scholarly journals Causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in two technified farms in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 758-775
Author(s):  
Manoela M. Piva ◽  
Claiton I. Schwertz ◽  
Ronaldo M. Bianchi ◽  
Regina T. Kemper ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bacterial Pericarditis ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the main causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in southern Brazil. During a one-year period (from 2018 to 2019), two industrial pig herds (18 and 20 thousand pigs each farm) in southern Brazil were monitored along the four seasons of the year (12 days per season on each farm), in order to perform necropsies of all pigs that died in that period. The two farms had an average monthly mortality rate ranging from 0.94 to 3.93% in the evaluated months. At necropsy, tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed routinely for histopathological examination. When necessary, samples were sent for bacterial culture and PCR to identify etiologic agents. A total of 601 necropsies were performed, with 94.9% of conclusive diagnoses. Infectious diseases corresponded to 64.4% of conclusive diagnosis and non-infectious diseases to 35.6%. The most prevalent causes of death were: pneumonia (33%), gastric ulcers (15.4%), circovirosis (9.9%), systemic bacterial embolism (5.4%), polyserositis (4.4%), dilated cardiomyopathy and torsion of abdominal organs (4.3% each), and bacterial pericarditis (3.4%). Regarding pneumonias (199/601), the main agents identified in these cases were Pasteurella multocida, Influenza A virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mainly in associations.

scholarly journals Agents of pneumonia in slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa R. De Conti ◽  
Karine L. Takeuti ◽  
Claiton I. Schwertz ◽  
Ronaldo M. Bianchi ◽  
David Driemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

ABSTRACT: A high prevalence of pneumonic lesions has been reported to affect slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil. In order to identify which microorganisms have been causing those lesions, 30 pig lungs presenting pneumonic gross lesions were collected from five different slaughterhouses, totaling 150 lungs. Samples for bacterial isolation, molecular, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were taken from each lung. The pneumonic lesion scoring ranged from 1.53 to 2.83. The most frequent histopathological lesions found was the concomitant Influenza A virus (IAV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, corresponding to 55.3% (83/150), and Pasteurella multocida type A was isolated in 54.2% (45/83) of these cases. In 102 samples (68%), there was histopathologic suggestion of involvement of more than one infectious agent. M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent agent associated with pneumonic lesions, being present in 92.1% (94/102) of the lungs with coinfections, followed by IAV in 89.2% (91/102). Besides the coinfections, IAV lesions were observed also in six samples without another pathogenic microorganism detected. A total of 46 samples with acute and subacute IAV suspected lesions in histopathological examination were assessed for IHC and real time RT-PCR for IAV. A total of 35% (16/46) of them were positive by IHC and 13% (6/46) by real time RT-PCR. Regarding M. hyopneumoniae, 79.3% (119/150) of samples were positive by qPCR and 84.9% (101/119) of them also presented M. hyopneumoniae suspected lesions in the histopathological examination. The results of this study suggest the importance of IAV in respiratory diseases in finishing pigs, even though this virus is more frequently reported in the nursery phase. In addition, our results emphasize the importance of lung coinfections in finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Anatomopathological pneumonic aspects associated with highly pathogenic Pasteurella multocida in finishing pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana S. Paladino ◽  
Michelle de P. Gabardo ◽  
Priscilla N. Lunardi ◽  
Nelson Morés ◽  
Roberto M.C. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Gross Lesions

ABSTRACT: The bacterium Pasteurella multocida is a frequent cause of porcine respiratory disease complex in finishing pigs. Historically, the bacterium is recognized as an opportunistic agent, causing secondary bacterial pneumonia in pigs. Several Brazilian reports have suggested the ability of P. multocida to cause primary pulmonary infection that leads to the death of finishing pigs prior to slaughter. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomopathological pulmonary findings associated with P. multocida infection that were obtained from animals with clinical respiratory disease and from animals at slaughter. Twenty-five lung samples from 14 herds of finishing pigs with acute clinical respiratory disease and 19 lungs collected at slaughter from a different set of 14 herds were studied. In all lung samples, bacterial isolation was performed, and only samples with pure P. multocida growth were included in the study. Gross and histopathological lesions were evaluated, as well as Influenza A, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae co-infections. Pleuritis and pericarditis were more often observed in clinical samples (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a numerical trend indicating that pericarditis, lymphadenomegaly and cavity exudates were more often present in clinical samples. Thirteen lung samples were negative to M. hyopneumoniae, Influenza A and PCV2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), with only P. multocida identified. In these cases, gross lesions such as pleuritis, pericarditis and lymphadenomegaly were always present, and no histologic lesions indicative of other agents such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis or Haemophilus parasuis were observed. These findings suggest the ability of some P. multocida isolates to cause primary respiratory and systemic infection. However, in this study, it was not possible to determine specific virulence markers to explain these findings.

