scholarly journals Does the lowering strategy before the stockpiling period modify the marandu palisade grass production and structure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1412
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Santos ◽  
G.O. Rocha ◽  
B.H.R. Carvalho ◽  
G.S. Borges ◽  
L.C. Adorno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
In The Beginning

ABSTRACT The objective was to identify lowering strategies for Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the beginning of the stockpiling period that increase forage production and improve the structure of stockpiled canopies. Three lowering strategies were evaluated: maintenance of marandu palisade grass with 15cm four months before the stockpiling period; maintenance of palisade grass with 30cm for four months, and lowering to 15cm before the stockpiling period; and maintaining of palisade grass at 45cm for four months, and lowering to 15cm before the stockpiling period. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. At the end of stockpiling, the number of reproductive tillers and forage mass were higher in the canopy under 15/15cm than in the others; the percentage of live leaf was higher in the canopy under 45/15cm than under 15/15cm. Forage production during the stockpiling period was higher in the canopy under 15/15cm and lower in the under 45/15cm. Maintaining 15cm marandu palisadegrass for four months before the stockpiling period increases forage production during this period. The lowering of the marandu palisadegrass from 45 to 15cm at the beginning of the stockpiling period improves the structure of the stockpiled canopy.

Productivity increase, reduction of nitrogen fertiliser use and drought-stress mitigation by inoculation of Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha) with Azospirillum brasilense

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubson da C. Leite ◽  
José G. D. dos Santos ◽  
Eduardo L. Silva ◽  
Cássio R. C. R. Alves ◽  
Mariangela Hungria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
South America ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Fertiliser Use

Among the forage species cultivated in South America, the genus Urochloa is the most used, and the cultivar Marandu of U. brizantha is the most widely planted in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage performance in association with Azospirillum brasilense, combined with nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The study was conducted under field conditions in Araguaína, Tocantins, in the central region of Brazil, between March 2016 and March 2017. Four N fertiliser rates (0, 12.5, 25 and 50kg/ha of N per cutting cycle) were combined with two inoculation treatments (inoculated and non-inoculated), with evaluations carried out in three periods of the year (transition, dry and wet seasons). Marandu grass plants inoculated with A. brasilense had greater plant height, number of tillers and forage production than non-inoculated plants, regardless of the N rate. Inoculation with A. brasilense allowed a 20% reduction in N fertilisation. Our results indicate that inoculation with A. brasilense in Marandu grass, as well as increasing forage production, can help to mitigate the stresses caused by the dry season.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation and canopy structure during stockpiling of Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Lucas Santos de Moraes ◽  
Flávio Henrique de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare herbage accumulation and canopy structural characteristics during the stockpiling period of the Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás cultivars of Urochloa brizantha. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates. The experiment was repeated for two years (2017 and 2018), under mechanical cutting conditions, and the canopies were stockpiled for 90 days, from March to June. In the first year, forage mass was higher for the Xaraés and Paiaguás cultivars; however, in the second year, Xaraés showed a forage mass higher than that of the other cultivars. The number of vegetative tillers at the end of the stockpiling period was higher for Paiaguás, contrary to what was observed for number of reproductive tillers. The herbage accumulation rate was higher for the Paiaguás and Xaraés cultivars. The Paiaguás grass stands out for its high herbage accumulation rate during the stockpiling period and for its higher number of vegetative tillers and lower number of reproductive tillers than that of the other cultivars.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
ALLAN HISASHI NAKAO ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO ◽  
ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO ◽  
DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sorghum Grain

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.

scholarly journals Forage Production and Bromatological Composition of Forage Species Intercropped With Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Oliveira de Andrade ◽  
Emerson Borghi ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Francelino Peteno de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Cattle Producer ◽  
Livestock System

Brazil is one the largest soybean and cattle producer worldwide and degrade pasture is one of the major problem in the Cerrado region. Integrated crop-livestock system is a key to increase grower income, to reduce crop yield loss by water deficit during growing season and to reclaim degraded pasture. However, forage production and its quality is important to evaluate under integrated crop-livestock system. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage production and the bromatological composition of different forage species in monoculture and in intercropping with soybean in an oversowing system. A completely randomized block design with four replications in a 5 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with five forage species (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; U. ruziziensis; P. maximus cv. Mombaça; P. infestans cv. Massai and P. americanum) and two cropping systems (monoculture and a consortium with soybeans) and a standard treatment (P. americanum in succession with soybeans). The forage productivity and the bromatological composition of the forages were evaluated. The species U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, M. maximum and P. infestans presented higher forage production capacity, when cultivated in consortium with soybeans and in monoculture, in relation to P. americanum. The cultivation of the forages U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, M. maximum and P. americanum in monoculture produced higher productivity than that in consortium with soybeans. The forages U. ruziziensis and U. brizantha intercropped with soybean presented a better nutritional value over the autumn-winter period.

