scholarly journals Molecular transduction in receptor-ligand systems by planar electromagnetic fields

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cortés ◽  
J. Coral ◽  
C. McLachlan ◽  
J. A. G. Corredor ◽  
R. Benítez
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Calcium Pump ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
Intracellular Domain ◽  
Receptor Molecule ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Internal Domain

Abstract The coupling of a ligand with a molecular receptor induces a signal that travels through the receptor, reaching the internal domain and triggering a response cascade. In previous work on T-cell receptors and their coupling with foreign antigens, we observed the presence of planar molecular patterns able to generate electromagnetic fields within the proteins. These planes showed a coherent (synchronized) behavior, replicating immediately in the intracellular domain that which occurred in the extracellular domain as the ligand was coupled. In the present study, we examined this molecular transduction - the capacity of the coupling signal to penetrate deep inside the receptor molecule and induce a response. We verified the presence of synchronized behavior in diverse receptor-ligand systems. To appreciate this diversity, we present four biochemically different systems - TCR-peptide, calcium pump-ADP, haemoglobin-oxygen, and gp120-CD4 viral coupling. The confirmation of synchronized molecular transduction in each of these systems suggests that the proposed mechanism would occur in all biochemical receptor-ligand systems.

How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

scholarly journals IMGT® Biocuration and Comparative Analysis of Bos taurus and Ovis aries TRA/TRD Loci

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Perrine Pégorier ◽  
Morgane Bertignac ◽  
Viviane Nguefack Ngoune ◽  
Géraldine Folch ◽  
Joumana Jabado-Michaloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens to generate immunity, and mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. T cell receptors are the antigen receptors of the adaptive immune response expressed by T cells, which specifically recognize processed antigens, presented as peptides by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MH) proteins. T cell receptors (TR) are divided into two groups, αβ and γδ, which express distinct TR containing either α and β, or γ and δ chains, respectively. The TRα locus (TRA) and TRδ locus (TRD) of bovine (Bos taurus) and the sheep (Ovis aries) have recently been described and annotated by IMGT® biocurators. The aim of the present study is to present the results of the biocuration and to compare the genes of the TRA/TRD loci among these ruminant species based on the Homo sapiens repertoire. The comparative analysis shows similarities but also differences, including the fact that these two species have a TRA/TRD locus about three times larger than that of humans and therefore have many more genes which may demonstrate duplications and/or deletions during evolution.

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