Toxemia da Prenhes em Ovinos

A toxemia da prenhes (TP) é caraterizada como uma enfermidade metabólica que tem como principal causa o manejo nutricional inadequado em ovelhas prenhe com um ou múltiplos fetos, principalmente no final da gestação que ocorre durante as últimas seis semanas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a etiopatogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnósticos e tratamentos da TP em ovinos. Foi escolhido a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, com utilização de livros e artigos científicos. Esta patologia deve haver interferência do medico veterinário, através da cesariana, devido a gestação gemelare por ser uma gestação de risco que se não for tratada pode ocasionar em óbito comumente relacionada a fatores nutricionais, a toxemia da penhes ocorre por haver uma necessidade do aumento da demanda de energia. O melhor método de prevenção é através do manejo nutricional adequado e redução dos fatores estressantes como alteração brusca do alimento, aumento da carga parasitaria e transporte. A utilização de ionoforos na ração pode ser uma opção para evitar a toxemia, já que podem melhorar a produção de ácido propiônico, melhorando o fornecimento de glicose e consequentemente diminuindo os corpos cetônicos. É possível concluir que por se tratar de uma enfermidade de alta letalidade, o diagnóstico precoce amortece os índices de mortalidade e a prevenção torna-se fator determinante, por isso a importância de realizar, de forma breve e prática, os exames complementares para conclusão e tratamento adequado da enfermidade. Palavras-chave: Doença Metabólica. Exames Laboratoriais. Cesariana. Abstract Pregnant Toxemia (TP) is characterized as a metabolic disease that has the main cause of inadequate nutritional management in ewes with one or multiple fetuses, especially at the end of pregnancy that occurs during the last six weeks. This work aims to understand the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnoses and treatments. The methodology of bibliographic review was chosen, using books and scientific articles. This pathology should have interference from the veterinary physician, through caesarean section, due to gemelare gestation because it is a risk pregnancy that if not treated can cause in death commonly related to nutritional factors, the pregnancy toxemia occurs by need to increase energy demand. The best method of prevention is through adequate nutritional management and reduction of stressful factors such as sudden alteration of food, increased parasite load and transportation. The use of ionoforos in the ration may be an option to avoid toxemia, since they can improve the production of propionic acid, improving the supply of glucose and consequently decreasing the ketone bodies. It is possible to conclude that because it is a disease of high lethality, early diagnosis dampments the mortality rates and prevention becomes a determinant factor, therefore the importance of performing, in a brief and practical way, the complementary exams for the proper completion and treatment of the disease. Keywords: Metabolic Disease. Laboratory Tests. Caesarean.

Specialties of course of early and late preeclampsia in women in Vinnitsya region

Annotation. Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal death, and it complicates from 5 to 8% of all pregnancies. The aim of the research was to show the differences in anamnesis, diagnostics and prognosis, in groups of pregnant with hypertensive disorders. Retrospective investigation included 138 delivery histories and perinatal record cards from Vinnitsya Municipal Clinical Maternity hospital №1, in a period from 2016 till 2018. Women were divided into two investigated groups: I – 36 women with early preeclampsia, and II group – 52 women with late preeclampsia, and a control group of 50 women. The structure of somatic and gynecological diseases of pregnant women was studied, the severity of preeclampsia and the condition of the newborn were assessed according to the Apgar scale. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed by odds ratio, its standard error and 95% confidence interval were calculated according to D. G. Altman (1991). It is established that in women with obesity or excessive body weight (every second women in groups), and those who had cardiovascular disorders (twice more often with late preeclampsia) developed preeclampsia more often, comparing to control group. All cases of antenatal and early neonatal death of newborn were registered in a group with early preeclampsia, which points out on heavier flow of the disease and different pathogenesis. Cases of early pregnancy toxemia and edema of pregnant occurred twice more often, in group with early preeclampsia, and ran more heavy (up to the development of ascites), comparing to the second group. Debut of symptoms was earlier, that requires earlier prophylaxis (since week 12). Fetal intrauterine growth retardation, reversible and high resistant blood stream during ultrasound were marked only in group with EP. In future, this research together with pathohistological investigation of placentas and immunohistochemical research of those tissues, can underlie predictive and preventive personalized system for early and late preeclampsia.