Improved forage production following western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.) control with metsulfuron methyl

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
D. T. Spurr
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Better Than

Two 6-yr studies were conducted in southeastern Saskatchewan to evaluate 2,4-D, Metsulfuron methyl (Metsulfuron) and a mixture of 2,4-D + Metsulfuron for the long-term control of western snowberry. Western snowberry is a small shrub that grows in dense stands in rangelands and pastures and acts as a physical barrier to grazing. At the study site, the shrub was growing with native grasses and forbs. Metsulfuron applied at 15 g a.i. ha−1 effectively controlled western snowberry for 6 yr. Control with Metsulfuron was better than with 2,4-D because Metsulfuron killed the crown of the shrub. Control was not improved when 2,4-D was added to Metsulfuron, and at low levels of Metsulfuron the presence of 2,4-D in the mixture rendered Metsulfuron less effective, resulting in a higher canopy cover. Grass production averaged over years and experiments was 788 kg ha−1 for the check and increased to 1328 kg ha−1 after Metsulfuron was applied at 15 g ha−1. Forb production was not affected by the treatments. Key words: Western snowberry, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, metsulfuron methyl, 2,4-D

scholarly journals Death of pastures syndrome: tissue changes in Urochloa hybrida cv. Mulato II and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Ribeiro-Júnior ◽  
A. P. R. Ariano ◽  
I. V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The quality of forage production is a prerequisite to raising livestock. Therefore, income losses in this activity, primarily cattle raising, can result in the impossibility of economic activity. Through the qualitative and quantitative anatomical study of Urochloa hybrida cv. Mulato II and U. brizantha cv. Marandu, we searched for descriptions and compared changes in the individual vegetative body from populations with death syndrome pastures (DPS). Specimens were collected at different physiological stages from farms in northern Mato Grosso. After collection, the individuals were fixed in FAA50 and stored in 70% alcohol. Histological slides were prepared from the middle third of the sections of roots, rhizomes, and leaves, and the proportions and characteristics of tissues were evaluated in healthy, intermediate, and advanced stages of DPS. Changes were compared between cultivars. With the advancement of the syndrome, the following changes were observed: a more marked decrease in the length of roots in U. hybrida; disorganization of the cortical region of the roots and rhizome cultivars; fungal hyphae in roots and aerenchyma formation in U. hybrida; a decrease in sclerenchyma fiber proportions in roots and leaves; sclerification of the epidermis of U. brizantha rhizomes; and an increase in pericyclic fibers in U. hybrida. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the volume of epidermal cells of the abaxial face of the leaves of both cultivars, with a greater reduction in U. hybrida; a gradual decrease in thickness in the midrib of leaves similar to leaf mesophyll; conduction system obstructions; partial or total cell lysis in roots and rhizomes affected by the syndrome. Obstructions in sieve tube element and companion cells, and sometimes obstruction in xylem vessel elements. The evolution of DPS in cultivars was similar, but there were variations, arising probably from the physiological response to stress, such as aerenchyma formation in the root and increased pericycle in the rhizome of U. hybrida.

scholarly journals Apparent selectivity of sheep in deferred marandu palisadegrass pastures with variable initial heights

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1727-1734
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Santos ◽  
L.E.F. Afonso ◽  
B.H.R. Carvalho ◽  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
G.J.S. Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Selective Grazing ◽  
Morphological Component ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
In The Beginning

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the apparent selectivity of sheep in marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) pastures with four heights at the beginning of the deferment period (15, 25, 35 and 45cm). The deferment period was 92 days and started on 03/21/2014. Evaluations occurred in the beginning (first week), middle (45th day) and end (92nd day) of the grazing period, in winter (06/21/2014 to 09/21/2014). Deferred pastures with 15 and 25cm presented lower forage mass (FM), but higher live leaf (LL) percentage in FM than deferred pastures with 35 and 45cm. The live stem percentage in the FM and the apparent selectivity index (ASI) of the LL were superior in the deferred pasture with 45cm. The dead stem (DS) percentage in the grazing simulation (GS) and the ASI of this morphological component were lower in the pasture with 15cm, compared to the deferred pasture with 45cm. The FM and the LL percentages in FM and in the GS sample decreased, while the DS percentages in FM and in GS sample increased with the grazing period. Marandu palisadegrass with 15cm at beginning of the deferment period improves the morphology of the deferred pasture. Selective grazing is difficult during the grazing period.

scholarly journals Appropriate hydration period and chemical agent improve priming in brachiaria seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Barbosa Batista ◽  
Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽  
Eliana Duarte Cardoso ◽  
Edilson Costa ◽  
Daniele Maria do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Lower Period

