scholarly journals Association of insufficient physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in individuals aged 50 years or more

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos SANTOS ◽  
Monique Yndawe Castanho ARAUJO ◽  
Michel Rocha CARDOSO ◽  
Vitor Cabrera BATISTA ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro CHRISTOFARO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of insufficient physical activity in different domains with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in patients aged ³50 years. Methods: The sample consisted of 770 males and females. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when the individual had: (1) low muscle mass and muscle strength; or (2) low walking speed and low muscle mass; sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed when individuals were at risk of obesity and sarcopenia. Muscle mass was given by a predictive equation, and then the muscle mass index (in kg/m²) was given by muscle mass divided by height squared. Muscle strength, in kg, was given by measuring handgrip strength with a digital dynamometer. The 4m walk test evaluated walking sped. Low muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed were defined as the respective values below the 25th percentile, and risk of obesity was defined as body mass index ³25kg/m2. Results: Habitual physical activity was investigated by a questionnaire. Insufficient leisure-time physical activity was associated with sarcopenia (OR=2.55; 95%CI=1.10-5.88). In addition, insufficient leisure-time physical activity (OR=4.75; 95%CI=1.64-13.72), leisure-time and commuting physical activities (OR=2.49; 95%CI=1.02-6.11, and habitual physical activity (OR=3.55; 95%CI=1.0-11.79) were associated with sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion: Insufficient physical activity is associated with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in the study individuals aged ³50years.

scholarly journals Physical activity and 4-year changes in body weight in 52,498 non-obese people: The Lifelines Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyuntugs Byambasukh ◽  
Petra Vinke ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Eva Corpeleijn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Abstract Objectives: We investigated associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different intensities (moderate and vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person’s life course.Methods: The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N=52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI>30kg/m2). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5). Body weight was objectively measured, and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women.Results: The average weight gain was +0.45±0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), MVPA (Beta (95%CI): -0.34 kg (-0.56;-0.13)), MPA (-0.32 kg (-0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (-0.30 kg (-0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-MVPA’ were, respectively, -0.24 (-0.47;-0.02), -0.31 (-0.53;-0.08), and -0.38 (-0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was +0.13±0.03 kg, and only VPA, not MPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-VPA’ group were, respectively, -0.25 (-0.42;-0.09), -0.19 (-0.38;-0.01) and -0.20 (-0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of leisure-time PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men: <35 years; women: <55 years). Moreover, occupational MVPA was not associated with favourable changes in body weight in males and females.Conclusion: Higher leisure-time MVPA, MPA, and VPA were associated with less weight gain in women <55 years. In younger men (<35 years), only VPA was associated with less weight gain.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Types of 9-Month Adapted Physical Activity Program on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Balance in Moderate Sarcopenic Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piastra ◽  
L. Perasso ◽  
S. Lucarini ◽  
F. Monacelli ◽  
A. Bisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Adapted Physical Activity ◽  
European Working ◽  
Postural Training

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of 9-month adapted physical activity (APA) program, based on a muscle reinforcement training and a postural training, respectively, on muscle mass, muscle strength, and static balance in moderate sarcopenic older women. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was done in accordance with measurable variables and cut-off points suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the muscle reinforcement training group (RESISTANCE) (n=35; 69.9 ± 2.7 years) and the postural training group (POSTURAL) (n=37; 70.0±2.8 years). Body composition, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated for sarcopenia assessment, whereas Sway Path, Sway Area, Stay Time, and Spatial Distance were evaluated for static balance assessment. Sixty-six participants completed the study (RESISTANCE group: n=33; POSTURAL group: n=33). Significant increases of muscle mass, SMI, and handgrip strength values were found in the RESISTANCE group, after muscle reinforcement program. No significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group, after postural training. Furthermore, RESISTANCE group showed significant improvements in static balance parameters, whereas no significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group. On the whole, the results of this study suggest that the APA program based on muscle reinforcement applied on moderate sarcopenic older women was able to significantly improve muscle mass and muscle strength, and it was also more effective than the applied postural protocol in determining positive effects on static balance.

Direct effects of leisure-time physical activity on walking speed

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus J. Haight ◽  
M. J. Van Der Laan ◽  
I. B. Tager
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Direct Effects

Effects of Short- and Long-Term Aerobic-Strength Training and Determinants of Walking Speed in the Elderly

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lucia Slobodová ◽  
Ľudmila Oreská ◽  
Martin Schön ◽  
Patrik Krumpolec ◽  
Veronika Tirpáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Minor Effect

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, <i>n</i> = 48) or stretching (active control, <i>n</i> = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01), muscle strength (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and torque (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s<sup>−1</sup>. Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age (<i>r</i> = −0.339, <i>p</i> = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention (<i>r</i> = −0.238, <i>p</i> = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal (<i>r</i> = 0.54; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained &#x3e;26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Fitness of Adults Aged 20–59 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jopkiewicz ◽  
Jacek Gawron ◽  
Stanisław Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Improvement Programs

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to check whether and to what extent leisure-time physical activity and commuting activity constitute a factor differentiating physical fitness in a selected group of females and males aged 20-59 years. Methods. The study was performed in the Świętokrzyskie region of Poland in the spring of 2010. The sample included 1032 adults (517 females and 515 males) employed and at the same time completing extramural education or attending vocational improvement programs. Four age groups were delineated (20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59). A self-report questionnaire assessed physical activity level whereas physical fitness was determined by tests assessing handgrip strength, upper (dynamic) and lower (explosive) extremity strength, agility, hand movement speed, and endurance. Results. A significant relationship was found between leisure-time physical activity and all the performance-based measures in both females and males. With regard to commuting activity, statistically significant relationships were observed only in the females with regard to handgrip strength, lower extremity strength and endurance. Conclusions. A significant positive relationship between leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness was demonstrated in both females and males aged 20-59 years while commuting activity should significant correlations only in females.

scholarly journals Physical activity and 4-year changes in body weight in 52,498 non-obese people: the Lifelines cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyuntugs Byambasukh ◽  
Petra Vinke ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Eva Corpeleijn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Abstract Objectives We investigated associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different intensities (moderate and vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person’s life course. Methods The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N = 52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5). Body weight was objectively measured, and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women. Results The average weight gain was + 0.45 ± 0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), MVPA (Beta (95%CI): − 0.34 kg (− 0.56;-0.13)), MPA (− 0.32 kg (− 0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (− 0.30 kg (− 0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-MVPA’ were, respectively, − 0.24 (− 0.47;-0.02), − 0.31 (− 0.53;-0.08), and − 0.38 (− 0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was + 0.13 ± 0.03 kg, and only VPA, not MPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-VPA’ group were, respectively, − 0.25 (− 0.42;-0.09), − 0.19 (− 0.38;-0.01) and − 0.20 (− 0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of leisure-time PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men < 35 years) or stronger with younger age (women < 55 years). Conclusion Higher leisure-time MVPA, MPA, and VPA were associated with less weight gain in women < 55 years. In younger men (< 35 years), only VPA was associated with less weight gain.

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