Improved Folch Method for Liver-Fat Quantification

Fatty liver represents a significant metabolic pathology of excess intrahepatic fat in domestic animals and humans. Quantification of hepatic-fat content is therefore essential for diagnosis and investigation of liver and metabolic disease. However, the reproducibility of hepatic steatosis analysis is often low due to subjective and technical factors. We hypothesized that improvement in tissue-lipids extraction efficiency would contribute to the accuracy and precision of liver-fat determination. To test it, we investigated the effect of standardized tissue sonication on liver-fat quantification by the Folch method in sheep. Liver samples from grownup lambs of lean (n = 16) and fatty (n = 15) livers, and from pregnant ewes (n = 6) who died from pregnancy toxemia (PT), were used for hepatic-fat content determination with or without tissue sonication. In the grown lambs, an average hepatic-fat content of 6.6% was determined in sonicated compared to 5.1% in non-sonicated specimens (P = 0.0002). Similarly, in ewes with PT, an average of 12.5% was determined with sonication compared to 10.8% without it (P = 0.0006), and the reproducibility was higher with sonication (CV of 3.1 vs. 6.1%, respectively). Thus, tissue sonication improved the efficiency of liver-lipids extraction and was significant to the accuracy and precision of hepatic-fat determination. Enzymatic quantification of triglycerides was moderately correlated with the results obtained gravimetrically (r = 0.632, P < 0.005). The reported data provide reliable reference values for pregnancy toxemic sheep. The significant improvement in liver-fat quantification observed with the reported revised protocol is likely applicable to most mammals and humans.

A CASE STUDY ON POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME WITH ECLAMPSIA

Posterior reversible neurological disorder syndrome may be a clinical syndrome characterized by varied conditions conferred by the patient need medicine, tomography diagnosing to advocate the treatment. Gestational toxemia of pregnancy toxemia begins throughout the pregnancy because the underlying medical condition of the mother later causes toxemia. These two clinical situations were approached by observatory medical aid depending on the mother’s health and nutrition. Here, this case study is of a 37-year-old who conferred in post-pregnancy cesarean with seizures, high pressure, disturbed mental state, and high blood glucose levels. Pregnancy-related clinical syndromes are hugely dependent on the mother’s well-being. Syndromes during pregnancy not solely influence the mother’s health additionally cause severe hurt to the fetus because leading to rise in premature births, fetal death rate, and inflicting psychological distress to the mother’s mental health.

Integrated EC-SERS Chip with Uniform Nanostructured EC-SERS Active Working Electrode for Rapid Detection of Uric Acid

Toxemia of pregnancy is a very dangerous disease for pregnant women. The mortality rate of toxemia of pregnancy is close to 10% to 15%. Early detection of pregnancy toxemia is to monitoring uric acid concentration in urine. The current mainstream method for detecting uric acid requires an enzyme (urate oxidase), which needs to be stored in a low-temperature environment, and the method requires complex chemical steps, which takes a longer time and more samples. In this study, we propose an integrated miniature three-electrode electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy chip (EC-SERS chip) suitable for rapid EC-SERS detection applications. The integrated microfluidic reservoir on the chip makes it easy to use, which is very suitable for rapid detection applications. The SERS active working electrode for the proposed integrated EC-SERS chip is a nanocone array polycarbonate (PC) substrate decorated with an evenly distributed and tightly packed array of gold nanospheres. It showed good uniformity and can be easily reproduced. The integrated EC-SERS chip is very small compared to the traditional electrochemical cell, which reduces the sample volume required for the testing. In addition, the chip is for one-time use only. It eliminates the need to clean electrochemical cells for reuse, thereby reducing the possibility of contamination and inaccurate detection. Various low-concentration Rhodamine 6G (R6G) solutions were tested to verify the performance of the developed EC-SERS chip. Experimental results showed that the proposed EC-SERS chip has a strong enhancement factor of up to 8.5 × 106 and a very good EC-SERS uniformity (the relative standard deviation of EC-SERS intensity is as low as 1.41%). The EC-SERS chip developed has been further tested for the detection of uric acid in synthetic urine. The results showed that the EC-SERS signal intensity has a highly linear relationship with the logarithm of the uric acid concentration in synthetic urine, which indicates that the developed EC-SERS chip is suitable for the quantitative detection of uric acid in synthetic urine. Therefore, the developed EC-SERS chip is very promising to be used in routine and early diagnosis of pregnancy toxemia and may be used in many other medical tests, food safety, and biotechnology applications.

Evaluation of metabolic profiles of Saanen goats in the transition period

Healthy Saanen goats (n=30) in periparturient period were used in the present study. Blood samples were collected 21, 14 and 7 days before parturition, at the time of birth and postpartum days 7, 14 and 21. Non-esterifiedfatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels were evaluated. During the study period, NEFA, SDH, CREA levels increased and CHOL and TG levels decreased at time of parturition. When the changes of parameters in prepartum and postpartum period were compared, the concentrations of NEFA, CHOL, GLU, TG, Ca were higher (p <0.001) in prepartum period;however BHBA, Mg, ALB, GGT, AST, TP, P, BUN, SDH and CREA concentrations were detected to be higher (p <0.001) in postpartum period. Metabolic Profile Test based on biochemical parameters evaluated in our study would be beneficial for diagnosis, prevention and control of diseases such as pregnancy toxemia, hypocalcemia, infertility in goats.