ABSTRACT Priming is an alternative to improve the performance of seeds that have germination problems, such as Urochloa brizantha seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the appropriate hydration period and chemical agents used for priming, via direct immersion, in the physiological quality and carbohydrate content of U. brizantha seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four replicates of each treatment, consisting of lower, median and higher hydration periods, in the phase II of the absorption curve, and agents used for priming: water, gibberellin, sucrose and antioxidant (riboflavin). Germination and vigor tests were carried out, as well as carbohydrate contents determination, in the seeds. It was observed that seeds hydrated in the lower period show higher physiological potential. Priming with gibberellin provides a greater seedling emergence, and with sucrose higher carbohydrate contents.

scholarly journals USO DE CORRETIVOS E FERTILIZANTES EM PASTAGEM NO BIOMA AMAZÔNICO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Anderson Lange ◽  
Antonio Carlos Buchelt ◽  
Cleris Diana Borsa ◽  
Marcos Evaldo Capeletti ◽  
Evandro Luiz Schoninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de massa verde e seca da parte aérea e das raízes e o acúmulo de cálcio e magnésio na parte aérea de Urochloa brizantha, mediante a aplicação de doses de calcário, ou calcário e gesso agrícola acompanhados de adubação com nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K). O delineamento experimental consistiu em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos: T0 = 0; T1 = 0,40; T2 = 0,80; T3 = 1,60; T4 = 3,20 t ha-1 de calcário; T5 = 1,60 t ha-1 de calcário mais NPK (40 kg ha-1 de N - sulfato de amônio + 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5 - superfosfato simples e 20 kg ha-1 de K2O - cloreto de potássio) e T6 = 1,50 t ha-1 de gesso agrícola mais NPK similar ao tratamento anterior. No período de condução do experimento foram realizados oito cortes da parte aérea, duas avaliações dos teores de cálcio e bmagnésio nos tecidos e uma avaliação do sistema radicular. Houve efeito para o acúmulo de massa verde, massa seca e nos teores de cálcio e magnésio no tecido da parte aérea das plantas no primeiro corte, com destaque para o uso de calcário e gesso acompanhados de NPK. O acúmulo de raiz no perfil apresentou um efeito linear nas doses de calcário avaliadas.Palavras-chave: calcário, gesso, NPK, Urochloa brizantha. CORRECTIVES AND FERTILIZERS USE IN PASTURE IN AMAZON BIOME ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity of green and dry mass of shoots and roots and calcium and magnesium accumulation in Urochloa brizantha, by application of limestone, limestone and agricultural gypsum followed by fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates and seven treatments: T0 = 0; T1 = 0.40; T2 = 0.80; T3 = 1.60; T4 = 3.20 t ha-1 of limestone; T5 = 1.60 t ha-1 of limestone plus NPK (40 kg ha-1 of ammonium sulfate + 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5 - single superphosphate and 20 kg ha-1 of K2O - potassium chloride) and T6 = 1.50 t ha-1 of agricultural gypsum plus NPK similar to previous treatment. During the period of experiment conduction, eight aerial part samples were evaluated, two calcium and magnesium contents evaluations in tissues and one root system evaluation. There was an effect for accumulation of green mass, dry mass and calcium and magnesium contents in tissue of plants aerial part at first sample, with emphasis on use of limestone and gypsum accompanied by NPK. The root accumulation in profile showed a linear effect on limestone rates evaluated.Keywords: limestone, gypsum, NPK, Urochloa brizantha.

scholarly journals Yield of sorghum silage intercropped with pigeon pea and marandu grass in two spacings and chemical composition before and after ensiling

2019 ◽  
pp. 1416-1421
Author(s):  
Elcio Ricardo José de Sousa Vicente ◽  
Frank Akiyoshi Kuwahara ◽  
Luanda Torquato Feba ◽  
Paulo Claudeir Gomes da Silva ◽  
Edemar Moro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Final Composition

The aim of the present study was to evaluate yield of sorghum grown either solely (monoculture) or intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and pigeon pea cv. BRS Mandarin in two spacings. The experiment was carried out in field condition and the experimental design was in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments consisted of two sorghum spacings, combined with four forms of cultivation as follows: (T1) sorghum as a monoculture (SOR); (T2) sorghum intercropped with marandu grass (SMG); (T3) sorghum intercropped with pigeon pea (SPP); and (T4) sorghum intercropped with marandu grass and pigeon pea (SMP). The evaluated traits were: sorghum height, stem diameter of sorghum, number of sorghum leaves, and a ratio sorghum/pigeon pea /marandu grass. The data were submitted to the statistical program SISVAR, and averages compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The 0.45 m spacing between rows provided higher silage yield in relation to 0.90 m between sorghum rows. The highest silage yield was produced at 0.45 m spacing between rows for single sorghum and triple intercropped (T4). The triple intercropped (sorghum + pigeon + marandu grass brachiaria) did not affect silage yield with the advantage of 10% of a legume in the final composition.

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