Social and demographic inequalities in diet quality in a population-based study

Objective : To evaluate sociodemographic inequalities in the diet quality of the urban population of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed using data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas in 2008-2009. Diet quality was evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. A total of 3,382 individuals aged 10 years old and older were analyzed. Results : Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised scores increased with age and education level. Women consumed more vegetables, fruits, and milk, and less sodium, meat and eggs, oils, saturated and solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars than men. Scores for whole grains, vegetables, and fruits also increased with age and education level. Conclusion: These findings point to sociodemographic segments that are more vulnerable to an inappropriate diet and identify the need of strategies to increase the consumption of whole grains, dark green vegetables, fruits, and milk, and decrease the consumption of sodium, solid fats, alcohol, and added sugar.

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Healthy Eating Index: Assessment of the Diet Quality of a Brazilian Elderly Population

Nutrition and Metabolic Insights ◽

10.1177/1178638818818845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 117863881881884

Author(s):

Dalila Pinto de Souza Fernandes ◽

Maria Sônia Lopes Duarte ◽

Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽

Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini ◽

Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Quality

Background: The food consumption assessment is necessary to monitor elderly’s nutritional status because it allows detecting nutrition deficits and guiding the elaboration of effective conducts. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the global quality of the elderly’s diet in Viçosa—MG, Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, involving noninstitutionalized elderly. Diet quality was assessed through the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) validated to the Brazilian population. Results: The study comprised 620 elderly individuals. The mean total BHEI-R score was 64.28. The worse consumption scores concerned the components Whole grains, Milk and derivatives, Sodium, Total fruit, and Whole fruit. Approximately 82% scored zero (0%) for Whole grains and 67% for Sodium. Men presented significantly lower scores than women, who have presented maximal score in the same items. Women’s scores were not only significantly higher for Total fruit, Whole fruit, Milk and derivatives, but also significantly lower for Saturated fat. Discussion: Most elderly need to improve their diet quality. Strategies heading toward the improvement of diet quality must be priority in policies to health promotion toward the healthy and active aging.

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Factors associated with diet quality of older adults

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652017000300003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatiana Império de FREITAS ◽

Ágatha Nogueira PREVIDELLI ◽

Marcela Previato do Nascimento FERREIRA ◽

Karina Maffei MARQUES ◽

Rita Maria Monteiro GOULART ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Older Adults ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Education Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The City

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the factors associated with diet quality of older adults from the city of São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 295 older adults receiving care in health care units in São Caetano do Sul. Diet quality was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index. The associations between the diet quality mean score and the socio-demographic, economic, and anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle and health conditions were verified using multiple linear regression. Results Lower diet quality mean score were associated with the variables: marital status (widowed or separated) (β=-2.02; p=0.047), retired (β=-4.24; p=0.034), and smoking (β=-8.06; p=0.001); whereas higher diet quality mean score were associated with higher education level (9 years or more) (β=3.49; p=0.013). Conclusion Individuals with higher education level had better diet quality, and those who were widowed or separated, retired, and smokers had worse diet quality indicating that socio-demographic, economic, and lifestyle are factors that can influence food choice of older adults.

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Is The Healthy Eating Index-2015 Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1061469/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atiyeh Nayebi ◽

Davood Soleimani ◽

Shayan Mostafaei ◽

Negin Elahi ◽

Homayoun Elahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) is a multidimensional criterion of diet quality utilized to evaluate how well people’s dietary behaviors align with major recommendations of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We aim to investigate the association between the diet quality and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: This study was done on 184 patients with RA in rheumatology clinic in Kermanshah city, Iran, in 2020. RA was diagnosed according to the criteria of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/ European League against Rheumatism. The overall quality diet was extracted from a validated 168-item food frequency questioner (FFQ) to calculate the HEI-2015 score. RA disease activity was assessed using Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) scores. One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA were done to find the associations.Participants: RA patientsResults: Individuals in the highest HEI-2015 quartile had a lower mean Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) than those in the lowest quartiles of the HEI scores (P-value: 0.014). A linear trend towards decreasing waist circumference in patients was observed with increasing quartiles of the HEI-2015 scores (P-value= 0.005). After controlling for all potential confounders, patients in the highest HEI-2015 quartile had the lowest DAS28 scores than those in the lowest quartile of the HEI-2015 scores (Q1= 3.65; 95% CI= 3.29 – 4.02 vs. Q4= 2.35; 95% CI= 1.94 - 2.67; P-value<0.001).Conclusion: Our results indicated that following a high diet quality might be one of the therapeutic strategies to control or reduce the disease activity in RA patients.

