torna-se evidente a ausência da qualidade da água consumida pela população. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos da água para consumo no município de Itapiúna-CE. Estudo do tipo experimental, prospectivo, transversal e com abordagem do tipo qualitativo e quantitativo. Foram analisadas 4 amostras de 500 mL cada, uma do Açude Castro e de três locais escolhidos nas residências de pontos estratégicos de distribuição pela concepcionária, da água usada para consumo no município de Itapiúna-CE no mês de outubro de 2016. Para seleção das amostras foram adotados os critérios de inclusão: água do açude castro (Amostra A), e três amostras de residências, consideradas a água retirada diretamente do registro da Cagece, escolhidas aleatoriamente dos bairros do município. As amostras apresentaram cloretos alterados quando comparadas às quantidades estabelecidas pela Portaria 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde (MS). A respeito aos parâmetros como Sólidos Totais, Condutividade, Cloreto e Dureza, os valores também encontrou-se valores superiores. A amostra A (Açude Castro) obteve pH de 8.81 e apresentou alcalinidade devido a carbonatos (80 mgCO3/L) e a bicarbonatos (150mg CaCO3/L). Verificou-se que 50% das amostras apresentaram presença de coliformes totais e coliformes fecais, evidenciando contaminação da maioria das amostras analisadas. Contudo, de acordo com as análises realizadas, as amostras não obedecem ao padrão de potabilidade, tornando á água imprópria para o consumo humano. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF WATER FOR CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENCES OF A TOWN IN THE SERTÃO CENTRAL ABSTRACT Factors such as long periods of drought and the physical and chemical characteristics of water influence in the quality of water consumed by the population, leading to health problems. This study aimed at evaluating the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of water for consumption in the town of Itapiúna-CE. Four samples of 500 mL each were analyzed, one from Açude Castro and three from chosen places in the residences of strategic sites of distribution by the water company for consumption in the town of Itapiúna-CE in October 2016. For sample selection it was adopted the inclusion criteria: water from Açude Castro (sample A), and three samples of residences, considered the water withdrawn directly from Cagece register, randomly chosen from neighborhoods of the town. The samples present altered chlorides compared to the established quantities by the Consolidation Ordinance No. 5 of September 28, 2017 of the Ministry of Health (MS). Regarding the parameters such as total solids, conductivity, chloride and hardness, were also found higher values. Sample A (Açude Castro) obtained pH of 8.81 and presented alkalinity due to carbonates (80 mgCO3 / L) and bicarbonates (150 mg CaCO3 / L). It was verified that 50% of the samples presented total coliforms and fecal coliforms, evidencing contamination of most of the samples analyzed. So, according to the analysis carried out, the samples did not obey the standard of potable water, making the water unfit for human consumption.

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Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8159354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽

Deiviane Calegar ◽

Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽

Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽

Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Quality ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

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Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 191 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentine Mukanyandwi ◽

Alishir Kurban ◽

Egide Hakorimana ◽

Lamek Nahayo ◽

Gabriel Habiyaremye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Water Sources ◽

Dry Season ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

Contamination Degree ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Metal Index

Abstract The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .

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Monitoring of metals, organic compounds and coliforms in water catchment points from the Sinos River basin

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.1613 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (2 suppl) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

CA Nascimento ◽

R Staggemeier ◽

E Bianchi ◽

MT Rodrigues ◽

R Fabres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

River Basins ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Class 1 ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Water Catchment

Unplanned use and occupation of the land without respecting its capacity of assimilation and environmental purification leads to the degradation of the environment and of water used for human consumption. Agricultural areas, industrial plants and urban centres developed without planning and the control of effluent discharges are the main causes of water pollution in river basins that receive all the liquid effluents produced in those places. Over the last decades, environmental management has become part of governmental agendas in search of solutions for the preservation of water quality and the restoration of already degraded resources. This study evaluated the conditions of the main watercourse of the Sinos River basin by monitoring the main physical, chemical and microbiological parameters described in the CONAMA Resolution no. 357/2005.The set of parameters evaluated at five catchment points of water human consumption revealed a river that has different characteristics in each reach, as the upper reach was class 1, whereas the middle and lower reaches of the basin were class 4. Monitoring pointed to households as the main sources of pollutants in those reaches, although metals used in the industrial production of the region were found in the samples analyzed.

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