scholarly journals Infectious diseases dynamics in growing/finishing pigs in Southern Brazil (2005-2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Konradt ◽  
Daniele M. Bassuino ◽  
Lucas C. Siqueira ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Luciana Sonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Respiratory Infectious Diseases

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of infectious diseases diagnosed through necropsy examination and histopathological analysis in growing/finishing pigs along 12 years (2005-2016) in Southern Brazil. We evaluated 1906 anatomopathological exams of pigs at growing/finishing phases, of which the infectious diseases corresponded to 75.6% of the cases (1,441/1,906). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections were the most frequent, accounting for 51.3% of the cases (739/1,441) with a higher frequency from 2005 to 2007, characterizing an epidemic distribution, with a gradual decline after 2008. Infectious diseases affecting the respiratory system were the second major cause with 30.1% of the cases. Among these, necrotizing bronchiolitis caused by swine Influenza (15.1%, 218/1,441) and bacterial pneumonia (15%, 216/1,441) were the main conditions. Influenza was mostly diagnosed from 2010 to 2013, accounting for 43.1% (167/387) of the cases. After this period, both respiratory infectious diseases were endemic. Digestive system infectious diseases accounted for 10.5% of the diagnoses (151/1,441), with the following main conditions: Salmonella spp. enterocolitis (43.7%, 66/151), Lawsonia spp. proliferative enteropathy (41.7%, 63/151), and Brachyspira spp. colitis (14.6%, 22/151). The latter had a higher incidence from 2012 to 2014 with all cases detected in this period. Polyserositis and bacterial meningitis represented, respectively, 5.8% (84/1,441) and 2.3% (33/1,441) of the cases diagnosed, with a constant endemic character.

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Venkatesh ◽  
Ravi Patel ◽  
Simran Goyal ◽  
Timothy Rajaratnam ◽  
Anant Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.

Serological surveillance and factors associated with influenza A virus in backyard pigs in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine K. Souza ◽  
Daiane P. Oldiges ◽  
Ana Paula S. Poeta ◽  
Itabajara da S. Vaz ◽  
Rejane Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Backyard Pigs

scholarly journals Aspectos patológicos e microbiológicos das doenças respiratórias em suínos de terminação no Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos A.Z. Morés ◽  
João X. Oliveira Filho ◽  
Raquel Rebelatto ◽  
Cátia S. Klein ◽  
David E.N. Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis

Resumo: Para avaliação dos aspectos patológicos e microbiológicos de casos clínicos de doenças respiratórias em suínos de terminação foram analisados 75 suínos doentes oriundos de 36 lotes. Suínos que apresentavam sinais clínicos respiratórios evidentes foram necropsiados para avaliação macroscópica e colheita de amostras para análise histopatológica e microbiológica. Foram realizados testes de isolamento bacteriano para as principais bactérias do sistema respiratório dos suínos, PCR para Mycoplasma hyorhinis, imuno-histoquímica para Influenza A, Circovirus suíno tipo 2 e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A sensibilidade antimicrobiana de 24 amostras de Pasteurella multocida tipo A foi avaliada por testes de concentração inibitória mínima para os principais antimicrobianos utilizados em suinocultura. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae e Pasteurella multocida tipo A foram os agentes infecciosos mais prevalentes. Broncopneumonia supurativa e pleurite foram as principais lesões respiratórias encontradas. Pasteurella multocida tipo A, quando presente, aumentou a extensão das lesões pulmonares. Todas as amostras de Pasteurella multocida testadas foram sensíveis aos antimicrobianos Doxiciclina, Enrofloxacina e Tilmicosina. Em 58% das amostras foi identificado mais de um agente infeccioso, evidenciando a alta prevalência da associação de agentes nas doenças respiratórias de suínos em terminação.