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Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated with Grip Strength among the US Adult Population

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3358

Author(s):

Galya Bigman ◽

Alice S. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Nationally Representative

The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was designed to reflect adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). The study aims to examine the association between HEI-2015 and grip strength in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011–2014. Low grip strength was defined as <35.5 kg for men and <20 kg for women. HEI-2015 was computed from two days of 24-h dietary recalls and comprised 13 components. Each component was scored on the density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quartiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates. The sample included 9006 eligible participants, of those, 14.4% (aged 20+ years), and 24.8% (aged ≥50 years) had low grip strength. Mean (±SD) HEI-2015 total score was 54.2 ± 13.6 and in the lowest and highest quartiles 37.3 ± 5.1 and 72.0 ± 6.5, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest vs. lowest HEI-2015 quartile had 24% lower odds of having low grip strength (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60–0.96). Specifically, participants who met the DGA for protein intakes, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, or whole fruits had 20–35% lower odds of having low grip strength than those who did not. Higher compliance to the DGA might reduce the risk for low grip strength as a proxy measure for sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of proteins, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits.

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Assessment of Diet Quality in Chilean Urban Population through the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040891 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 891 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria Pinto ◽

Leslie Landaeta-Díaz ◽

Oscar Castillo ◽

Luis Villarroel ◽

Attilio Rigotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Urban Population ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Most worldwide causes of disease and death are strongly associated with dietary factors and the application of eating indexes has proved to be a useful tool to determine diet quality in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality in Chile through the application of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). A representative sample (n = 879) of Chilean urban population aged 15–65 years old from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud; ELANS) was used. Dietary intake data were obtained through two 24-hour food recalls and one beverage frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate AHEI-2010 and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In this Chilean sample, the AHEI-2010 score was 43.7 ± 7.8 points (mean ± SD). Trans fats and sodium intake were the highest scoring AHEI-2010 components whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains had the lowest score. Women, older subjects, and individuals in medium-high socioeconomic levels had significantly higher mean AHEI-2010 scores. No association was found between AHEI-2010 and body mass index (BMI), or nutritional status. Conclusions: Diet quality in the Chilean urban population aged 15–65 years old is far from optimal. Thus, there is room for significant improvement of diet quality in Chile through design and implementation of public health policies, particularly in high-risk groups for chronic diseases.

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Associations Between Nutrition Knowledge and Overall Diet Quality: The Moderating Role of Sociodemographic Characteristics—Results From the PREDISE Study

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117120928877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 38-47

Author(s):

Elise Carbonneau ◽

Benoît Lamarche ◽

Véronique Provencher ◽

Sophie Desroches ◽

Julie Robitaille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Education Level ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Lower Education ◽

Food Recalls

Purpose: To assess how nutrition knowledge is associated with global diet quality and to investigate whether sociodemographic characteristics (ie, sex, age, education, income, marital status, and living with children or not) moderate this association. Design: Cross-sectional web-based study. Participants: The PREDISE study aims at identifying correlates of adherence to healthy eating guidelines in French-speaking adults from the Province of Quebec, Canada. Subjects: A probability sample of 1092 participants (50% female). Measures: The Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire and 24-hour food recalls from which the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated. Analysis: Multiple linear regressions performed to assess how nutrition knowledge is associated with the C-HEI. Interaction terms tested to evaluate whether sociodemographic characteristics moderate the association between nutrition knowledge and the C-HEI. Results: Nutrition knowledge (B = 0.141 [95% CI: 0.075-0.208], P < .0001) was identified as a significant correlate of the C-HEI. Education significantly moderated the association between nutrition knowledge and the C-HEI ( P interaction = .0038), with a significative association among participants with a lower education level (B = 0.295 [95% CI: 0.170-0.421], P < .0001) but not among participants with a higher education level (B = 0.077 [95% CI: −0.004 to 0.157], P = .06). Whether participants lived with or without children also significantly moderated the association ( P interaction = 0.0043); nutrition knowledge was associated with the C-HEI only in participants who were not living with children (B = 0.261 [95% CI: 0.167 to 0.355], P < .0001). Conclusion: This study suggests that the association between nutrition knowledge and adherence to healthy eating guidelines is not the same in different subgroups of the population. Interventions aiming at increasing nutrition knowledge may be a promising approach to improve diet quality, especially among individuals with a lower education.

