scholarly journals Phosphorus fractions in soil with a long history of organic waste and mineral fertilizer addition

Bragantia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽  
Daniela Basso Facco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Growing Food with Garbage: Effects of Six Waste Amendments on Soil and Vegetable Crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Long ◽  
Rebecca N. Brown ◽  
José A. Amador
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Yard Waste

Using organic wastes as agricultural amendments is a productive alternative to disposal in landfills, providing nutrients for plant growth and carbon to build soil organic matter. Despite these benefits, a large fraction of organic waste is sent to landfills. Obstacles to the adoption of wastes as sources of plant nutrients include questions about harmful effects to crops or soils and the wastes’ ability to produce satisfactory yields. We compared six organic waste amendments with a mineral fertilizer control (CN) to determine effects on soil quality, soil fertility, crop quality, and crop yield in 2013 and 2014. Waste amendments were applied at a rate sufficient to supply 10,000 kg organic C/ha over two seasons, and mineral fertilizer was applied to control plots to provide 112 kg-N/ha/yr. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates and three crops: sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Applause, Brocade, and Montauk), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne cv. JWS 6823), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Eva). Amendment with biosolids/yard waste cocompost (BS), dehydrated restaurant food waste (FW), gelatin manufacturing waste (GW), multisource compost (MS), paper fiber/chicken manure blend (PF), and yard waste compost (YW) did not have a negative impact on soil moisture, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), or the concentration of heavy metals in soil or plant tissue. Our results indicate potential uses for waste amendments including significantly raising soil pH (MS) and increasing soil organic matter [OM (YW and BS)]. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) of waste amendments was not a reliable predictor of soil inorganic N levels, and only some wastes increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) levels relative to the control. Plots amended with BS, FW, and GW produced yields of sweet corn, butternut squash, and potatoes comparable with the control, whereas plots amended with YW, PF, and MS produced lower yields of sweet corn, squash, or both, although yields for potatoes were comparable with the control. In addition, the marketability of potatoes from PF plots was significantly better than that of the control in 2014. None of the wastes evaluated in this study had negative impacts on soil properties, some provided benefits to soil quality, and all produced comparable yields for at least one crop. Our results suggest that all six wastes have potential to be used as sources of plant nutrients.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Organic Residues to Beneficial Chemicals: A Review of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Panagiota Stamatopoulou ◽  
Juliet Malkowski ◽  
Leandro Conrado ◽  
Kennedy Brown ◽  
Matthew Scarborough
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Organic

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have a variety of uses in the production of industrial chemicals, food, and personal care products. These compounds are often produced through palm refining, but recent work has demonstrated that MCFAs can also be produced through the fermentation of complex organic substrates, including organic waste streams. While “chain elongation” offers a renewable platform for producing MCFAs, there are several limitations that need to be addressed before full-scale implementation becomes widespread. Here, we review the history of work on MCFA production by both pure and mixed cultures of fermenting organisms, and the unique metabolic features that lead to MCFA production. We also offer approaches to address the remaining challenges and increase MCFA production from renewable feedstocks.

The Black Soldier Fly

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Amy Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Waste Treatment ◽  
Entomological Research

This chapter follows Dr. Wu in his work to devise a solution for organic waste treatment using insects. By examining the tension between China's urban development and the sustainable treatment of organic waste, the chapter argues that China's project to institute a green modernity increasingly shows a preference for scientific solutions that address local conditions. This preference is in stark contrast to previous policies and approaches under which Chinese cities, for example, pushed for the adoption of imported waste management technologies and, in the case of organic waste, expelled the animals that served as a de facto waste management system. The chapter also highlights the longer historical traditions and practices that buttress the development of technology. China has a specific history of using insects as a tool and resource and has also focused on biological pest control in domestic entomological research. As a waste management technology, the Black Soldier Fly project creates a new use for insects while simultaneously generating increased interspecies dependencies between insects and humans.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Acidity Attributes in Areas of Municipal Organic Waste Composting, Santa Catarina, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 794-806
Author(s):  
Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari ◽  
Matheus Junckes Müller ◽  
Monique Souza ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Soil Changes