scholarly journals Some viral, rickettsial and leptospiral infections diagnosed in Serbia. A serological study

1954 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Terzin ◽  
M. N. BordjoŠki ◽  
M. V. Milovanović ◽  
Lj. V. Stojković ◽  
M. M. Dimić
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Cold Agglutinins ◽  
Type Antigen ◽  
Virus Pneumonia

An analysis is given of the serological tests performed over a period of 15 months with viral, rickettsial and leptospiral antigens. The analysed material is made up of about 9400 tests performed on 4036 samples of serum obtained from 2430 patients and 536 animals.The incidence of the various diseases, the distribution of the positive results according to diseases, and the height of the specific titres, as well as the height of the residual titres found in the material, are discussed and analysed in detail.The procedure for the preliminary screening of the material, as well as the methods used in performing the different serological tests, are described and discussed.A few examples of possible double infections are quoted, namely atypical virus pneumonia with influenza, and influenza A with B.An analysis of the results of 1723 tests performed with influenza antigens on 909 samples of sera is presented.The results obtained from testing about 1000 sera for cold agglutinins and 482 sera for MG agglutinins are discussed in detail.Some cases of liver affections showed a marked rise in titre both of cold agglutinins and of MG agglutinins.The serum samples, numbering about 1050, drawn from normal persons or patients suffering from infections other than Q-fever, all gave titres lower than 1/64 when tested with Q-fever antigen, except the sera of four persons who were probably cases of recent inapparent infection.The geometrical mean of the titres found in sera drawn from acute Q-fever patients between the 29th and 60th days of their illness was 1/355. Of the 500 sera from various animals, 100 from sheep and eight from cows had titres of 1/8 to 1/64 against the Q-fever antigen.Thirty-four sera have been positive when tested with the soluble antigen of both the epidemic and the murine types of typhus but no serum has given a higher titre with the murine type antigen than with the epidemic type antigen. Of the thirty-four sera tested with both antigens the titres obtained with the epidemic antigen were higher than with the murine antigen in 28.The results obtained with 417 sera tested with the mumps antigen, and with the 222 sera tested with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis antigen are reported and discussed in detail.Great individual variation has been observed in the time of appearance and rise and fall of the Paul-Bunell titres. Consequently, it is advised that early and frequent blood samples should be obtained from patients who are suspected to be suffering from infectious mononucleosis. On the basis of the results of 316 Paul-Bunnell tests it is suggested that a titre of 1/20, if preceded or followed by a negative serum sample, should be taken as conclusive evidence of infectious mononucleosis.3080 human and 164 animal sera have been investigated for the presence of antibodies to various types of leptospirae. In both human and animal sera antibodies have been found most frequently against L. sejroe and L. pomona.The results of a few tests performed with toxoplasma antigen are mentioned briefly.We wish to express our gratitude to all our colleagues in Belgrade and other parts of the country who have provided us with information and additional samples of blood when requested, in particular Prof. K. Todorowich of the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Belgrade, and Drs Lj. Vuksich, M. Morelj, B. Arsich, D. Mehl and R. Papo of the Army Medical School, Belgrade.We wish to thank Dr R. Djorich of the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Belgrade, for the supply of material for testing for atypical virus pneumonia and aseptic meningitis, and Dr Ž. Perishich for help with our cases of infectious mononucleosis. Mrs Martha Milivojevich gave valuable assistance with the complement-fixation tests and with the compilation of material for this report.

scholarly journals Structural basis of Blastomyces Endoglucanase-2 adjuvancy in anti-fungal and -viral immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1009324
Author(s):  
Lucas dos Santos Dias ◽  
Hannah E. Dobson ◽  
Brock Kingstad Bakke ◽  
Gregory C. Kujoth ◽  
Junfeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Anti Fungal