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Promoting a Healthy Diet in Young Adults: The Role of Nutrition Labelling

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101335 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zehra Buyuktuncer ◽

Aylin Ayaz ◽

Damla Dedebayraktar ◽

Elif Inan-Eroglu ◽

Basma Ellahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Label Use

The use of the nutrition facts label has been associated with healthy eating behaviors for adults. However, the relationship between nutrition facts label use and overall diet quality is not well known in young adults, a vulnerable group that acquire lifelong eating behaviors during this period of life. This study aimed to assess if the use of information on the nutrition facts label is associated with a higher diet quality in young adults. In this cross-sectional study, 958 university students aged 18–34 years were recruited. Nutrition facts label use was recorded. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) scores were calculated. HEI-2005 score was significantly associated with using nutrition facts label (p < 0.001). The mean total HEI-2005 score was 60.7 ± 10.11, 62.4 ± 11.43 and 67.1 ± 12.23 respectively for never, sometimes and everytime users of nutrition facts label (p < 0.001). Sub-group scores of HEI-2005 for total fruits, whole fruits, total vegetables, whole grains, milk, oils, saturated fat, and calories from solid fat, alcohol and added sugar (SoFAAS) were significantly higher in regular nutrition facts label users (p < 0.05, for each). This study showed that young adults who regularly use the nutrition facts label have a higher diet quality.

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Social determinants, lifestyle and diet quality: a population-based study from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003483 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1766-1777

Author(s):

Aline Veroneze de Mello ◽

Jaqueline Lopes Pereira ◽

Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽

Moises Goldbaum ◽

Chester Luiz Galvao Cesar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Health Survey ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Population Based ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

São Paulo ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association among social determinants, lifestyle variables and diet quality in São Paulo, Brazil.Design:Cross-sectional study, 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (2015 ISA-Capital)) with Focus on Nutrition Study (2015 ISA-Nutrition).Setting:Population-based study, with a representative sample of adults living in São Paulo, Brazil.Participants:Adults (aged 20–59 years, n 643) and older adults (aged ≥60 years, n 545).Results:We observed differences in the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) by education, income, occupation, sex and race. Whole grains (0·63 points, 12·6 % of the maximum score), sodium (2·50 points, 25·0 %) and solid fat, alcohol and added sugars (9·28 points, 46·4 %) components had the lowest BHEI-R scores. Factors positively associated with diet quality included the presence of one disease or more (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, hypercholesterolaemia: β = 0·636, P < 0·001), income (middle income: β = 0·478, P < 0·001; high income: β = 0·966, P < 0·001) and occupation (other: β = 1·418, P < 0·001). Energy (β = –0·001, P < 0·001), alcohol consumption (β = –0·207, P = 0·027), education level (middle education: β = –0·975, P < 0·001; high education: β = –1·376, P < 0·001), races other than white (β = –0·366, P < 0·001) and being unemployed (β = –0·369, P < 0·046) were negatively associated with diet quality.Conclusions:Groups affected by socio-economic inequalities need better diet quality. Governmental actions should be implemented to reduce the consumption of energy-dense and sodium-rich foods, facilitate access and information on healthy eating, and conduct nutritional education.

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Healthy Eating Index, Genomics and Metabolomics; Insights into the Mechanisms Driving Dietary Pattern to Metabolic Disorders

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 506-506

Author(s):

Minoo Bagheri ◽

Rachana D Shah ◽

Jonathan D Mosley ◽

Jane F Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Beta Alanine ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Caffeine Metabolism

Abstract Objectives Higher diet quality measured by healthy eating index (HEI) is associated with improved metabolic function, however the molecular basis remains unclear. We assessed associations between HEI and the metabolome in plasma and stool and explored interaction between genotype and HEI on circulating and gut metabolites. Methods We analyzed data from heathy individuals recruited to a single cross-sectional study visit (ABO Study, N = 75). HEI score was calculated from food frequency questionnaire. Metabolites in plasma (n = 800) and stool (n = 767) were measured at Metabolon Inc. Genotyping was performed by Exome chip (Illumina, CoreExome, N > 540,000 variants). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association of HEI score with metabolites adjusting for age, sex and body mass index. Plasma associations were replicated in the Fish oils and Adipose Inflammation Reduction (FAIR) study (N = 29). Metaboanalyst 4.0 was used to determine metabolic pathways. The interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HEI on metabolites was tested using Plink. Results Metabolites in plasma (n = 74) and stool (n = 77) were associated with the HEI index (P < 0.05). One metabolite (N-acetyl-beta-alanine) overlapped between plasma (B = 0.003, P = 0.035) and stool (B = 0.008, P = 0.02). Glycine replicated between ABO (B = −0.001, P = 0.02) and FAIR studies (B = −0.01, P = 0.02). In plasma there was significant pathway enrichment in glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycine, serine-threonine metabolism and caffeine metabolism. In stool, histidine and caffeine metabolism pathways were significantly enriched. Significant (Pinteraction <5 × 10−8) interactions were observed between HEI and multiple independent SNPs for metabolites including circulating Valylleucine and gut Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. Conclusions Diet quality, measured by HEI, is associated with differences in plasma and stool metabolites. The observed associations might aid understanding the link between food patterns and metabolic health outcomes. Further, our data support gene-nutrient interactions between HEI and SNPs contributing to plasma and gut metabolomic profiles. Future work will explore the relationship between HEI and gut microbiome composition. Funding Sources This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

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