Composting is an alternative for treating and recycling municipal solid waste. Composting directly on the soil changes the attributes related to soil acidity. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of municipal solid waste composting in a small scale system on the attributes related to the acidity of soils used for making compost piles. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm in four areas under composting (1C, 2C, 3C and 4C) and four adjacent reference areas with no history of composting (1R, 2R, 3R and 4R). The soil was submitted to evaluation of pH in water, total organic carbon (TOC), potential acidity (H+Al), aluminum saturation and base saturation. We found the composting in a small scale system with piles directly on the soil promoted the increase of soil pH values, TOC contents and base saturation up to 40 cm, regardless of the time of use. This shows the potential of the leachate to reduce acidity and aluminum saturation in the subsoil.

scholarly journals Suitability of Black Soldier Fly Frass as Soil Amendment and Implication for Organic Waste Hygienization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Klammsteiner ◽  
Veysel Turan ◽  
Marina Fernández-Delgado Juárez ◽  
Simon Oberegger ◽  
Heribert Insam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Insect Biomass

Because of its nutritious properties, the black soldier fly has emerged as one of the most popular species in advancing circular economy through the re-valorization of anthropogenic organic wastes to insect biomass. Black soldier fly frass accumulates as a major by-product in artificial rearing set-ups and harbors great potential to complement or replace commercial fertilizers. We applied frass from larvae raised on different diets in nitrogen-equivalent amounts as soil amendment, comparing it to NH4NO3 fertilizer as a control. While the soil properties did not reveal any difference between mineral fertilizer and frass, principal component analysis showed significant differences that are mainly attributed to nitrate and dissolved nitrogen contents. We did not find significant differences in the growth of perennial ryegrass between the treatments, indicating that frass serves as a rapidly acting fertilizer comparable to NH4NO3. While the abundance of coliform bacteria increased during frass maturation, after application to the soil, they were outcompeted by gram-negatives. We thus conclude that frass may serve as a valuable fertilizer and does not impair the hygienic properties of soils.

scholarly journals Accessing Ancient Population Lifeways through the Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites: Paleoparasitology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4868
Author(s):  
Matthieu Le Bailly ◽  
Céline Maicher ◽  
Kévin Roche ◽  
Benjamin Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Ancient Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Waste Management ◽  
Human Animal

Paleoparasitology is a discipline of bioarchaeology that studies human and animal parasites and their evolution through time. It is at the frontier between biological sciences and the humanities, and aims to provide valuable clues about the lifestyles of former populations. Through examples chosen among recent case studies, we show in this review how paleoparasitology contributes to issues related to food, health, hygiene, organic waste management, and site occupation by ancient populations, but also, in the longer term, to questions of the evolution of the human/animal relationship and the history of diseases. This article provides an overview of this research field, its history, its concepts, and in particular, its applications in archaeology and the history of diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of swine residue rates on corn, common bean, soybean and wheat yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Alceu Luiz Assmann ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Egidio Bigolin ◽  
Mário Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Environmental Friendly

Swine residue (SR) applied as nutrient source of crops such as corn, bean, soybean and wheat, besides representing an environmental-friendly way of disposing of organic waste resulting from swine production, may significantly increase grain yields, replacing mineral fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate the effect of SR rates on corn, common bean, soybean and wheat yields from 2002 to 2007, in comparison with mineral fertilizer. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, Pato Branco, PR and consisted of increasing SR rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 m³ ha-1) and one treatment with mineral fertilizer (NPK 4-30-10), using 250 kg ha-1 for bean and 300 kg ha-1 for corn, soybean and wheat. Also, in the treatment with mineral fertilizer, 60, 120 and 90 kg ha-1 N was applied as topdressing to bean, corn and wheat, respectively. There were significant increases of grain yield in all evaluated years and crops with increasing SR rates, especially in the grass species under study. Also, with increasing SR rates applied every six months, K, P, Ca and Mg were accumulated in the soil and the pH increased. The application of 60 m³ ha-1 SR increased yields and exceeded the yield obtained with the recommended mineral fertilizer, indicating this amount as adequate for these crops.

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