The development of safe subunit vaccines requires adjuvants that augment immunogenicity of non-replicating protein-based antigens. Current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce protective antibodies driven by adjuvants such as alum. However, the contribution of antibody to host defense is limited for certain classes of infectious diseases such as fungi, whereas animal studies and clinical observations implicate cellular immunity as an essential component of the resolution of fungal pathogens. Here, we decipher the structural bases of a newly identified glycoprotein ligand of Dectin-2 with potent adjuvancy, Blastomyces endoglucanase-2 (Bl-Eng2). We also pinpoint the developmental steps of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses augmented by Bl-Eng2 including expansion, differentiation and tissue residency. Dectin-2 ligation led to successful systemic and mucosal vaccination against invasive fungal infection and Influenza A infection, respectively. O-linked glycans on Bl-Eng2 applied at the skin and respiratory mucosa greatly augment vaccine subunit- induced protective immunity against lethal influenza and fungal pulmonary challenge.

scholarly journals Causes of death in goats in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil: analysis of 322 cases (2000-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2080-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele M. Bassuino ◽  
Guilherme Konradt ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Gustavo G.M. Snel ◽  
Luciana Sonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Pregnancy Toxemia ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

ABSTRACT: The diagnosis of the cause of death in goats submitted to necropsy from January 2000 to December 2016 by Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul was reviewed. Epidemiological features, such as the breed, sex and age, in addition to the clinical and pathological features were evaluated. During this period, 322 goats were necropsied, in which a conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 290 (90%) goats. Goats that were part of other experimental study were excluded from this study. From these 290 cases, 167 (57.6%) corresponded to diseases of infectious origin and toxinfectious diseases, while 123 (42.4%) were classified as non-infectious conditions. Infectious diseases included 55 cases of bacterial origin, 59 cases with parasitary involvement, 14 cases of viral origin, and 39 toxinfectious cases. Non-infectious conditions were grouped into metabolic diseases (44 cases), plants or chemical substances poisoning (36), mineral and nutritional deficiencies (20), and neoplasms and developmental disorders (5). In the remaining 18 cases, a conclusive diagnosis was obtained, however the conditions did not fit into those criteria and were classified as “others”. The age range of the goats in this study was from 1 day-old to 10 years-old. Most of the goats were females (201), while 121 were males. Affected breeds included Boer, Saanen, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg and mixed breeds. Parasitic, infectious and toxin-infectious diseases were the main cause of deaths, especially haemonchosis, pleuropneumonia, eimeriosis and enterotoxemia. Among the non-infectious conditions, metabolic disorders, especially rumen acidosis, pregnancy toxemia and urolithiasis, were directly related to the management employed in the property. Plant poisoning diagnosis was also highlighted with locally present plants, such as Sida carpinifolia, as the most important.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and HIV mortality in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
E. B. Tsybikovа ◽  
I. M. Son ◽  
A. V. Vlаdimirov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Mortality ◽  
Leading Position

The objective: to study changes in the structure of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia from 2000 to 2017.Subjects and methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the Russian population from tuberculosis and HIV infection (standardized ratio per 100,000 population) for 2000-2017 were studied. Data on the structure of patients with TB/HIV co-infection were obtained from Form no. 61 of the federal statistical monitoring for 2017.Results. In Russia, there has been a steady decrease in the mortality rate from tuberculosis, the value of which in 2017 reached 5.9 per 100,000 people. At the same time, the average values of the mortality rate from tuberculosis have shifted towards the older age groups reaching maximum values in the age group of 45 years and older. On the contrary, the analysis of mortality from HIV infection (2006-2017) detected its unprecedented increase from 1.6 to 12.6 per 100,000 population. The maximum concentration of mortality from HIV infection was observed in young age groups (35-44 years old). The increase in mortality from HIV infection was accompanied by a change in the structure of mortality from infectious diseases: the proportion of tuberculosis decreased from 79.1% (2000) to 27.4% (2017), and the proportion of HIV infection increased from 0.1% ( 2000) to 57.2% (2017). Currently, in Russia, mortality from HIV infection in young age groups has taken a leading position in the structure of causes of death from infectious diseases, displacing mortality from tuberculosis.

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