Attractivity of vinasse spraying to stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans in a sugarcane area

ABSTRACT: Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) outbreaks have been associated with sugarcane mills in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the attractivity of vinasse, a liquid byproduct of ethanol production applied to postharvest sugarcane fields, to adult S. calcitrans. Stable fly abundance was monitored for 21 days in August-September 2014, at a sugarcane mill in the municipality of Nova Alvorada do Sul, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Following mechanized harvesting of sugarcane and the consequent deposition of large amounts of plant residue (straw) in the field, the study area (13.5ha) was surrounded by 22 sticky cylinder (“alsynite”) traps. The area was fertigated with vinasse immediately after the traps were placed. Insects caught in the traps were collected daily at 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 15:00 p.m. A total of 83,593 specimens of S. calcitrans were caught, of which 5,516 (6.6%) were attracted within the first five hours after vinasse application. The highest number of S. calcitrans was caught in the first week following vinasse application, with a peak on the 4th day (12,818 flies), which was influenced by adverse weather conditions on the previous days. This study confirms that fertigation of sugarcane fields by spraying vinasse after the harvest attracts S. calcitrans, thus quickly increasing their abundance over the days following application.

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Sugarcane stems as larval habitat for the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) in sugarcane plantations

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013000600009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 741-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paulo H.D. Cançado ◽

Taciany Ferreira ◽

Eliane M. Piranda ◽

Cleber O. Soares

Keyword(s):

Primary Source ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Larval Habitat ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Larval Habitats ◽

Control Programs ◽

Bad Weather ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

Outbreaks of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, cause losses for livestock producers located near sugarcane mills in Brazil, especially in southern Mato Grosso do Sul. The sugarcane mills are often pointed by local farmers as the primary source of these outbreaks; some mills also joined the farmers in combating the flies. Brazilian beef cattle production has great economic importance in similar level to bio-fuel production as ethanol. In this context, the wide-ranging knowledge on the biology and ecology of the stable fly, including larval habitats and their reproduction sites is extremely important for further development of control programs. This paper aims to report the occurrence and development of S. calcitrans larvae inside sugarcane stems in three municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sugarcane stems give protection against bad weather conditions and insecticide application. In this way, for sustainable sugarcane growth specific research concerning this situation should be conducted.

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Resistance of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), to cypermethrin in outbreak areas in Midwestern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612019089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 802-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonio Thadeu Medeiros de Barros ◽

Vinícius Duarte Rodrigues ◽

Paulo Henrique Duarte Cançado ◽

Luísa Nogueira Domingues

Keyword(s):

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

The State ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Stable Flies ◽

Resistance Factors ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Outbreak Areas ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

Abstract Population explosions of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) have become a serious concern for livestock producers near sugarcane mills in some regions of Brazil due to the insect’s massive reproduction on sugarcane byproducts and waste. Despite the limited efficiency of insecticides for controlling stable fly outbreaks, producers still rely on chemical control to mitigate the alarming infestations in affected areas. This study evaluated the susceptibility of S. calcitrans populations to cypermethrin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Stable flies were tested from three field populations and two colonies, established from flies previously collected at sugarcane mills. Wild flies were collected with Nzi traps in areas of sugarcane plantations. Both wild and colonized flies were exposed to eleven concentrations of cypermethrin in impregnated filter paper bioassays. All the populations proved to be resistant to cypermethrin, with resistance factors among field populations ranging from 6.8 to 38.6. The intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of pyrethroid resistance in stable fly populations in the proximities of sugarcane mills in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

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Oceanographic Measurement Surveys Using a Custom AUV: Mixing Induced in the Upper Mixed Layer on a Continental Shelf During Adverse Weather Conditions

10.21236/ada625430 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Manhar R. Dhanak ◽

Ken Holappa

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

Mixed Layer ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Upper Mixed Layer

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Oceanographic Measurement Surveys Using a Custom AUV: Mixing Induced in the Upper Mixed Layer on a Continental Shelf During Adverse Weather Conditions

10.21236/ada627028 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Manhar R. Dhanak ◽

Ken Holappa ◽

Michael Chernys ◽

D. M. Farmer ◽

S. Vagle

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

Mixed Layer ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Upper Mixed Layer

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Using synthetic data for person tracking under adverse weather conditions

Image and Vision Computing ◽

10.1016/j.imavis.2021.104187 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104187

Author(s):

Abdulrahman Kerim ◽

Ufuk Celikcan ◽

Erkut Erdem ◽

Aykut Erdem

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Data ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Person Tracking ◽

Adverse Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather

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Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters: A Review of New Technologies in Escort Tugs to Improve Safety

Applied Mechanics ◽

10.3390/applmech2010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 46-62

Author(s):

Santiago Iglesias-Baniela ◽

Juan Vinagre-Ríos ◽

José M. Pérez-Canosa

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

New Technologies ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Hull Form ◽

Best Available Technologies ◽

Adverse Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

New Type ◽

Technological Challenge ◽

And Performance

It is a well-known fact that the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster caused the escort towing of laden tankers in many coastal areas of the world to become compulsory. In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. The aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the best available technologies regarding towline, essential to properly exploit the new winches, will be carried out. Through this review, the way in which the escort towing industry has faced this technological challenge is shown.

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Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii from Stable Flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae)†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.671 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 671-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

F. MRAMBA ◽

A. BROCE ◽

L. ZUREK

Keyword(s):

16S Rdna ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽

Stable Flies ◽

16S Rdna Pcr ◽

Glucose Agar

Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes meningitis, enterocolitis, and sepsis, primarily in immunocompromised infants. Previously, it was suggested that stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, were a vector or reservoir of this pathogen. In our study, by means of a culturing approach combined with 16S rDNA PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and sequencing, we screened 928 individual stable flies collected in Kansas and Florida. Two stable flies (0.2%) were positive for E. sakazakii. In addition, 411 (44%) stable flies carried bacteria-forming red colonies (presumably enterics) on a violet red bile glucose agar (mean count = 6.4 × 104 CFU per fly), and 120 (13%) stable flies carried fecal coliforms (mean count = 8.7 × 103 CFU per fly). Sequencing of 16S rDNA showed that enterics from violet red bile glucose agar were represented by several genera, including Escherichia, Shigella, Providencia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Proteus, Serratia, and Morganella. Our study shows that stable flies carry bacteria typically present in animal manure (a developmental site of stable fly larvae), which indicates that the natural reservoir of E. sakazakii is the digestive tract or manure of domestic animals. The low prevalence of E. sakazakii associated with stable flies suggests that stable flies do not play a major role as a reservoir or vector of this pathogen.

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