scholarly journals Diseases of the central nervous system in swine in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia E. Hammerschmitt ◽  
Bruno A. Almeida ◽  
Paula R. Pereira ◽  
Saulo P. Pavarini ◽  
Luciana Sonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Annual Distribution ◽  
Salt Poisoning ◽  
Endemic Distribution

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the fourth largest exporter of pork worldwide, with its production concentrated in the Southern region of the country. To reduce the economic impacts and increase herd health, an efficient diagnosis of diseases is necessary. The frequency, seasonal, and annual distribution of diseases that affecting the swine nervous system in Southern Brazil were determined through a retrospective study conducted from 2008 to 2018. A total of 231 pigs were evaluated, and distributed in the following phases: suckling piglets, nursery, growing, finishing, and adults. Piglets in the nursery phase were the most affected with 58.01%. Infectious diseases accounted for 87.01% (201/231) of lesions in the nervous system. Bacterial meningitis was observed in 58.87% of cases, presenting an endemic distribution, and a propensity to occur in the months of autumn/winter. The highest number of cases of porcine circovirus-2 were observed in 2008 and 2009, with a subsequent decline. Porcine circovirus, salt poisoning, and brain abscesses exhibited no association between the seasonal occurrence and annual distribution. Salt poisoning was observed more frequently in the last years of this study. Both, non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and selenium toxicosis exhibited an association between their occurrence and seasonal distribution in, the months of winter, and summer, respectively.

Cerebral Abscess Caused by Listeria monocytogenes: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Cipriani ◽  
Michael Trippel ◽  
Klaus-Jürgen Buttler ◽  
Eva Rohr ◽  
Dirk Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Stereotactic Aspiration ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Abscesses

Abstract Background Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes invasive diseases mostly in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. Despite the predilection toward the central nervous system (CNS), it usually causes meningitis and meningoencephalitis, whereas brain abscesses are very uncommon. Case presentation We describe the case of a 69-year-old homeless patient with a brain abscess due to L. monocytogenes who was successfully treated surgically by a guided stereotactic aspiration and antibiotic therapy with ampicillin and gentamicin. Our patient was discharged after 4 weeks of therapy without neurologic deficits. Additionally, we provide a review of the literature of brain abscesses caused by L. monocytogenes. Conclusions This case highlights the need to drain cerebral abscesses and culture pus to correctly treat patients with antibiotics, especially given the high mortality rate of this infectious entity.

Epidemiology of bacterial and parasitic infections of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Charles R Newton
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Cns Infections ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Abscesses

This chapter looks at the epidemiology of bacterial and parasitic infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Bacteria and parasites are important infections of the CNS, but the epidemiology has changed significantly over the last few decades with the introduction of vaccines; appearance of organisms resistant to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic drugs; increase in number of immunocompromised people from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and oncological conditions; and increased movement of people throughout the world. The CNS infections present with a multitude of symptoms and signs, which often overlap, making case definitions for epidemiological studies difficult. The main syndromes of CNS infections are meningitis, encephalitis, epilepsy, and paralysis. Most bacteria gain access to the CNS via blood, although scalp, ear, and oropharyngeal infections are possible routes of infection. The chapter then discusses acute bacterial meningitis, brain abscesses, ventriculitis, tuberculosis meningitis, malaria, cysticercosis, onchocerciasis, sparganosis, and paragonimiasis.

scholarly journals Neurological complications of acute otitis media in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
I. G. Andreeva ◽  
R. N. Mamleev ◽  
A. D. Evdokimova ◽  
A. F. Galiullina
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Abscesses

The complications of acute otitis media remain an unsolved problem in pediatrics, as they often lead to disability of children. The damage to the nervous system is the most dramatic complications of acute purulent otitis media. Neurological complications include both intracranial lesions of the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses) and neuropathy of the cranial nerves. We presented clinical cases of various neurological complications of otitis media, analyzed diagnostic and therapeutic errors and showed the ways to solve this difficult problem.

Detection of atypical porcine pestivirus in Brazil in the central nervous system of suckling piglets with congenital tremor

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. H. Gatto ◽  
K. Harmon ◽  
L. Bradner ◽  
P. Silva ◽  
D. C. L. Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Tremor

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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